Consumption impacts by marine mammals, fish, and seabirds on the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) complex during the years 1977-2002   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Overholtz  W. J.; Link  J. S. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2007,64(1):83-96

  相似文献   

Sonic tracking of wild cod, Gadus morhua, in an inshore region of the Bay of Fundy: a contribution to understanding the impact of cod farming for wild cod and endangered salmon populations     

Brooking  Paul; Doucette  Gino; Tinker  Steve; Whoriskey  Frederick G. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(7):1364-1371

  相似文献   

Size-dependent vulnerability of marine fish larvae to predation: an individual-based numerical experiment   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Cowan  James H.  Jr; Houde  Edward D.; Rose  Kenneth A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(1):23-37

  相似文献   

All washed up: spatial and temporal variation in the wash-up and fate of chondrichthyan egg cases along a section of the Garden Route,South Africa     

S Schmöle  M Brown 《African Journal of Marine Science》2020,42(2):141-149

Washed-up chondrichthyan egg cases were collected along three different sandy beaches around Plettenberg Bay, South Africa, between April 2016 and March 2017. GPS location was recorded upon collection, and, after being soaked in fresh water for 12 hours, egg cases were identified to species level. Additionally, boreholes, damage, biofouling and state of the hatchling slit were recorded. The hatching success of each egg case was inferred from these factors. Over the year, 6 996 egg cases of nine species were collected. Egg cases of the tiger catshark Halaelurus natalensis had the highest hatching rate at 70%. Egg cases of the leopard catshark Poroderma pantherinum had the highest predation rate at 57%. Season had no significant effect either on overall egg-case counts or on per-species counts. Location, however, significantly affected the overall egg-case counts, as well as per-species counts, with the exceptions of H. natalensis and the St Joseph Callorhinchus capensis. The results of this study provide insight into chondrichthyan species occurrence and spatial variation along a section of the Garden Route in the Western Cape Province and can act as a baseline for future research.  相似文献   

Changes in the fish fauna of a tropical Australian estuary since 1990 with reference to prawn predators and environmental change     

S.J.M. Blaber  S.P. GriffithsR. Pillans 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

As part of a study of the reasons for declining commercial banana prawn catches in the Weipa area of the Gulf of Carpentaria, and in order to assess whether changes in predator numbers may be a factor influencing prawn numbers, the species composition, numbers and biomasses of fishes in the Embley estuary were re-examined in February 2005 for comparison with the results of a study between 1986 and 1990. The new study duplicated previous methods and used the same sampling sites and the same gear employed during February sampling periods from 1986 to 1990. Overall, the species diversity and catch rates, as well as the numbers of penaeid prawn predators had changed little over 20 years. The overall catch rate for 2005 was 37.4 g m⁻¹ h⁻¹, not significantly different from the overall catch rate of 32.8 g m⁻¹ h⁻¹ (SE 6.6) for the period from 1987 to 1989. The results are discussed in relation to environmental factors and climate change, as well as the substantial declines in prawn catches, which had fallen from over 800 tonnes per annum prior to 1998, to about 70 tonnes per annum.  相似文献   

Skin toxins in coral‐associated Gobiodon species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) affect predator preference and prey survival          下载免费PDF全文

Barbara Gratzer  Eva Millesi  Manfred Walzl  Juergen Herler 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(1):67-76

Predation risk is high for the many small coral reef fishes, requiring successful sheltering or other predator defence mechanisms. Coral‐dwelling gobies of the genus Gobiodon live in close association with scleractinian corals of the genus Acropora. Earlier studies indicated that the low movement frequency of adult fishes and the development of skin toxins (crinotoxicity) are predation avoidance mechanisms. Although past experiments showed that predators refuse food prepared with goby skin mucus, direct predator–prey interactions have not been studied. The present study compares the toxicity levels of two crinotoxic coral gobies – Gobiodon histrio, representative of a conspicuously coloured species, and Gobiodon sp.3 with cryptic coloration – using a standard bioassay method. The results show that toxin levels of both species differ significantly shortly after mucus release but become similar over time. Predator preferences were tested experimentally in an aquarium in which the two gobies and a juvenile damselfish Chromis viridis were exposed to the small grouper Epinephelus fasciatus. Video‐analysis revealed that although coral gobies are potential prey, E. fasciatus clearly preferred the non‐toxic control fish (C. viridis) over Gobiodon. When targeting a goby, the predator did not prefer one species over the other. Contrary to our expectations that toxic gobies are generally avoided, gobies were often captured, but they were expelled quickly, repeatedly and alive. This unusual post‐capture avoidance confirms that these gobies have a very good chance of surviving attacks in the field due to their skin toxins. Nonetheless, some gobies were consumed: the coral shelter may therefore also provide additional protection, with toxins protecting them mainly during movement between corals. In summary, chemical deterrence by crinotoxic fishes seems to be far more efficient in predation avoidance than in physical deterrence involving body squamation and/or strong fin spines.  相似文献   

Does cannibalism of larvae by adults affect settlement and connectivity of mussel populations?     

