Orthonormal residuals in geostatistics: Model criticism and parameter estimation     

Peter K. Kitanidis 《Mathematical Geology》1991,23(5):741-758

In linear geostatistics, models for the mean function (drift) and the variogram or generalized covariance function are selected on the basis of the modeler's understanding of the phenomenon studied as well as data. One can seldom be assured that the most appropriate model has been selected; however, analysis of residuals is helpful in diagnosing whether some important characteristic of the data has been neglected and, ultimately, in providing a reasonable degree of assurance that the selected model is consistent with the available information. The orthonormal residuals presented in this work are kriging errors constructed so that, when the correct model is used, they are uncorrelated and have zero mean and unit variance. It is suggested that testing of orthonormal residuals is a practical way for evaluating the agreement of the model with the data and for diagnosing model deficiencies. Their advantages over the usually employed standardized residuals are discussed. A set of tests are presented. Orthonormal residuals can also be useful in the estimation of the covariance (or variogram) parameters for a model that is considered correct.  相似文献   

储层非均匀性的分形表征技术   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

侯贵廷 《地质科技情报》1993,(3)

系统总结了国外近年来利用分形理论定量表征储层非均匀性方面的进展情况。指出分形理论是储层表征的有力工具,解决了复杂储层定量描述的难题,使储集性预测更可靠更准确。储层具有分形性质,有助于定量地将地质模型与数学模型有机结合起来,对油田开发具有重大意义。  相似文献   

A Study of Spatial Variability on Aquifer Hydraulic Conductivity K   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chaolunbagen  Hetai  Liu TingxiDept. of Water Conservancy  Inner M ongolia College of Agriculture  Animal Husbandry  Hohhot  Nei M ongol Shang Ruoyun 《《地质学报》英文版》1995,69(2):197-207

A structural analysis of K of an aquifer system in the study area is presented, and the main direction and degree of the variability of K are found by using the unstationary regionalized variable theory of geostatistics. Optimal estimation of K has been made by universal kriging method (U K M ). Both spatial variability distribution map and division map of K are given.  相似文献   

Infill-sampling design and the Cost of classification errors   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

David Aspie  Randal J. Barnes 《Mathematical Geology》1990,22(8):915-932

The criterion used to select infill sample locations should depend on the sampling objective. Minimizing the global estimation variance is the most widely used criterion and is suitable for many problems. However, when the objective of the sampling program is to partition an area of interest into zones of high values and zones of low values, minimizing the expected cost of classification errors is a more appropriate criterion. Unlike the global estimation variance, the cost of classification errors incorporates both the sample locations and the sample values into an objective infill-sampling design criterion.  相似文献   

地质统计学储量估算中块尺寸的合理选择     

张延凯  李克庆  杨诗海  李迪  宫明山 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(1)

在矿产勘查、矿山设计、生产及管理等各阶段都需要进行资源储量估算的工作。地质统计学方法相对于传统储量估算方法具有明显优势,在资源储量估算中获得了广泛的应用。估值过程中单元块尺寸的合理选择对储量估算结果至关重要,然而,在以往实践中块尺寸通常根据经验或主观判断进行选择,缺乏科学依据。本文在总结前人工作及地质统计学资源储量估算经验的基础上,将块尺寸的选取问题明确地划分为勘探阶段和生产阶段。针对不同阶段的特点,重点讨论了块尺寸与品位、储量、估计精度、选别开采单元的关系,为块尺寸的合理选择提供参考。并以某特大型钼矿为工程背景,进行了深度解析及数据实验,得出了块尺寸不仅影响资源品位分布、矿石量而且影响开采技术经济指标的结论,综合考虑估计精度和选别开采单元,推荐该矿床选择15m×15m×15m的单元块尺寸进行储量估算。  相似文献   

基于MODFLOW参数不确定性的地下水水流数值模拟方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

束龙仓  许杨  吴佩鹏 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,(6):1803-1809

考虑到模型不确定性引起的地下水数值模拟不确定性对模拟过程的影响,在简要介绍含水层水文地质参数变异性研究进展和地质统计学的基础上,基于常用的确定性地下水流数值模拟软件MODFLOW开发了MODFLOW-Gslib软件,相较于传统的数值模拟方法,将地质统计学与数值模拟结合的方法能够模拟非均质含水层中的参数变异性问题。将MODFLOW-Gslib软件运用于模拟实例中,选择常见的不确定性因素进行模拟,并对其模拟产生的数据进行统计分析,结果表明,软件转化后的参数符合水文地质参数不确定性的相关特征;与原模拟结果进行对比,该软件能够更加真实地刻画含水层参数变异性特征。  相似文献   

