Effect of lateral viscosity variations in the core-mantle boundary region on predictions of the long-wavelength geoid     

O. Čadek  L. Fleitout 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2006,50(2):217-232

Seismic studies of the lowermost mantle suggest that the core-mantle boundary (CMB) region is strongly laterally heterogeneous over both local and global scales. These heterogeneities are likely to be associated with significant lateral viscosity variations that may influence the shape of the long-wavelength non-hydrostatic geoid. In the present paper we investigate the effect of these lateral viscosity variations on the solution of the inverse problem known as the inferences of viscosity from the geoid. We find that the presence of lateral viscosity variations in the CMB region can significantly improve the percentage fit of the predicted data with observations (from 42 to 70% in case of free-air gravity) while the basic characterisics of the mantle viscosity model, namely the viscosity increase with depth and the rate of layering, remain more or less the same as in the case of the best-fitting radially symmetric viscosity models. Assuming that viscosity is laterally dependent in the CMB region, and radially dependent elsewhere, we determine the largescale features of the viscosity structure in the lowermost mantle. The viscosity pattern found for the CMB region shows a high density of hotspots above the regions of higher-than-average viscosity. This result suggests an important role for petrological heterogeneities in the lowermost mantle, potentially associated with a post-perovskite phase transition. Another potential interpretation is that the lateral viscosity variations derived for the CMB region correspond in reality to lateral variations in the mechanical conditions at the CMB boundary or to large-scale undulations of a chemically distinct layer at the lowermost mantle.  相似文献   

The influence of different rheological parameters on the surface deformation and stress field of the Aegean–Anatolian region     

Kasper D. Fischer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(2):239-249

The Aegean–Anatolian region is characterised by an inhomogeneous deformation pattern with high strain rates and a high seismicity both at the boundaries and in the plate interior. This pattern is controlled by the geometry and rheology of the structural units involved and their tectonic setting. A numerical analysis with a finite-element model of the region is used to quantify the influence of different rheological parameters. Viscoelastic material behaviour is implemented for the mantle lithosphere, whereas the crust is modelled with an elastic–plastic rheology. The variation of the inelastic material properties (viscosity and plastic strength) quantifies the influence of these material parameters on the deformation, stress, and strain patterns. Comparison of the modelled results with geodetic and geophysical observations reveals that the viscosity of the mantle lithosphere is the key to explaining the inhomogeneous deformation pattern. The best-fit model yields a viscosity of 10²⁰ Pa s beneath Anatolia, whereas adjacent regions have viscosities between 10²¹ and 10²³ Pa s. The model also explains the intra-plate seismicity and the stress field as well as its partitioning into regions with strike-slip and normal faulting. The final model is in good agreement with seismological, geodetic, and geological observations. Local deviations can be tracked down to small-scale structures, which are not included in the model.  相似文献   

高温硅酸盐熔体粘度与网络分数维值的相关性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐培苍  李如璧  尤静林 《地球化学》2005,34(3):291-296

对高温硅酸盐熔体粘度的估算一直是国际地学界热点问题之一,本文在研究了高温硅酸盐熔体网络分数维值的基础上,建立了估算熔体粘度的新模式 (简称 FD模式 ) ,阐明了熔体粘度值除了与温度成反比外,还与分子网络介观尺度的自相似比 ri 和分数维值 D相关,即与分子网络 (纳米尺度以上 )中的桥氧数 Ni成正比 (Ni∝ ) , 与单位硅氧四面体中的非桥氧数成反比.经对 4个硅酸盐系列高温熔体的粘度测定证实, FD模式的理论计算值与实测值吻合,且优于现今国际通用的 VTF模式.为探索岩浆迁移演化规律和完善新型低维材料的性能提供了新的理论依据.  相似文献   

The effects of a composite non-Newtonian and Newtonian rheology on mantle convection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Arie P. van den  Berg  Peter E. van  Keken David A. Yuen 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(1):62-78

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Glacial rebound of the British Isles—I. Preliminary model results     

Kurt Lambeck 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):941-959

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On lateral viscosity contrast in the mantle and the rheology of low-frequency geodynamics   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Erik R. Ivins  Charles G. Sammis 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,123(2):305-322

