On an improvement of a nonlinear iterative scheme for nonlinear wave profile prediction     

T.S. Jang  S.H. Kwon  B.J. Kim 《Ocean Engineering》2006,33(11-12):1552-1564

The authors of the present paper present an iterative scheme to calculate the nonlinear wave profiles [Jang, T.S., Kwon, S.H., 2005. Application of nonlinear iteration scheme to the nonlinear water wave problem: Stokian wave. Ocean Engineering, in press]. The nonlinear operator was constructed from the dynamic boundary condition of the free surface. The initial input of the iterative process was linear potential. The linear dispersion relation was utilized. The authors of the present paper suggest an improved scheme in terms of accuracy and speed of convergence by utilizing the nonlinear dispersion relation. The existence and uniqueness of the improved scheme are illustrated in this paper. The calculation results together with Fast Fourier transform revealed that the improved scheme made it possible to predict higher-order nonlinear characteristics of the Stokes’ wave.  相似文献   

Physical dynamics and biological implications of a mesoscale eddy in the lee of Hawai’i: Cyclone Opal observations during E-Flux III     

Francesco Nencioli  Victor S. Kuwahara  Tommy D. Dickey  Yoshimi M. Rii  Robert R. Bidigare 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(10-13):1252

E-Flux III (March 10–28, 2005) was the third and last field experiment of the E-Flux project. The main goal of the project was to investigate the physical, biological and chemical characteristics of mesoscale eddies that form in the lee of Maui and the Island of Hawai’i, focusing on the physical–biogeochemical interactions. The primary focus of E-Flux III was the cyclonic cold-core eddy Opal, which first appeared in the NOAA GOES sea-surface temperature (SST) imagery during the second half of February 2005. During the experiment, Cyclone Opal moved over 160 km, generally southward. Thus, the sampling design had to be constantly adjusted in order to obtain quasi-synoptic observations of the eddy. Analyses of ship transect-depth profiles of CTD, optical and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data revealed a well-developed feature characterized by a fairly symmetric circular shape with a radius of about 80 km. Depth profiles of temperature, salinity and density were characterized by an intense doming of isothermal, isohaline and isopycnal surfaces. Isopleths of nutrient concentrations were roughly parallel to isopycnals, indicating the upwelling of deep nutrient-rich water. The deep chlorophyll maximum layer (DCML) shoaled from a depth of about 130 m in the outer regions of the eddy to about 60 m in the center. Chlorophyll concentrations reached their maximum values in Opal's core region (about 40 km in diameter), where nutrients were upwelled into the euphotic layer. ADCP velocity data clearly showed the cyclonic circulation associated with Opal. Vertical sections of tangential velocities were characterized by values that increased linearly with radial distance from near zero close to the center to a maximum of about at roughly 25 km from the center, and then slowly decayed. The vertical extent of the cyclonic circulation was primarily limited to the upper mixed layer, as tangential velocities decayed quite rapidly within a depth range of 90–130 m. Potential vorticity analysis suggests that only a relatively small (about 50 km in diameter) and shallow (to a depth of approximately 70 m) portion of the eddy is isolated from the surrounding waters. Radial movements of water can occur between the center of the eddy and the outer regions along density surfaces within an isopycnal range of σ–t_23.6 () and σ–t_24.4 (). Thus the biogeochemistry of the system might have been greatly influenced by these lateral exchanges of water at depth, especially during Opal's southward migration. While the eddy was translating, deep water in front of the eddy might have been upwelled into the core region, leading to an additional injection of nutrients into the euphotic zone. At the same time, part of the chlorophyll-rich waters in the core region might have remained behind the translating eddy and, thus contributed to the formation of an eddy wake characterized by relatively high chlorophyll concentrations.  相似文献   

Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Reference Materials for the Analysis of Water Inclusions in Halite     

Thomas Rigaudier  Véronique Gardien  François Martineau  Ghislaine Reverdy  Christophe Lécuyer 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2012,36(1):51-59

