Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopic Signatures of Large Atmospheric Ice Conglomerations     

J. Martinez-FrÍAs  A. Delgado  M. MillÁN  E. Reyes  F. Rull  D. Travis  R. Garcia  F. LÓPez-Vera  J. A. RodrÍGuez-Losada  J. A. Martin-Rubi  J. Raya  E. Santoyo 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,52(2):185-202

Specific studies about the stable isotope composition (¹⁸O/¹⁶O and D/H) of atmospheric icy conglomerations are still scarce. The present work offers, for the first time, a very detailed analysis of oxygen and hydrogen isotopic signatures of unusually large ice conglomerations, or “megacryometeors”, that fell to the ground in Spain during January 2000. The hydrochemical analysis is based on the bulk isotopic composition and systematic selective sampling (deuterium isotopic mapping) of eleven selected specimens. δ¹⁸O and δD (V-SMOW) of all samples fall into the Meteoric Water Line matching well with typical tropospheric values. The distribution of the samples on Craig's line suggests either a variation in condensation temperature and/or different residual fractions of water vapour (Rayleigh processes). Three of the largest megacryometeors exhibited unequivocally distinctive negative values (δ¹⁸O = −17.2%₀ and δD = −127 %₀ V-SMOW), (δ¹⁸O = −15.6%₀ and δD = −112%₀ V-SMOW) and (δ¹⁸O = −14.4%₀ and δD = −100%₀ V-SMOW), suggesting an atmospheric origin typical of the upper troposphere. Theoretical calculations indicate that the vertical trajectory of growth was lower than 3.2 km. During the period in which the fall of megacryometeors occurred, anomalous atmospheric conditions were observed to exist: a substantial lowering of the tropopause with a deep layer of saturated air below, ozone depression and strong wind shear. Moreover, these large ice conglomerations occurred during non-thunderstorm conditions, suggesting an alternative process of ice growth was responsible for their formation.  相似文献   

2001年春季临安地区对流层臭氧异常增加的一次过程分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

崔宏  赵春生  郑向东  郑永光  秦瑜  陈尊裕  陈鲁言 《大气科学》2005,29(2):259-266

2001年春季在临安(30.30°N,119.75°E)进行的臭氧垂直探测发现,从3月25到31日有一次明显的臭氧异常增加过程,其中尤以29日和30日对流层上层的臭氧异常增加最具代表性.结合分析地面及高空气象要素演变和高空位势涡度的变化表明,这是一次显著的平流层空气由上向下穿过对流层顶深入对流层的下传过程,此平流层对流层交换过程与冷空气南下的天气过程和副热带急流、极锋急流移动造成的辐合下沉运动有着密切的联系.  相似文献   

Dynamical and Chemical Features of a Cutoff Low over Northeast China in July 2007: Results from Satellite Measurements and Reanalysis     

LIU Chuanxi  LIU Yi  Xiong LIU  Kelly CHANCE 《大气科学进展》2013,30(2):525-540

The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim) meteorology and measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder, High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder, and Ozone Monitoring Instrument onboard the Earth Observing System Aura satellite were applied to analyze the dynamical and chemical features of a cutoff low (COL) event over northeast China in early July 2007. The results showed the polar stratospheric origin of an upper-level warm-core cyclone at 100--300 hPa, associated with a funnel-shaped tropopause intruding into the mid-troposphere just above the COL center. The impacts of the stratospheric intrusion on both column ozone and ozone profiles were investigated using satellite measurements. When the intensity of the COL peaked on 10 July 2007, the total column ozone (TCO) increase reached a maximum (40--70 DU). This could be dynamically attributed to both the descent of the tropopause (～75%) and the downward transport of stratospheric ozone across the tropopause (～25%). Analysis of the tropospheric ozone profiles provided evidence for irreversible transport/mixing of ozone-rich stratospheric air across the tropopause near the upper-level front region ahead of the COL center. This ozone intrusion underwent downstream transport by the upper tropospheric winds, leading to further increase in TCO by 12--16 DU over broad regions extending from east China toward the northern Japan Sea via South Korea. Meteorological analysis also showed the precedence of the stratospheric intrusion ahead of the development of cyclones in the middle and lower troposphere.  相似文献   

