大兴安岭北段索图罕地区碱长花岗岩成因及形成构造背景     

杨小鹏  王长兵  李文庆 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(5):1338-1349

本文对大兴安岭北段索图罕地区碱长花岗岩进行了系统的全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb同位素年代学的研究,并探讨了其成因和构造意义。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗岩形成于早白垩世,年龄为（139.50±0.56）Ma。岩石地球化学结果显示,索图罕林场碱长花岗岩属于高钾钙碱性的A型花岗岩,岩石具有富硅和碱、贫CaO和MgO的特征,岩石稀土元素质量分数较高,相对富集轻稀土元素,具有明显的负Eu异常,富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素,稀土元素配分图解具有右斜"V"字形的特征。索图罕林场碱长花岗岩为弱过铝质A型花岗岩,来源于地壳物质的部分熔融。样品微量元素构造判别图解落入后碰撞区域,代表伸展环境。结合区域地质特征,认为该碱长花岗岩的形成与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合后的岩石圈伸展相关。  相似文献   

Quantitative Analysis of Central Asian Countries’ Energy Security and Its Political Influence Factors     

CHEN Xiaopeng  CHENG Shengkui  WU Liang 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(4):434-443

Central Asian countries are located in the heartland of the Eurasian Continent. Their geographic location puts their energy flows under tremendous geopolitical pressure from the countries along their limited number of pipelines. With energy trade data from the United Nations Comtrade Statistics Database in the period from 2005 to 2016, this paper evaluates energy security of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan (exporter) and Kyrgyzstan (importer) using three standards: correlativeness, diversity, and the impact of international relations. It concludes that Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan’s oil markets are balanced in terms of correlation and diversification, and thus less subject to geopolitical pressure. Turkmenistan’s gas markets, on the other hand, still have tremendous exposure to geopolitical risks for lack of diversification. Kyrgyzstan, as an energy importer, could rely on a few neighboring countries for energy supply. We found out that the three Central Asian countries’ energy security is largely determined by four political factors: the relationship with Russia, the new “great game” in Eurasia, the rise of China, and Central Asian regional geopolitical configuration.  相似文献   

庐山一次积冰天气过程冻雨滴谱及下落末速度物理特征个例研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

黄钦  牛生杰  吕晶晶  周悦  张小鹏 《大气科学》2018,42(5):1023-1037

利用PARSIVEL激光雨滴谱仪和自动气象站观测资料及MICAPS数据,对2014年2月7~15日庐山地区积冰天气期间持续时间在5 h以上的2次冻雨过程[2月10日（个例1）和2月13日（个例2）]降水谱分布特征及下落末速度粒径分布进行研究。所观测到的两次个例均是以冻雨为主体的混合相态降水,下落末速度粒径分布偏离G-K曲线,与常规液态降水存在差异,低落速的冻雨滴随降水过程会逐渐向冰粒和干雪转化。结果表明:（1）个例1总降水粒子谱谱宽大于个例2,但峰值数密度比个例2小:个例1谱宽为10 mm,个例2谱宽为4.25 mm,两者峰值粒径均为0.5 mm;个例1降水粒子谱宽为干雪>冻雨>冰粒,个例2降水粒子谱宽为冻雨>干雪>冰粒。（2）Gamma分布更适合描述混合相态降水粒子谱以及冻雨滴谱,个例1中总降水粒子谱Gamma分布为:N（D）=20D-3.61exp（-0.08D）,冻雨Gamma分布:N（D）=76D-2.18exp（-1.11D）;个例2中总降水粒子谱Gamma分布为:N（D）=30D-4.68exp（-0.75D）,冻雨Gamma分布:N（D）=30D-4.67exp（-0.75D）。（3）混合相态降水因混有干雪或冰粒而使得下落末速度粒径谱分布表现出不同程度地向大粒径小落速方向或小粒径大落速方向延展的趋势,这为今后依据下落末速度粒径谱区分同时期降水类型提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

几种雷电灾害风险评估计算方法应用对比分析     

马俊贵  纳丽  齐晓鹏  马永红  陶世银 《气象与环境科学》2018,41(2):131-135

雷电灾害风险评估中,雷击风险的计算方法有人工计算、Excel表格计算和软件计算3种。选取石嘴山一油库为案例,依据风险管理标准(GB/T 21714.2 -2015),分别采用人工、Excel和软件方法,计算该油库雷电风险总量和风险分量。计算结果显示,软件计算风险总值相对人工计算值总是偏高,特别是对于易燃易爆场所,比人工计算、Excel计算值高20~30倍;人工方法、Excel方法风险总值计算结果较为一致。造成差别的原因是,人工计算主观性大,不同的评估人员在风险分量的选取及计算过程中会出现较大的差别,容易忽略部分风险分量,从而造成风险总量的减少。在风险分量的组成上,对第三类防雷建筑物,人工计算结果更符合实际;对第一、二类防雷建筑物,软件计算结果更符合实际。  相似文献   

宁夏红寺堡盆地萨拉乌苏组地层时代重新厘定及意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

崔加伟  李振宏  刘锋  董晓朋  黄婷  赵杨 《地质力学学报》2018,24(2):283-292

以沉积旋回划分为基础,采用光释光和碳十四测年技术手段,将宁夏红寺堡盆地上更新统地层时代进行了重新划分与厘定。研究结果将红寺堡盆地原定为萨拉乌苏组的湖相沉积解体为上下两套,下部湖相沉积即为传统意义上的萨拉乌苏组,上部湖相沉积结合区域地层对比结果将其重新划归为水洞沟组,总体上反映了晚更新世青藏高原东北缘发育的两期重要的古大湖事件。在深海大洋氧同位素曲线上这两期古大湖事件分别相当于MIS3与MIS5段,代表了区域上两期温暖湿润的气候环境,也与该时期全球古气候环境的变迁基本一致。同时,在这两期古大湖发育期间,存在一期重要的构造隆升事件,表现为两套地层之间存在明显的区域不整合接触,可能是青藏高原晚更新世强烈隆升的响应。因此,针对青藏高原东北缘上更新统萨拉乌苏组湖相沉积层开展系统的年代学研究,对其地层时代进行重新划分与厘定,对于研究晚更新世古大湖形成与演化、古气候变迁以及青藏高原的隆升提供了重要的地质背景资料。   相似文献   

