排序方式： 共有58条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Mary Jo Alfano Eric J BarronDavid Pollard Brian HuntleyJudy R.M Allen 《Quaternary Research》2003,59(1):97-107
Oxygen isotope stage 3 (OIS3), an interstade between approximately 60,000 and 25,000 yr B.P., presents an ideal opportunity to compare high-resolution climate simulations with the geologic record. To facilitate this comparison, the results of a mesoscale climate model (RegCM2) embedded in the GENESIS GCM are utilized to drive a vegetation model (BIOME 3.5). The BIOME output is then compared with OIS3 compilations derived from pollen. The simulated biomes agree well with the pollen-based biomes in southern Europe; however, disagreements occur in the northern part of the domain. The most striking mismatch involves the distribution of tundra. The models fail to have tundra extend to its observed position as far south as 50°N in central Europe during OIS3. The model also fails to have permafrost extend southward to its observed position between 50°N and 55°N in western Europe during OIS3. A variety of sensitivity experiments are performed to investigate these mismatches. These experiments demonstrate the importance of annual and summer temperatures and the length of the winter season in creating improved matches between the model results and the inferred distributions of vegetation and permafrost in northern Europe. 相似文献
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利用位于季节冻土区的中国科学院那曲高寒气候环境观测研究站那曲/BJ观测点的野外观测数据,通过CLM4.5的单点模拟实验,分析评估了Luo土壤热导率参数化方案、Johansen土壤热导率参数化方案、Coté土壤热导率参数化方案和虚温参数化方案对土壤温、湿度的模拟能力,为将来选取最优的参数及参数化方案来更合理的模拟青藏高原土壤冻融过程为目的的工作提供依据。结果表明:(1)三种土壤热导率参数化方案模拟结果的土壤热传导率有明显差异,其中Coté方案的土壤热传导率最高,Luo方案的土壤热传导率最低。(2)三种热传导率方案均能合理地模拟出土壤温湿度的日变化趋势,Johansen方案对土壤温度年变化趋势模拟的更好,Coté方案对土壤温度模拟的数值较观测值偏离的更小,Luo方案对土壤湿度的模拟更好。(3)加入虚拟温度方程,并引入相变效率参数后,减少了模式对土壤湿度模拟的负偏差,Y-L方案在保持土壤温度较好模拟能力的基础上,能够进一步的提升土壤湿度的模拟能力。 相似文献
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Improving Simulation of the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle of China in Version 4.5 of the Community Land Model Using a Revised Vcmax Scheme 
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下载免费PDF全文 The maximum rate of carboxylation(Vcmax) is a key photosynthetic parameter for gross primary production(GPP) estimation in terrestrial biosphere models. A set of observation-based Vcmax values, which take the nitrogen limitation on photosynthetic rates into consideration, are used in version 4.5 of the Community Land Model(CLM4.5). However, CLM4.5 with carbon-nitrogen(CN) biogeochemistry(CLM4.5-CN) still uses an independent decay coefficient for nitrogen after the photosynthesis calculation. This means that the nitrogen limitation on the carbon cycle is accounted for twice when CN biogeochemistry is active. Therefore, to avoid this double nitrogen down-regulation in CLM4.5-CN, the original Vcmax scheme is revised with a new one that only accounts for the transition between Vcmax and its potential value(without nitrogen limitation). Compared to flux towerbased observations, the new Vcmax scheme reduces the root-mean-square error(RMSE) in GPP for mainland China by 13.7 g C m-2 yr-1, with a larger decrease over humid areas(39.2 g C m-2 yr-1). Moreover, net primary production and leaf area index are also improved, with reductions in RMSE by 0.8% and 11.5%, respectively. 相似文献
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农牧交错带具有草地、裸地、农田大面积相互镶嵌的独特下垫面,其地表水热过程变化复杂,亟需深入研究。利用宁夏盐池站2017年实际观测资料,对陆面过程模式CLM4.5的模拟性能进行检验。结果表明,在复杂下垫面下,CLM4.5仍能较好地模拟出草地的地面反射辐射、地面长波辐射和净辐射以及0~10 cm土壤含水量和温度的变化特征,但模拟值与观测值还存在一定偏差。CLM4.5能模拟出辐射通量的日变化特征,除5月外,地面反射辐射模拟值与观测值之间的偏差较小。地面长波辐射模拟值白天偏高,净辐射观测值与模拟值的相关系数为0.99,均方根误差为22.50 W·m^-2。土壤含水量观测值与模拟值的相关系数达0.83,但模拟值偏低,且模式对降雨后土壤含水量变化过程的模拟性能有待提高。土壤温度模拟值的日变化特征较为明显,观测值与模拟值的相关系数为0.98,均方根误差为2.82℃。 相似文献
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为探究陆气系统对于冠层截留过程敏的感性,研究基于NCAR CAM-CLM陆气耦合模式探讨了截留参数对于全球陆地蒸发、降水、径流及气温的可能影响,揭示了冠层截留与植被光合作用之间的潜在联系。通过GLEAMv3.0a陆面蒸散发数据评估了CLM4.5冠层截留方案,并指出该方案高估了低茎叶面积指数植被的冠层蒸发,而低估了高茎叶面积指数植被的冠层蒸发。在CLM4.5中引入冠层截留偏差校正方案则可在一定程度上提高了全球林区冠层蒸发和陆面蒸散发的模拟能力。 相似文献
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The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is well known and widely used in land data assimilation for its high precision and simple operation. The land surface models used as the forecast operator in a land data assimilation system are usually designed to consider the model subgrid-heterogeneity and soil water thawing and freezing. To neglect their effects could lead to some errors in soil moisture assimilation. The dual EnKF method is employed in soil moisture data assimilation to build a soil moisture data as- similation framework based on the NCAR Community Land Model version 2.0 (CLM 2.0) in considera- tion of the effects of the model subgrid-heterogeneity and soil water thawing and freezing: Liquid volumetric soil moisture content in a given fraction is assimilated through the state filter process, while solid volumetric soil moisture content in the same fraction and solid/liquid volumetric soil moisture in the other fractions are optimized by the parameter filter. Preliminary experiments show that this dual EnKF-based assimilation framework can assimilate soil moisture more effectively and precisely than the usual EnKF-based assimilation framework without considering the model subgrid-scale heteroge- neity and soil water thawing and freezing. With the improvement of soil moisture simulation, the soil temperature-simulated precision can be also improved to some extent. 相似文献
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CLM3和SHAW模式在青藏高原中部NMQ站的模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用那曲地区NMQ站2010年11月1日至2011年7月26日的观测资料作为通用陆面过程模式CLM3.0和水热耦合模式SHAW的大气强迫, 在青藏高原中部季节冻土区进行了单点模拟研究.在参照观测资料的基础上, 对两个陆面模式的模拟结果对比发现: SHAW模式和CLM3.0模式模拟的向上短波辐射和向下长波辐射值基本相近或重合, 但两个模式均未考虑新雪存在对向上短波辐射的影响, 以及青藏高原日冻融循环过程中潜热释放对向上长波辐射的影响.此外, SHAW模式和CLM3.0模式均能模拟各层土壤温度的逐日变化, 均是上层土壤的模拟效果较下层好; 相比SHAW模式, CLM3.0各层土壤温度的模拟值更接近于实测值.对土壤含水量的模拟而言, 60 cm以上(包括60 cm)SHAW模式和CLM3.0模式各有其优缺点, 60 cm以下SHAW模式的模拟结果要好于CLM3.0, 尤其是土壤冻结和消融时段的模拟结果. 相似文献