Rainfall effect on wind waves and the turbulence beneath air-sea interface   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHAO Dongliang  MA Xin  LIU Bin  XIE Lian 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(11):10-20

Rainfall effects on wind waves and turbulence are investigated through the laboratory experiments in a large wind-wave tank. It is found that the wind waves are damped as a whole at low wind speeds, but are enhanced at high wind speeds. This dual effect of rain on the wind waves increases with the increase of rain rate, while the influence of rainfall-area length is not observable. At the low wind speed, the corresponding turbulence in terms of the turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） dissipation rate is significantly enhanced by rain- fall as the waves are damped severely. At the high wind speed, the augment of the TKE dissipation rate is suppressed while the wind waves are enhanced simultaneously. In the field, however, rainfall usually hin- ders the development of waves. In order to explain this contradiction of rainfall effect on waves, a possibility about energy transfer from turbulence to waves in case of the spectral peak of waves overlapping the inertial subrange of turbulence is assumed. It can be applied to interpret the damping phenomenon of gas trans- fer velocity in the laboratory experiments, and the variation of the TKE dissipation rates near sea surface compared with the law of wall.  相似文献   

The physical simulation of wave groups and their variations in a wave flume     

LIU Si  ZHANG Yongliang  LIU Shuxue  LI Jinxuan  XIA Zhisheng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(11):68-73

The physical simulation method of wave groups in a wave flume is proposed and verified by the exper- iments. The experimental results demonstrate that random waves with desired wave groupiness, which simultaneously includes the wave group height and length, can be generated satisfactorily at the specified position in a wave flume using the proposed method. Furthermore, the transformation properties of the wave groupiness along the fiat-bottomed wave flume are investigated based on the physically simulated waves. Associated proposals with the physical simulation of wave groups are given.  相似文献   

风暴浪作用下沙质岸滩稳定机制物理模型试验研究     

王俊  尤再进  梁丙臣 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(4):933-950

近年来风暴潮等海洋灾害日趋频发,沙质海岸侵蚀问题也愈发突出,沙滩稳定防护显得日益重要。为研究风暴浪作用下沙质岸滩稳定机制问题,设计了一系列的水槽试验,对风暴浪作用下沙质岸滩的稳定机制和演变过程进行了录像观察和研究分析。试验中采用图像处理技术,根据水和岸滩床面的像素值差异,对岸滩整体剖面进行实时动态提取;对比和分析了不同入射波高、波周期、水深、岸滩初始坡度以及波高连续变化下沙质岸滩演变过程。试验结果表明,岸滩稳定与岸滩初始坡度和沙坝的发育直接相关,而波参数主要影响岸滩扰动幅度和沙坝以及前滩侵蚀边界的位置变化。当入射波高连续变化时,沙坝迅速响应并向离岸迁移。岸滩变化幅值与入射波能流存在明显正相关关系,波能流越大对岸滩稳定性的危害越大。而水位升高会增强前滩向岸侵蚀风险。此外,在本试验尺度下,前滩以侵蚀为主。当岸滩初始坡度小于稳定坡度且波陡较小时,即Dean参数Ω''较小时,岸滩才发生明显的前滩淤积,这对于试验尺度下岸滩恢复工况研究至关重要。具体来说,当岸滩整体坡度为1:10且前滩坡度达到1:5~1:2.5时,岸滩稳定性最好,岸滩形态最接近最终平衡剖面,岸滩趋于稳定的时间最短。  相似文献   

空心块体水沙动力及泥沙淤积特性研究     

侯仲荃  石进  王宪业  郭磊城  谢卫明  徐凡  黄明毅  何青 《海洋学报》2022,44(5):124-133

空心块体具有良好的阻水和促淤功能,近年来被广泛用于生态修复工程。本文结合水槽试验及Flow-3D数值模拟,分析了开敞型和半封闭型空心块体的阻水效应和泥沙淤积特性。结果表明:空心块体的开孔率对内部水流流速、紊动强度起主导作用,开孔率较小的半开敞型空心块体减速、制紊效果更强;开敞型和半封闭型空心块体近底层悬沙浓度分别增大56%和75%,两者均有利于促进泥沙在块体内部淤积,近底层水流紊动越强,泥沙淤积形态差异越大;空心块体所营造的低流速、泥沙微淤、内外连通的水沙环境是大型底栖生物的生境需求,半封闭型空心块体内部的低紊动水流结构更有利于大型底栖生物的栖息、繁衍。  相似文献   

半球形多向波聚合波道振荡水柱气室优化设计     

杜小振  常恒  赵岩  王宇  郝振富 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,52(2):104-114

为了解决振动水柱式波浪能转换装置收集多向波浪问题,本文设计了半球形多向聚合波道振荡水柱气室结构,以适合远海单点波浪能采集和发电。在规则波正向入射条件下,基于流体仿真分析软件(FLUENT)、流体动力学连续性假设和粘性不可压缩流体动量守恒的运动方程(Navier-Stokes方程)建立半球形振荡气室和三维数值波浪水槽模型。仿真结果表明:增设气室后壁,合理设计波道开口角度实现多向迎波捕获波浪能,优化前壁形状可降低波浪触底反射带来的能量耗散,同时提高了气室内空气压强和出气口速度,有效提升波浪能俘获效率,为后续发电的二次能量转换提供高效的空气动力。  相似文献   