Upper-bound general circulation of coupled ocean–atmosphere: Part 1. Atmosphere     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2013

We consider the general atmospheric circulation within the deductive framework of our climate theory. The preceding three parts of this theory have reduced the troposphere to the tropical and polar air masses and determined their temperature and the surface latitude of their dividing boundary, which provide the prior thermal constraint for the present dynamical derivation. Drawing upon its similar material conservation as the thermal property, the (columnar) potential vorticity (PV) is assumed homogenized as well in air masses, which moreover has a zero tropical value owing to the hemispheric symmetry. Inverting this PV field produces an upper-bound zonal wind that resembles the prevailing wind, suggesting that the latter may be explained as the maximum macroscopic motion extractable by random eddies – within the confine of the thermal differentiation.With the polar front determined in conjunction with the zonal wind, the approximate leveling of the isobars at the surface and high aloft specifies the tropopause, which is colder and higher in the tropics than in the polar region. The zonal wind drives the meridional circulation via the Ekman dynamics, and the preeminence of the Hadley cell stems from the singular Ekman convergence at the equator that allows it to supply the upward mass flux in the ITCZ demanded by the global energy balance.  相似文献   

皖北地区对流层顶气象特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

路传彬  陈娟  华行祥 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,(1):28-31

利用阜阳高空气象站2007—2011年08时的对流层顶气象资料,运用统计学方法,对皖北地区两类对流层顸的气象特征进行分析。结果表明：极地类对流层顶与热带类对流层顶大部分时间并存于皖北地区上空,7、8、9月极地类对流层顶消失;热带类对流层顶的高度先扬后抑,5月最高,11月最低,温度先降后升,12月最高,9月最低;极地类对流层顶的高度上半年不断抬高,下半年依次走低,温度年头高、年中低;两类对流层顶季节性特征的变化大体上呈正相关关系,极地类对流层顸季节性变化较大。  相似文献   

新疆1960—1999年第一对流层顶高度变化及其突变分析   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

张广兴  李娟  崔彩霞  辛渝 《气候变化研究进展》2005,1(3):106-110

采用1960-1999年新疆12个探空站逐日观测资料,按气候特点把新疆划分为阿尔泰山、天山南坡、天山北坡和昆仑山4个区域进行研究。分析了40 a来新疆第一对流层顶年平均高度变化空间分布差异,用Mann-Kendall法和移动t检验法进行了突变检验。结果表明：1960年以来,新疆第一对流层顶年平均高度总体为上升趋势,期间经历了两升两降的变化,较为突出的是1987-1999年的明显上升过程。年代际变化上,20世纪60年代到70年代初第一对流层顶高度有所下降,70、80和90年代的30 a则明显上升,累计上升了百米之多。新疆阿尔泰山、天山南坡和北坡分别于1972、1973和1976年发生了均值突变,昆仑山未发生显著气候突变。尽管存在差异,但在80年代末期至1999年各地呈现的上升趋势却具一致性。  相似文献   

Simulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in Wintertime Stratospheric Ozone over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia: Results from the Specified Dynamics Version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Chuan-Xi  LIU Yi  ZHANG Yu-Li 《大气和海洋科学快报》2015,8(5)

The authors examined the Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO) in stratospheric ozone during boreal winter using a simulation from the Specified Dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model(SD-WACCM) in 2004 and 2010. Comparison with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis(ERA-Interim) data suggested that the model simulation represented well the three-dimensional structure of the MJO-related ozone anomalies in the upper troposphere and stratosphere(i.e., between 200 and 20 h Pa). The negative ozone anomalies were over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia in MJO phases 3–7, when the MJO convective anomalies travelled from the equatorial Indian Ocean towards the equatorial western Pacific Ocean. Due to the different vertical structures of the MJO-related circulation anomalies, the MJO-related stratospheric ozone anomalies showed different vertical structure over the Tibetan Plateau(25–40°N, 75–105°E) and East Asia(25–40°N, 105–135°E). As a result of the positive bias in the model-calculated ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, the amplitude of MJO-related stratospheric ozone column anomalies(10–16 Dobson Units(DU)) in the SD-WACCM simulation was slightly larger than that(8–14 DU) in the ERA-Interim reanalysis.  相似文献   

