近40 a来新疆极地类对流层顶温度变化的若干事实和突变分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

张广兴  何清  李娟  辛渝 《干旱区地理》2005,28(6):729-733

采用1963—2002年新疆12个探空站逐日探测资料．按气候特点和地理分布把新疆划分为阿尔泰山．天山和昆仑山3个研究区域。分析了40a来新疆全年各区极地类对流层顶平均温度变化的若干事实、变化的趋势和变化的空间分布差异,用Mann-Kendall法对其进行了气候突变检验。研究表明：新疆极地类对流层顶平均温度总体呈下降趋势;从年代际变化来看40a共下降了0．5℃,下降速率为0．125℃／（10a）。同时,该层温度于1976年发生了气候突变,皿著水平达5％以上．由此说明新疆近年来高空的一些特性层也同样发生了气候变化。  相似文献   

甘肃省对流层顶高度的季节变化特征分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨双艳  周顺武  陈鹤 《气象》2010,36(4):57-62

根据甘肃省8个探空站25年(1980—2004年)的对流层顶观测资料,分析了第一对流层顶和第二对流层顶高度的季节变化特征,结果表明:(1)全省各站全年各月均可观测到复合对流层顶,两类对流层顶存在着明显的季节差异,冬(夏)季以第一(二)对流层顶为主。(2)第一对流层顶的平均高度在春、秋(冬、夏)季相对较高(低),年变化曲线呈双峰型;第二对流层顶的平均高度在春、夏(秋、冬)季相对较高(低),年变化表现出单峰型。(3)两类对流层顶高度均存在明显的年际变化,除秋季外,各个季节第一(二)对流层顶普遍存在5～6 a(准3 a)的周期振荡。(4)近25年来甘肃省两类对流层顶主要以上升趋势为主,特别是在夏季两类对流层顶高度均存在明显的上升趋势。  相似文献   

利用COSMIC掩星资料分析青藏高原地区对流层顶季节变化特征          下载免费PDF全文

余小嘉  杨胜朋  蒋熹  张明 《大气科学学报》2022,45(2):292-301

根据WMO(1957)对流层高度的判别方法,利用2007—2013年COSMIC掩星资料计算了对流层高度,并用无线电探空资料对结果进行检验,分析了青藏高原地区对流层顶季节变化特征.结果表明,COSMIC掩星资料和无线电探空资料判定的对流层高度具有很高的线性相关关系,相关系数高达0.976,平均值偏差为0.448 km,...  相似文献   

A CASE STUDY OF THE UNCORRELATED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES AND STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR ANOMALIES     

韩元元  田文寿  张健恺  胡定珠  王飞洋  桑文军 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2018,24(3):356-368

Using the measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment(HALOE) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) Interim reanalysis data for the period 1994-2005, we analyzed the relationship between tropical tropopause temperature anomalies and stratospheric water vapor anomalies. It is found that tropical tropopause temperature is correlated with stratospheric water vapor, i.e., an anomalously high(low) tropical tropopause temperature corresponds to anomalously high(low) stratospheric water vapor during the period 1994-2005,except for 1996. The occurrence frequency and strength of deep convective activity during the‘mismatched'months is less and weaker than that during the‘matched'months in 1996. However, the instantaneous intensity of four short periods of deep convective activity, caused by strong surface cyclones and high sea surface temperatures, are greater during the ‘mismatched'months than during the ‘matched'months. Water vapor is transported from the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere through a strong tropical upwelling, leading to an increase in stratospheric water vapor. On the other hand, deep convective activity can lift the tropopause and cool its temperature. In short, the key factor responsible for the poor correlation between tropical tropopause temperature and stratospheric water vapor in1996 is the instantaneous strong deep convective activity. In addition, an anomalously strong Brewer-Dobson circulation brings more water vapor into the stratosphere during the‘mismatched'months in 1996, and this exacerbates the poor correlation between tropical tropopause temperature and stratospheric water vapor.  相似文献   

对流层顶气压与气温的年(代)际变率研究:冬季特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱保林  管兆勇 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(2):151-157

利用NCEP／NCAR再分析月平均对流层顶气压、气温资料，研究了1979-2002年冬季全球对流层顶气压、气温的年际和年代际变率。选取了冬季对流层项变率最大的区域来定义气压指数、气温指数。通过分析得到：（1）全球对流层项气压、气温随纬度的增加而增高，但在整个热带地区和高纬度地区对流层顶气压、气温的分布较均匀。在分析时段内全球平均的对流层顶气压呈下降趋势，气温呈降低趋势。这些从全球资料得到的结果支持了已有的从部分探空资料所得到的结果。（2）对流层顶变率最大值出现在北半球的副热带地区，最小值出现在低纬度地区。气压指数和气温指数显示出准13a及准3～6a的周期。在1992年以前准3a的周期变化较强，1989年后准6a较强，显示出年际变化的年代际差异。对流层项气压与对流层顶气温在全球大部分地区都呈显著正相关，但在热带和副极地的部分地区相关较弱。对流层顶气压与对流层平均气温在全球大部分地区都呈显著负相关，但在极地地区有正相关关系，显示了对流层顶与对流层内部变化关系的复杂性。  相似文献   

Observations of Streamers in the Troposphere and Stratosphere Using Ozone Lidar     

G. Vaughan  F. M. O'Connor  D. P. Wareing 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,38(3):295-315

We describe here a DIAL lidar system for atmospheric ozone measurements atAberystwyth, Wales, together witha method for deriving a stratospheric ozone profile from a single laserwavelength. Lidar measurements are used todepict the passage of three mesoscale ozone disturbances in the troposphereand stratosphere. In the troposphere, twosmall fold-like structures are shown beneath and at the edge of streamers ofhigh potential vorticity in ECMWFanalyses. MST radar measurements at the same time show that one of these foldswas actively turbulent, causingmixing of stratospheric and tropospheric air. In the stratosphere, a streamerof low-latitude air drawn into a filamentby a breaking Rossby wave event was observed crossing the lidar site.  相似文献   

The Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Reaction of Ozone with Combustion Soot: Implications for Reactivity near the Tropopause     

A. R. Chughtai  J. M. Kim  D. M. Smith 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,45(3):231-243

The effect of temperature (296–238 K) on the reaction of combustion soot (n-hexane) with ozone at low concentration (6–8 ppm) has been measured. Long optical path FTIR spectroscopy has revealed the rate law for ozone loss beyond initial stages, second order in O₃, to be the same over this range of conditions. The reaction rate is 3.5 times lower at 238 K than at 296 K, and reveals an activation energy of 12.9 ± 0.5 kJ mol^–1. The effect of humidity on the reaction has been estimated using its recently determined rate law dependence (p^0.2). These data, differing from O₃ reaction kinetics obtained from other types of carbonaceous particles used as surrogates for atmospheric soot, have implications for the role of combustion soot in atmospheric chemistry. Any involvement of aircraft soot in ozone depletion near the tropopause, for example, should be estimated using these temperature and humidity dependences.  相似文献   

In Situ Trace Gas and Particle Measurements in the Summer Lower Stratosphere during STREAM II: Implications for O3 Production     

A. Bregman  F. Arnold  V. Bürger  H. Fisher  J. Lelieveld  B. A. Scheeren  J. Schneider  P. C. Siegmund  J. Ström  A. Waibel  W. M. F. Wauben 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1997,26(3):275-310

In situ aircraft measurements of O₃, CO,HNO₃, and aerosol particles are presented,performed over the North Sea region in the summerlower stratosphere during the STREAM II campaign(Stratosphere Troposphere Experiments by AircraftMeasurements) in July 1994. Occasionally, high COconcentrations of 200-300 pbbv were measured in thelowermost stratosphere, together with relatively highHNO₃ concentrations up to 1.6 ppbv. The particlenumber concentration (at standard pressure andtemperature) between 0.018-1 m decreased acrossthe tropopause, from >1000 cm^-3 in the uppertroposphere to <500 cm^-3 in the lowermoststratosphere. Since the CO sources are found in thetroposphere, the elevated CO mixing ratios areattributed to mixing of polluted tropospheric air intothe lowermost extratropical stratosphere. Further wehave used a chemical model to illustrate that nitrogenoxide reservoir species (mainly HNO₃) determinethe availability of NO_x (=NO + NO₂) andtherefore largely control the total net O₃production in the lower kilometers of thestratosphere. Model simulations, applying additionalNO_x perturbations from aircraft, show that theO₃ production efficiency of NO_x is smallerthan previously assumed, under conditions withrelatively high HNO₃ mixing ratios, as observedduring STREAM II. The model simulations furthersuggest a relatively high O₃ productionefficiency from CO oxidation, as a result of therelatively high ambient HNO₃ and NO_xconcentrations, implying that upward transport of COrich air enhances O₃ production in the lowermoststratosphere. Analysis of the measurements and themodel calculations suggest that the lowermoststratosphere is a transition region in which thechemistry deviates from both the upper troposphere andlower stratosphere.  相似文献   

Simulation of Tropospheric Ozone with MOZART-2： An Evaluation Study over East Asia   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

LIU Qianxi  ZHANG Meigen  WANG Bin 《大气科学进展》2005,22(4):585-594

Climate changes induced by human activities have attracted a great amount of attention. With this, a coupling system of an atmospheric chemistry model and a climate model is greatly needed in China for better understanding the interaction between atmospheric chemical components and the climate. As the first step to realize this coupling goal, the three-dimensional global atmospheric chemistry transport model MOZART-2 (the global Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2) coupled with CAM2 (the Community Atmosphere Model, version 2) is set up and the model results are compared against observations obtained in East Asia in order to evaluate the model performance. Comparison of simulated ozone mixing ratios with ground level observations at Minamitorishima and Ryori and with ozonesonde data at Naha and Tateno in Japan shows that the observed ozone concentrations can be reproduced reasonably well at Minamitorishima but they tend to be slightly overestimated in winter and autumn while underestimated a little in summer at Ryori. The model also captures the general features of surface CO seasonal variations quite well, while it underestimates CO levels at both Minamitorishima and Ryori. The underestimation is primarily associated with the emission inventory adopted in this study. Compared with the ozonesonde data, the simulated vertical gradient and magnitude of ozone can be reasonably well simulated with a little overestimation in winter, especially in the upper troposphere. The model also generally captures the seasonal, latitudinal and altitudinal variations in ozone concentration. Analysis indicates that the underestimation of tropopause height in February contributes to the overestimation of winter ozone in the upper and middle troposphere at Tateno.  相似文献   

华南地区对流层顶和边界层顶高度特征分析     

杨坤琳  徐岩 《气象研究与应用》2020,(1):6-10

利用华南地区14个站点2010年1月1日至2015年12月31日六年逐日的L波段探空资料,对华南地区对流层顶、边界层顶的时空分布特征及其高度的变化特征进行分析。结果表明,华南地区平均对流层顶高度5月最高,8月最低,对流层顶的变化与夏季风爆发的时间节点有较好的对应;平均边界层顶高度3月最高,8月最低,沿海站点与内陆站点边界层顶高度变化规律明显不同;华南地区四季的平均边界层高度的空间分布与对流层顶高度的空间分布反相,西沙上空与广西西北部两块区域始终存在极值中心。  相似文献