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Limitations of Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of Micro‐Flows in Complex Nanopores     

ZUO Hong  DENG Shouchun  LI Haibo 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(6):1808-1822

The multiscale transport mechanism of methane in unconventional reservoirs is dominated by slip and transition flows resulting from the ultra-low permeability of micro/nano-scale pores, which requires consideration of the microscale and rarefaction effects. Traditional continuum-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) becomes problematic when modeling micro-gaseous flow in these multiscale pore networks because of its disadvantages in the treatment of cases with a complicated boundary. As an alternative, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), a special discrete form of the Boltzmann equation, has been widely applied to model the multi-scale and multi-mechanism flows in unconventional reservoirs, considering its mesoscopic nature and advantages in simulating gas flows in complex porous media. Consequently, numerous LBM models and slip boundary schemes have been proposed and reported in the literature. This study investigates the predominately reported LBM models and kinetic boundary schemes. The results of these LBM models systematically compare to existing experimental results, analytical solutions of Navier-Stokes, solutions of the Boltzmann equation, direct simulation of Monte Carlo (DSMC) and information-preservation DSMC (IP_DSMC) results, as well as the numerical results of the linearized Boltzmann equation by the discrete velocity method (DVM). The results point out the challenges and limitations of existing multiple-relaxation-times LBM models in predicting micro-gaseous flow in unconventional reservoirs.  相似文献   

海带的碳酸钠消解过程动力学     

代云法  陈晓琳  刘天中 《海洋科学》2012,36(4):37-42

以海带为原料,考察了消解反应温度、碳酸钠浓度、搅拌速度及海带块尺寸对消解反应动力学、褐藻胶收率及产品黏度的影响。结果表明,随温度、碳酸钠浓度、搅拌速度的升高,消解反应速度明显加快,褐藻胶提取速率随之增大。海带块大小对反应速率也存在一定的影响,海带块越小,褐藻酸钠提取反应速率越快。确定的较佳消解条件为：Na2C03浓度为0．5％,消解温度为60℃,搅拌速度200r／min,海带块尺寸为20mm。在此条件下,产品的产率可超过22％,黏度超过了20000mPa·S。研究结果为优化传统海带消解工艺,节约碱耗,缩短反应时间、提高产品收率和品质提供了参考。  相似文献   

考虑黏度时变性的水泥浆液盾构壁后注浆扩散规律及管片压力模型的试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘健  张载松  韩烨  吴星 《岩土力学》2015,36(2):361-368

对水泥浆液黏度时变性进行了试验研究,证实了工程常用水灰比范围内水泥浆液服从宾汉姆流体特性;不同水灰比浆液黏度均随注浆时间增大而大幅度增加。根据试验结果,考虑注浆过程中水泥浆液黏度随时间的变化,对盾构壁后注浆水泥浆液的扩散规律及因注浆而造成的管片压力进行了推导及分析。计算表明：相同注浆时间条件下,水泥浆液扩散半径及注浆对管片产生的压力值均随注浆压力的增大而增大。考虑浆液黏度时变性后,扩散半径、注浆对管片压力值等均较不考虑浆液时变性时减小,且随注浆压力的增大,浆液黏度变化对管片压力值的影响更加明显。相同注浆压力条件下,浆液扩散半径及对管片产生的压力值均随注浆时间的增长而增加,但注浆前期增长速度较快,而后逐渐减缓。研究成果对于盾构壁后注浆工艺选择及参数设计具有较大的指导意义。  相似文献   

弹塑性介质内的波速变化     

赵纪生  陶夏新  欧进萍  师黎静 《岩土力学》2008,29(1):149-154

应用一个具体问题展开了波在固体在弹性、弹塑性和应变局部化阶段的传播特性的研究。当经典本构计算到材料出现应变局部化时失效、控制方程出现分叉现象时,非局部效应本构描述得以继续分析,破坏过程变形进一步体现。本构内引入梯度项的贡献,以牺牲了特高频率( )特性为代价,增强了控制方程的稳定性。阻尼的影响复杂得多,考虑滞变阻尼、且仅与质量有关时,阻尼对控制方程的稳定性没有贡献。如果阻尼考虑为与质量和刚度联合相关时,阻尼对控制方程稳定性是有一定的贡献。  相似文献