Francesca Porri  Tembisa Jordaan  Christopher D. McQuaid   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):687-693

Intertidal population dynamics are driven by a complex series of processes, including larval supply and the possibility of larval predation by benthic animals such as filter-feeders. We hypothesised that cannibalism by adults could play a major role in the population connectivity of mussel populations by removing larvae as they attempt to settle in the adult habitat. Specifically, we tested hypotheses that consumption of mussel larvae by adults removes a significant proportion of potential settlers and is influenced by both settlement intensity and tidal state (flooding or ebbing). Predation of mussel larvae by adult mussels was investigated on incoming and ebbing tides during four spring tides by analysing the gut contents of adult Perna perna and Mytilus galloprovincialis collected from the low intertidal mussel zone between October 2005 and January 2006. Consumption rates were then compared with estimates of successful settler densities on natural beds. The results showed that mortality of competent mussel larvae through adult ingestion removes up to 77% a of potential settlers. Rates of larval consumption were highest during months of intense settlement, suggesting that mussels feed opportunistically, filtering a relatively fixed volume of water and removing particles, including larvae, in proportion to their densities in the water. Rates of larviphagy were also higher during receding than incoming tides. We suggest that this is due to changes in larval density or, more probably, in adult filtration efficiency that are related to the state of the tide. Despite significant effects of both tidal state and settlement intensity on rates of larval ingestion, neither had a significant effect on the proportion of potential settlers removed. During settlement more than half of all potential settlers are lost through cannibalism, with potentially serious consequences for population maintenance. The results highlight the paradoxical nature of the evolution of settlement mechanisms in mussels, which must balance the advantages of settlement in habitats favourable to adults against the consumption of larvae by adults.  相似文献   

Evidence of the top-down role of predators in structuring sublittoral rocky-reef communities in a Marine Protected Area and nearby areas of the Canary Islands     

Clemente  Sabrina; Hernandez  Jose Carlos; Brito  Alberto 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2009,66(1):64-71

  相似文献   

Overlooked small and juvenile piscivores dominate shallow-water estuarine “refuges” in tropical Australia     

Ron Baker  Marcus Sheaves 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

A model was developed to estimate the relative impacts of different functional groups of piscivores on the shallow-water estuarine nursery assemblage of tropical north-eastern Australia. Data on variability in the occurrence, number and type of fish in the diet of different piscivores was combined with estimates of the abundance of each group. The model predicts that previously overlooked small and occasional or ‘minor’ piscivores, such as sillaginids, ambassids, sparids and small juvenile carangids, inflict mortality on new recruits to shallow-water nursery habitats that is orders of magnitude greater than that imparted by more conspicuous larger piscivores. Because of their high abundance, a shift in the diet of minor piscivores to prey on new recruits results in a massive increase in the consumption of fish prey by the piscivore assemblage as a whole. Even if the evidence that minor piscivores switch to target new recruits was rejected, the model shows that the highly abundant minor piscivores must still exert a significant proportion of predation mortality experienced by recruiting fishes. As a broad functional group, minor piscivores occur in most aquatic systems around the globe and are likely to play an important but largely overlooked role as predators that shape communities through predation on critical early life stages of other fishes.  相似文献   

武汉东湖透明薄皮溞的捕食效率     

李纯厚  黄祥飞 《湖泊科学》1993,(2)

本文在室内模拟自然水温研究了东湖透明薄皮溞(Leptodora Kindti)对优势枝角类短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)和微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)的捕食效率。实验结果表明,在17℃和21℃时透明薄皮溞对短尾秀体溞的捕食率系数(predation rate coefficient)或称滤过率(clearance rate)分别为15.9和18.2mL predator~(-1)day~(-1)。17℃时透明薄皮溞对微型裸腹溞的捕食率系数为30.1mL predator~(-1)day~(-1)。不同的猎物密度对捕食率系数亦有影响。在17℃,当猎物密度从200ind mL~(-1)增为800ind mL~(-1)时,透明薄皮溞对裸腹溞的捕食率系数则从30.1mL predator~(-1)day~(-1)下降为15.1mL predator~(-1)day~(-1),对短尾秀体溞的捕食率系数亦从15.9mL predator~(-1)day~(-1)降为7.8mL predator~(-1)day~(-1)。  相似文献