机器学习辅助下的概率积分法参数预计模型寻优     

沈震  徐良骥  刘潇鹏  秦长才  王振兵 《测绘通报》2016,(10):35-38

收集整理了多组地表移动观测站资料作为训练样本和检验样本,以工作面地质采矿条件为输入集,概率积分法预计参数为输出集,利用机器学习方法对概率积分法预测参数进行了预测。选取支持向量机、BP神经网络和偏最小二乘法3种机器学习方法对训练样本进行训练,利用训练所得模型预测检验样本中的概率积分法预测参数,并将预测结果与观测站实测值进行对比。结果表明,利用支持向量机预测下沉系数、主要影响角正切值及水平移动系数的精度最高,其平均相对误差分别达到7.46%、4.00%、13.17%;拐点偏距及开采影响传播角利用偏最小二乘法预计精度最高,平均相对误差分别为10.83%、0.88%;总体而言支持向量机的预测精度最为稳定。  相似文献   

Differentiation of coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) based on an analysis of morphology and complete mitochondrial DNA: Are cryptic species present?     

CAI Xiaopeng  QU Meng  DING Shaoxiong  WANG Hangjun  WANG Hongjie  HU Luyi  SU Yongquan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(6):40-46

Two morphotypes of Plectropomus leopardus have been identified; morphometric and meristic analyses show that there is no diagnostic difference between them. A difference in color pattern was the most appropriate phenotypic character with which to distinguish between the two morphotypes. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequencing, however, indicated a clear difference between the two morphotypes. Barcoding analysis revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) in CO1 or ND2 divergence among intramorphotypic individuals, even between geographically separated populations, whereas the intermorphotypic CO1 and ND2 divergences were large enough (averaging 0.95% for CO1 and 1.37% for ND2) to clearly discriminate between the two morphotypes. The color pattern difference, geographical distribution, together with the mtDNA and barcode sequencing data, suggest that the two morphotypes should be of two subspecies or even two species.  相似文献   

The contribution of aeolian processes to fluvial sediment yield from a desert watershed in the Ordos Plateau,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Wanquan Ta  Haibin Wang  Xiaopeng Jia 《水文研究》2015,29(1):80-89

In arid zones, many active aeolian dunes terminate at ephemeral and perennial desert rivers. The desert rivers show very high rates of sediment transport that cause deleterious downstream effects on the river system and ecology. High sediment loading has been attributed to severe water erosion of sparsely covered watersheds during infrequent but heavy rainfall. Although aeolian erosion is known to lead to high rates of wind‐blown sand transport, direct confirmation of whether the aeolian processes accelerate or inhibit fluvial sediment loss is lacking. Here, we show that an aeolian‐fluvial cycling process is responsible for the high rate of suspended sediment transport in a Sudalaer ephemeral desert channel in the Ordos Plateau of China. Frequent aeolian processes, but low frequency (once every 3 years on average) flooding, occur in this region. Wind‐blown saltating grains appeared to be unable to cross the desert channel because of interruption of channel‐induced recirculating air flow, and therefore tended to settle in the channel during the windy seasons, leading to channel narrowing. During flooding, this narrowed channel was found to yield a threefold increase in suspended sediment loading and a 3.4‐fold increase in the weight percentage of the 0.08–0.2 mm sediment fraction on 18 July 2012. Loss of stored aeolian sand due to channel erosion accounted for about half of the total sediment yield in this watershed. These findings show that aeolian processes play an essential role in accelerating the sediment yield from a watershed characterized by aeolian‐fluvial interplay and also suggest that the drier the region and the greater the aeolian process, the more the aeolian process contributes to fluvial sediment yield. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

水资源管理制度超模博弈分析——以钱塘江与黑河为例   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

陈惠雄  徐菲菲  王晓鹏 《冰川冻土》2017,39(5):1089-1097

运用超模博弈理论,以流域水资源管理制度形成的角度来解释流域各区段水资源管理政策执行面临的外部环境约束与激励,并通过模型描述了水资源管理域与外部关联域之间的博弈关系。分析发现：超模结构在当前钱塘江与黑河流域的水资源博弈中发挥着重要影响。钱塘江流域水资源管理制度收益函数对水功能区治理变量和经济域治理变量有递增差异。黑河流域水资源管理制度收益函数对分水治理变量和社会域治理变量有递增差异。由于这种关联作用对各区段主体策略集的限制,流域间水资源管理制度逐渐异质化,各流域管理结构呈现出一定的区域特色。钱塘江流域水资源管理偏重于扁平化、职能化管理,黑河流域为科层结构下水资源的层级分配。并依据以上研究结论提出了制度建议。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of I-type granites from Yuqikapa granite pluton of the western Kunlun orogen: Deformation-driven filter-pressing differentiation     

WEI Xiaopeng  WANG He  DONG Rui  LI Pei  Zhang Xiaoyu  QIU Zengwang  YAN Qinghe 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(Z1):98-99

<正>1 Introduction The western Kunlun orogen,located in the northwest Tibet Plateau,and is a conjunction between the Pan-Asian and the Tethys tectonic domains.From north to south,the Western Kunlun orogen includes four  相似文献