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41.
1980—1993年对黄茅海河口湾进行沉积物采样和水流测定及水深测量。根据水动力和地形条件,冲淤分析及Mclaren模型研究河口湾的动力地貌体系、冲淤特征和现代沉积物运移。结果表明:(1)水下地形主要为下泄流或上溯流控制的“深槽-槽沟-浅滩-湾口”的动力地貌体系,反映了河口湾“东进西出”的水流格局;(2)整个河口湾以淤积为主,只有崖门深槽有较明显的优势冲刷特征,并随着崖门深槽向海推移和河口湾“东进西出”水动力作用,黄茅海落潮三角洲相应向西南进积;(3)应用Mclaren模型揭示了黄茅海河口湾现代沉积物运移规律,同样反映了河口湾具有“东进西出”的运移趋势。 相似文献
42.
Abstract. Biokarst-forms on limestone coasts are developed and arranged according to the bionomic zonation. The development of biokarst is the result of bioerosion, a synergistic effect of biological corrosion by endoliths and biological abrasion by grazers.
The cumulative effect of biogenic carbonate destruction leads to coastal destruction with a resulting highly profiled morphology on the limestone surfaces along the coastal profile. Under the influence of environmental factors a zonation of organisms develops which brings in turn a zonation of erosion rates (0.1-1.1 mm a-1 ) resulting in biokarst-forms such as rock holes, rock pools and notches.
Products of bioerosion on limestone coasts are dissolved carbonate (by biological corrosion, 10–30% of the decomposed limestone) and particulate carbonate (by biological abrasion, 70–90% of the decomposed limestone) both of which contribute directly or indirectly to nearshore sedimentation. Size and shape of the bioerosional grains are determined by the boring pattern of the endoliths. The fine-grained sediments (maximum within the fraction 20–63 μm) contribute 3–25 % to the nearshore sediments.
Drastic changes in the biological zonation (like the mass invasion of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the Northern Adriatic since 1972 which eliminated nearly the entire macrophyte zone) due to unknown factors or pollution can have a profound effect on the bioerosion rates, altering them by as much as a factor of ten. 相似文献
The cumulative effect of biogenic carbonate destruction leads to coastal destruction with a resulting highly profiled morphology on the limestone surfaces along the coastal profile. Under the influence of environmental factors a zonation of organisms develops which brings in turn a zonation of erosion rates (0.1-1.1 mm a
Products of bioerosion on limestone coasts are dissolved carbonate (by biological corrosion, 10–30% of the decomposed limestone) and particulate carbonate (by biological abrasion, 70–90% of the decomposed limestone) both of which contribute directly or indirectly to nearshore sedimentation. Size and shape of the bioerosional grains are determined by the boring pattern of the endoliths. The fine-grained sediments (maximum within the fraction 20–63 μm) contribute 3–25 % to the nearshore sediments.
Drastic changes in the biological zonation (like the mass invasion of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the Northern Adriatic since 1972 which eliminated nearly the entire macrophyte zone) due to unknown factors or pollution can have a profound effect on the bioerosion rates, altering them by as much as a factor of ten. 相似文献
43.
INTRODUCTIONTheDenglouCape ,inthesouthwestoftheLeizhouPeninsula ,isatthenorthmarginoftropicalzone .SeveralresearchesandcartographiesoftheregionalgeomorphologyandQuater narygeology ,whichwerecarriedoutinthepast,allincludethisarea (MGL ,SCSIO ,CAS ,1 978;GPCSGRCZT… 相似文献
44.
J. Acosta E. Uchupi A. Muñoz P. Herranz C. Palomo M. Ballesteros 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2003,24(1-2):1-40
In this paper we discuss the results of a swath bathymetric investigation of the Canary archipelago offshore area. These new
data indicate that volcanism is pervasive throughout the seafloor in the region, much more that would be suggested by the
islands. We have mapped tens of volcanic edifices between Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria and offshore Tenerife, La Gomera,
El Hierro and La Palma. Volcanic flows are present between Tenerife and La Gomera and salic necks dominate the eastern insular
slope of La Gomera. This bathymetry also supports land geologic studies that indicate that the oceanic archipelago has acquired
its present morphology in part by mass wasting, a consequence of the collapse of the volcanic edifices. In the younger islands,
Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro, the Quaternary (1.2 to 0.15 Ma) debris avalanches are readily recognizable and can be traced
offshore for distances measured in tens of km. Off the older islands, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and La Gomera
(<20 to 3.5 Ma), the avalanches have been obscured by subsequent turbidity current deposition and erosion as well as hemipelagic
processes. The failure offshore western Lanzarote is in the form of a ramp at the base of the insular slope bound on the seaward
side by a scarp. Its size and the lack of evidence of rotation along its landwards side precludes the possibility that it
is a slump. It probably represents a slide whose outer scarp is caused by break-up of the slide. Mounds on the ramp’s surface
may represent post-displacement volcanic structures or exotic blocks transported to their present locations by the slide.