Fluid inclusions represent a unique opportunity for a straightforward determination of the chemical and isotopic composition of fluids that composed the hydrosphere and atmosphere over Earth’s history. The production of reference materials in the laboratory is needed to monitor and to validate the determination of hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of water inclusions. We propose a protocol leading to the experimental synthesis of halite crystals that contain water inclusions whose δD and δ¹⁸O values can be related to those of surrounding evaporating waters where the crystals grew. Corrections to isotopic measurements were performed by applying an orthogonal projection of the raw data to the water evaporation trajectory line whose slope can be predicted by taking into account the parameters developed in the linear resistance model of Craig and Gordon (1965). Several hundreds of grams of halite reference material can be produced rapidly (within 2 d) at a low cost and can be stored within a vacuum desiccator at ambient temperature over several months or years. The described method is especially useful for the analysis of anhydrous salts and the interpretation of isotopic fractionations that operate within the surficial water cycle.  相似文献   

基于网络药理学探讨麻杏苡甘汤加味抗新型冠状病毒肺炎的作用机制          下载免费PDF全文

赵越  张振  郜文辉 《应用海洋学学报》2021,37(6):156

目的：探讨麻杏苡甘汤加味治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的分子靶标及可能的机制。方法：从TCMSP以及BATMAN-TCM数据库中按照一定规定方法挑选出麻杏苡甘汤加味的活性成分及主要分子靶标。从OMIM及GeneCards中获得COVID-19的靶点。利用Bioinformatics & Evolutionary Genomics平台获得麻杏苡甘汤加味-COVID-19的共同靶点,然后将共同目标靶点导入STRING数据库,获得蛋白质网络模型,构建“有效成分－靶标”网络,并对共同目标靶点进行GO富集分析和KEGG富集分析。结果：麻杏苡甘汤加味中有118个活性成分可能通过46个靶点发挥抗COVID-19作用,GO富集分析及KEGG富集分析显示麻杏苡甘汤加味在治疗COVID-19的过程中,主要是通过影响脂多糖、细菌源分子、金属离子作用于氧化应激、凋亡信号通路等生物过程。方中的有效活性物质主要通过AGE-RAGE、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、白细胞介素（IL）-17等信号通路,影响细胞因子与配体的有效结合、磷酸酶的生成、血红素集合等有关。结论：麻杏苡甘汤加味中有118种成分具有抗COVID-19的作用,这些分子可能的作用机制为影响血管通透性及凝血组织因子基因的表达、抗病毒、抗炎,从而缓解新冠病毒所致的肺损伤以及凝血功能障碍、微小血栓形成等。  相似文献   

A 450-kyr record of hydrological conditions on the western Agulhas Bank Slope, south of Africa     

A. J. Rau  J. Rogers  J. R. E. Lutjeharms  J. Giraudeau  J. A. Lee-Thorp  M. -T. Chen  C. Waelbroeck 《Marine Geology》2002,180(1-4):183-201

The Agulhas Bank region, south of Africa, is an oceanographically important and complex area. The leakage of warm saline Indian Ocean water into the South Atlantic around the southern tip of Africa is a crucial factor in the global thermohaline circulation. Foraminiferal assemblage, stable isotope and sedimentological data from the top 10 m of core MD962080, recovered from the western Agulhas Bank Slope, are used to indicate changes in water mass circulation in the southeastern South Atlantic for the last 450 kyr. Sedimentological and planktonic foraminiferal data give clear signals of cold water intrusions. The benthic stable isotope record provides the stratigraphic framework and indicates that the last four climatic cycles are represented (i.e. down to marine isotope stage (MIS) 12). The planktonic foraminiferal assemblages bear a clear transitional to subantarctic character with Globorotalia inflata and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (dextral) being the dominant taxa. Input of cold, subantarctic waters into the region by means of leakage through the Subtropical Convergence, as part of Agulhas ring shedding, and a general cooling of surface waters is suggested by increased occurrence of the subantarctic assemblage during glacial periods. Variable input of Indian Ocean waters via the Agulhas Current is indicated by the presence of tropical/subtropical planktonic foraminiferal species Globoquadrina dutertrei, Globigerinoides ruber (alba) and Globorotalia menardii with maximum leakage occurring at glacial terminations. The continuous presence of G. menardii throughout the core suggests that the exchange of water from the South Indian Ocean to the South Atlantic Ocean was never entirely obstructed in the last 450 kyr. The benthic carbon isotope record and sediment textural data reflect a change in bottom water masses over the core location from North Atlantic Deep Water to Upper Southern Component Water. Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages and sediment composition indicate a profound change in surface water conditions over the core site approximately 200–250 kyr BP, during MIS 7, from mixed subantarctic and transitional water masses to overall warmer surface water conditions.  相似文献   