Damming of large river by debris flow: Dynamic process and particle composition     

Cui Du  Ling-kan Yao  Subhashsagar Shakya  Lun-gui Li  Xiao-dan Sun 《山地科学学报》2014,11(3):634-643

The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountain streams. In this paper, an equation for the run-out distance of debris flow in the main river is proposed based on the dynamic equation of debris flow at different slopes given by Takahashi. By undertaking field investigations and flume experiments, a new calculation method of the volume of debris flow damming large river is obtained. Using the percolation theory and the renormalization group theory it was deduced that the large particles should comprise more than 50% for forming a stable debris flow dam. Hence, the criteria of damming large river by debris flow is presented in terms of run-out distance and grain composition which was then validated through the event of damming river by debris flow at Gaojia gully, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan, China, on July 3, 2011.  相似文献   

河南熊耳山北部上观环形构造及其找矿意义     

赵留升  常云真  徐文超 《世界地质(英文版)》2014,(3)

河南省西部的熊耳山地区是重要的金成矿集中区,区内环形-线性构造与成矿存在耦合关系。本研究中对最新高分SPOT-5图像和Aster的遥感地质解译发现,熊耳山北部上观周围区域存在多个环形构造,主要发育于太华群古老变质岩和熊耳群火山岩中,南部附近为中生代花山岩体。环形构造集中分布,大环套小环、线性和环形构造交切。影像蚀变信息提取研究发现,环形构造周围及其内部发育较好的铁染异常和羟基异常,具有良好的找矿前景。附近和周围已知的金矿床和金矿点零星分布,但其遥感图像与熊耳山其他类似环形构造发育地区相比,影像特征更为典型,且成矿条件似更为优越,有可能成为熊耳山地区又一个金银成矿集中区。  相似文献   

波致液化粉质土有效应力变化的试验数据分析     

黄哲  许国辉  孟庆生  王刚 《海洋地质前沿》2014,30(4):45-50

海床不稳定性的现象很多都是海底液化引起的。根据之前的研究,粉土在液化之后有效应力会依然存在,关于波浪作用下海床液化之后有效应力变化的研究很少。采用波浪水槽实验,在未液化和液化2种情况下,分别施加不同波高的波浪,对底床各层位土体孔隙水压力进行采集,并对比研究。实验结果表明,液化后有效应力的相对值相对于液化前有很明显的减小,并且在深度上表现出显著的差异性,这种差异性随着波高的增大而减小。当相同深度处同一种波高作用一定时间时,有效应力会出现极大值,然后有效应力会减小。  相似文献   

Higher Harmonics Induced by Waves Propagating over A Submerged Obstacle in the Presence of Uniform Current   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宁德志  林红星  滕斌  邹青萍 《中国海洋工程》2014,(6):725-738

To investigate higher harmonics induced by a submerged obstacle in the presence of uniform current, a 2D fully nonlinear numerical wave flume（NWF） is developed by use of a time-domain higher-order boundary element method（HOBEM） based on potential flow theory. A four-point method is developed to decompose higher bound and free harmonic waves propagating upstream and downstream around the obstacle. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data for free harmonics induced by a submerged horizontal cylinder in the absence of currents. This serves as a benchmark to reveal the current effects on higher harmonic waves. The peak value of non-dimensional second free harmonic amplitude is shifted upstream for the opposing current relative to that for zero current with the variation of current-free incident wave amplitude, and it is vice versa for the following current. The second-order analysis shows a resonant behavior which is related to the ratio of the cylinder diameter to the second bound mode wavelength over the cylinder. The second-order resonant position slightly downshifted for the opposing current and upshifted for the following current.  相似文献   

水流作用下沉积物中多环芳烃的释放过程研究     

蒋文新  张光玉  赵益栋 《海洋通报》2014,33(4):413-418

采用环形水槽研究了沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的释放过程,通过测定水相PAHs浓度考察不同流速下沉积物中PAHs释放情况。试验结果表明,沉积物中PAHs释放速率和释放量受水流流速影响很大,总体上∑PAHs浓度随水流流速增加呈上升趋势,从开始静水时的5.602 ug/L增加到流速为60 cm/s时的22.158 ug/L;各层∑PAHs浓度随流速增加变化趋势有所不同,表层和中层∑PAHs浓度随水流流速的增加呈现上升后下降的趋势,当水流流速分别为20 cm/s和25 cm/s时,表层和中层最大浓度分别为1.816 ug/L和1.902 ug/L;底层呈逐渐上升的趋势。各物质随水流变化表现出的变化趋势略有不同,各层苊烯和蒽浓度随水流作用变化不大,萘、苊、菲、荧蒽、芘和屈随水流变化总体上呈现上升后下降的趋势。研究还发现沉积物再悬浮引起PAHs释放的同时伴随着沉积物对PAHs的吸附过程。  相似文献