黑河下游土壤盐分分布特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

赵玉  冯起  李会亚 《中国沙漠》2017,37(6):1196-1203

采用黑河下游面域土壤信息调研数据,结合层次聚类和地统计分析等方法,探讨黑河下游土壤盐分在水平方向和垂直方向上的变异特征,揭示黑河下游土壤盐渍化的程度和状态。结果表明：研究区土壤盐分表聚特征明显。土壤盐分及离子组分含量存在很强的变异性,变异系数0.42~1.99。黑河下游土壤盐渍化类型主要为氯化物-硫酸盐型,土壤盐渍化程度较为严重,盐土占比高达42.87%。从土壤盐分在水平方向上的变异特征来看,表土层土壤全盐在一定的区域范围内具有空间结构特征,符合球状模型分布,空间分布表现为斑块状格局。从土壤盐分在垂直方向上的变异特征来看,研究区土壤盐分剖面类型可分为表聚型、均匀型、振荡型和底聚型。  相似文献   

基于地质统计学纹理特征的遥感影像分类方法研究     

李小涛  潘世兵  宋小宁 《地理与地理信息科学》2009,25(2)

介绍地质统计学的原理与方法,论述了地质统计学应用于遥感影像描述及纹理提取的有效性,并将地质统计学变差函数得到的遥感影像纹理信息与其光谱信息相结合进行遥感影像分类试验,结果表明,辅以地质统计学纹理特征的遥感影像分类方法能够明显提高分类精度.  相似文献   

祁连山退化高寒草甸土壤水分空间变异特征分析   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

张泉  刘咏梅  杨勤科  王雷  莫重辉  李京忠 《冰川冻土》2014,36(1):88-94

利用传统统计学方法和地统计学方法,对祁连山地区受到过度放牧影响而退化为以狼毒为优势种的高寒草甸的土壤水分垂直变异特征、水平空间异质性以及分布特征进行了系统分析. 结果表明：在垂直方向上,0~100 cm土壤水分含量随深度的增加而逐渐减少,土壤水分含量的变化速度随深度的增加也趋于减少;土壤水分分布的变异系数在浅层和深层土壤较大,在中层土壤较小. 在水平方向上,0~40 cm土壤水分具有中等空间变异性,其中10~20 cm土壤水分变异性主要受根系的影响,随机部分引起的变异性最大;而在其他土壤层,随着深度的增加土壤水分含量由随机部分引起的空间异质性程度减弱,由空间自相关部分引起的异质性程度增强. 整体上,土壤水分含量与微地形关系密切,与距离溪流的远近程度正相关,与高程分布负相关.  相似文献   

Sediment variability and transport in the littoral area of the abandoned Yellow River Delta,northern Jiangsu   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lin Zhang  Shenliang Chen  Shunqi Pan  Liang Yi  Chao Jiang 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(4):717-730

The delta evolution and erosion process of the abandoned Yellow River Delta (AYRD) have been extensively studied. However, the variation of sediment at a large littoral scale along the north coast of Jiangsu is less understood. In this study, the data of surface sediment samples obtained in the littoral area of the Yellow River Delta in 2006 and 2012 is used to study the sediment variability and sediment transport trends by using the geostatistics analysis tool and the grain size trend analysis model. In order to ensure the applicability of the model, the geostatistics method is used to determine the characteristic distance (D _c) with the average range value (Ao) of grain size parameter. Filtering method (removing data that not at a sampling station) is used to improve accuracy of data selection. The results show that sedimentary spatial correlation in Lianyun Port area and southern part of the abandoned Yellow River Delta (AS) is better than that in the northern part of the abandoned Yellow River Delta (AN). Sediment in the area is found to be anisotropy at the northeast-southeast direction. The grain size trend analysis reveals that the sediment trend is towards bayhead and southerly in the Haizhou Bay, southeasterly along the shoreline in the south Lianyun Port, northwesterly in AN and easterly-southeasterly in AS respectively. The investigation of possible relationships between D _c, Ao, sediment transport and delta evolution shows a close link between D _c and Ao of one sediment combination. It is also found that sediment transport trends could reasonably represent the delta evolution to a certain degree.  相似文献