A Late-glacial colluvial sequence at Watcombe Bottom,Ventnor, Isle of Wight,England     

R. C. Preece  R. A. Kemp  J. N. Hutchinson 《第四纪科学杂志》1995,10(2):107-121

In a dry valley near Ventnor, Isle of Wight, thick subaerial slope deposits of Devensian Late-glacial age overlie the Chalk. The deposits are crudely stratified chalk muds and rubble produced by frost-shattering, and moved downslope by the release of water from melting snow-fields and frozen ground. A laterally extensive humic horizon of a rendzina soil occurs within the sequence, clearly reflecting a period of relative slope stability. In places this horizon divides and its upper surface appears to have been disturbed, possibly by cryoturbation. Micromorphological and other analyses confirm the pedogenic origin of this humic horizon, but also demonstrate the occurrence of pedological features both above and below it. The humic horizon therefore is not a ‘buried’ soil in the strictest sense, but is part of a vertical sequence representing a single complex soil with transported, accretionary and welded components. Molluscan analyses reveal that the sequence can be divided into four local mollusc zones, showing a progressive increase in faunal diversity throughout the profile. This succession is broadly similar to other Late-glacial sequences described from south-east England. Minute fragments of charcoal from the lower part of the humic horizon have yielded an AMS date of 11690 ± 120 vr BP, demonstrating formation during the ‘Allerød phase’ of the Late-glacial Interstadial. This humic horizon is correlated provisionally with the ‘Pitstone Soil’, even though existing dates from its type-site in Buckinghamshire are somewhat younger.  相似文献   

Secondary school student perspectives on community resilience in Grey District          下载免费PDF全文

Ann Pomeroy  Peter Holland 《New Zealand geographer》2016,72(1):57-68

For a national competition supported by the New Zealand Board of Geography Teachers, secondary school students in years 10–13 were asked to identify and investigate factors that were building community resilience in their home areas, and the entries provided young people's perspectives on how well individuals, families and communities ‘bounce back’, adapt, change and become stronger following an adverse event. This article concerns the findings of students at Greymouth High School. Their entries showed that community resilience in Grey District depended on individual and collective capacity for action. The greater their involvement in community affairs and projects, the more likely individuals and families were to form networks and participate in communal activities. In Greymouth, as elsewhere in New Zealand, membership of voluntary organisations and participation in planning for, and responding to, catastrophic events has helped residents respond effectively in times of adversity and has enhanced community resilience.  相似文献   

2019年6月17日长宁M_S6.0地震序列震源区二维构造应力场特征研究     

田建慧  罗艳 《地震》2022,42(1):1-17

使用近震波形反演方法求解2019年6月17日四川长宁Ms6.0地震序列的震源机制解和震源深度, 共得到30个可靠的M>3.0地震震源机制解和震源深度, 结合该地区已有的震源机制解, 开展震源区构造应力场反演, 小尺度探讨震源区的构造应力环境。 反演结果显示, 震中附近区域主要以逆冲型应力性质为主, 局部地区包括少量走滑分量以及混合类型。 最大主压应力方向主要以NEE向或NE向为主。 在筠连以东地区, 不同于北部的逆冲型, 应力性质以走滑型兼少量混合类型为主, 最大主压应力方向近EW向。 构造应力场方向与形成长宁背斜的构造应力存在一定交角, 2019年长宁6.0级地震可能是由NE或NEE向近水平应力挤压产生的该地区滑脱面之上背斜核部的逆断层活动造成的。  相似文献   

DORIS applications for solid earth and atmospheric sciences   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pascal Willis  Laurent Soudarin  Christian Jayles  Lucie Rolland 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2007,339(16):949-959

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Power geometries: Social networks and the 1930s multinational corporate elite     

Mark Brayshay  Mark Cleary  John Selwood   《Geoforum》2006,37(6):986-998

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