Ten-year climatological features and air origin of midlatitude double tropopauses     

Xue Wu  Daren Lü 《大气科学进展》2015,32(12):1592-1602

The 10-year climatological features related to midlatitude double tropopause events(DTs) are examined using ERAInterim data from 2003 to 2012. The analysis is based on tropopauses defined by lapse rate. Results show that DTs are permanent or semi-permanent in the midlatitudes,and high DT frequency bands move poleward in winter and equatorward in summer,which is consistent with the seasonal movement of the subtropical jet. Based on our statistics,the second tropopause is found at about 100 h Pa in the subtropics and at slightly lower altitudes in sub-polar regions. The thickness between the first and second tropopause is smaller in the subtropics and increases with latitude. Next,the origin of air sandwiched between the first and second tropopause of DTs is studied with a revised version of the UK Universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme Offline Trajectory Code(Version 3) diabatic trajectory model. The results show that,in the lower or middle troposphere,air is transported into the DTs from lower latitudes,mainly in the tropics. The dominant source regions are mainly areas of deep convection and steep orography,e.g.,the western Pacific and Himalayan Mountains,and they show strong seasonality following the seasonal shift of these strong upwelling regions.  相似文献   

青藏高原与同纬度其他地区热带对流层顶气压变化特征的比较          下载免费PDF全文

周顺武  郑丹  秦亚兰  郭栋  王传辉  胡开喜 《大气科学学报》2019,42(5):660-671

基于1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐日再分析温度资料,依据温度递减率插值法计算出青藏高原及同纬度其他地区热带对流层顶气压数据,比较了高原和同纬度其他地区热带对流层顶气压季节变化和长期变化趋势,讨论了热带对流层顶气压与高空温度的关系。结果表明:1)在季节变化上,除12月和1月外,青藏高原热带对流层顶气压全年低于同纬度其他地区;青藏高原热带对流层顶气压、对流层中上层以及平流层下部平均温度均表现出比同纬度其他地区更明显的单峰型特征。2)热带对流层顶气压与高空温度变化关系密切,对流层中上层(平流层下部)平均温度升高(降低),有利于热带对流层顶气压降低;相对于同纬度其他地区,青藏高原对流层顶气压与对流层中上层平均温度的关系更密切。3)1979—2014年青藏高原和同纬度其他地区各季节的热带对流层顶气压均呈现出不同程度的下降趋势,冬春季下降趋势更加显著;青藏高原各季节对流层中上层增温和平流层下部降温的幅度均超过同纬度其他地区,导致其热带对流层顶气压的下降趋势比同纬度其他地区更加明显。  相似文献   

从涡度、位涡、到平流层干侵入——位涡问题的缘起、应用及其歧途   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

陶祖钰  周小刚  郑永光 《气象》2012,38(1):28-40

由于从等熵位涡分析引申出来的平流层干侵入（以下简称干侵入）概念造成了当前天气预报思路中一些混乱和违背天气学常识的看法,文中回顾了天气预报原理从着眼气压变化到着眼涡度变化的发展历史和位涡问题的缘起。进而根据位涡的定义、数学表达式、物理意义,并结合实例的计算结果指出,位涡的大小主要取决于位温的垂直梯度;等熵面上的位涡分布形势实质是对流层顶高度的分布,因此可以间接反映极地气团、锋、高空槽和高空急流的形势。轨迹计算和数值预报都证明,低空的高位涡异常是地面气旋强烈加深和潜热反馈的结果,而不是干侵入的结果。指出位涡的守恒性不能替代斜压扰动发展的动力学机理;干侵入的错误概念来源于对位涡守恒性的绝对化和简单的推断,并犯了流体力学原理上混淆流线和轨迹两个不同概念的错误。  相似文献