The failures offshore Fuerteventura are so large that, although they occurred in the Miocene-Pliocene, exotic blocks displaced
from upslope are still recognizable in the insular margin morphology. The Canary Island insular margin appears to be a creation
of Miocene-Pliocene mass wasting and more recent turbidity current deposition and erosion, and hemilepagic deposition. Failures
offshore La Gomera are due to debris flows and/or turbidity currents. These events have obscured earlier mass wasting events.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
45.
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47.
在分析海底地貌学国内外研究现状基础之上,综述我国海底地貌的最新研究进展和发展历程,探讨今后我国近海地貌的研究发展方向:我国现代海底地貌学研究虽然起步较晚,但总的趋势是随着测量技术的不断更新,由宏观向微观、从大的地貌类型向特定的地貌体、从形态特征到地貌过程的研究,并着重研究人类活动与地貌过程的响应关系。针对"908专项"在我国近海海域的调查成果,着重介绍其在我国东海近海海域地形地貌研究中的新发现、新认识:长江口外古潮流沙脊群可分为堆积型、侵蚀—堆积型和侵蚀型潮流沙脊群3种类型;在福建闽江口近岸的马祖列岛和白犬列岛之间发现多条呈SW—NE走向、条带状分布的潮流沙脊,面积约200 km2,水深在15~30 m;在东海陆架沙脊区与金门岛外发现2处新的海底礁石。这些全新的发现和认识对于我国近海海底地貌的研究将起到丰富和推动作用。 相似文献
48.
地震地貌学研究的现状及展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地震地貌学是通过三维地震资料平面及空间特征,结合地震地层学理论,来解读和还原古地貌、古沉积和其他地质信息的一门综合性学科,其核心技术是通过快速浏览三维地震资料主测线、联络测线及时间切片等来识别"特殊地质体"。该学科的建立,在真正意义上实现了地震解释从二维到三维的跨越,已在指导勘探和储层预测上发挥了巨大作用。从层位解释、平行解释层位切片或地层切片、振幅属性提取和分析、地震信号体素追踪、特殊属性数据体分析以及多数据体属性叠加显示等六大方面介绍了地震地貌学分析技术的应用实例。地震地貌学还处在起步阶段,未来的发展趋势将会主要集中于:(1)海相和陆相背景下碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积演化研究;(2)基于地震资料的生储盖层及源岩岩性的精确预测,如深水沉积环境下河道砂体精细追踪及河道内部沉积结构划分等;(3)层序地层学理论与模式的改进与发展;(4)储层物性定量化研究、储层非均质性研究以及更加先进的分析技术手段等。 相似文献
49.
50.
The objective of this paper is to investigate the variation of geomorphology and runoff characteristics in saturated areas under different partial contributing area (PCA) conditions. Geomorphologic information and hydrologic records from two mid‐size watersheds in northern Taiwan were selected for analysis. The PCA ratio in the watershed during a storm was assumed equal to the ratio of the surface‐flow volume to the direct runoff volume from measured hydrologic data. The extents of PCA regions were then determined by using a topographic‐index threshold. Consequently, the geomorphologic factors in saturated and unsaturated areas could be calculated using a digital elevation model, and these factors could then be linked to a geomorphology‐based IUH model for runoff simulation, which can consider both the surface‐ and subsurface‐flow processes in saturated and unsaturated areas, respectively. The results show that geomorphologic characteristics in the saturated areas vary significantly with different PCA ratios especially for higher order streams. A large PCA ratio results in a sharp hydrograph because the quick surface flow dominates the runoff process, whereas the hydrologic response in a low PCA case is dominated by the delayed subsurface flow. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献