湘江株州至洞庭湖口江段现代沉积速率研究     

王东坡  陈宗团  汪碧华 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1987,(1)

本文采用沉积物剖面上的韵律与冲刷面特征,微量元素垂向分布特征和~(210)Pb 测龄法三者相结合的方法,测定了湘江株州至洞庭湖口河流沉积物的沉积速率。该江段不同地点的沉积速率在不同时期是各异的,但20年来总的年平均速率是4.5—5.5cm/年,略高于洞庭湖口的沉积速率(4.2cm/年)。  相似文献   

Failure mechanisms and characteristics of the 2016 catastrophic rockslide at Su village,Lishui, China     

Chaojun Ouyang  Wei Zhao  Qiang Xu  Dalei Peng  Weile Li  Dongpo Wang  Shu Zhou  Shunwei Hou 《Landslides》2018,15(7):1391-1400

This paper describes a recent large rockslide, which occurred at Su village in Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China, on September 28, 2016. In the past decade, a vegetation-free deformed surface was clearly visible and frequent rockfalls were noticed. Due to strong sustained rainfall, approximately 0.4 million m³ of granite blocks rapidly descended from the upper part of the hillside. The mass rushed into the V-shaped valley resulting in the formation of a barrier dam and dammed lake. The catastrophic rockslide caused 27 deaths and more than 20 houses were destroyed. The evolutionary process before the rockslide is clearly captured by high-resolution remote sensing images and photos. Video of the rockslide and field investigations show entrainment of superficial material in the middle and lower parts of the slope.  相似文献   

Measuring and estimating the impact pressure of debris flows on bridge piers based on large-scale laboratory experiments     

Dongpo Wang  Zheng Chen  Siming He  Yang Liu  Hao Tang 《Landslides》2018,15(7):1331-1345

After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, mountainous areas in SW China are recognized as a region with highly active and perilous landslides and debris flows. The frequent impacts of debris flow are a major threat to bridge piers located in debris flow gullies. It is an important issue for guaranteeing the safety of railway bridges in areas prone to hazardous debris flows. Previous research has achieved significant results characterizing the initiation and mechanisms for debris flow, and their interactions with some structures. However, there has been little research on the dynamic pressure of debris flow on bridge pier caused by different debris flows. In this study, the measurement and estimation of the impact pressure and dynamic behavior of debris flows on scaled bridge piers were conducted. Nine pressure sensors were used to measure the impact pressure of debris flows. Flow velocities and flow depths were determined at the end of a flume using a high-speed camera. The results show that the impact pressure differed between different types of debris flows. The distribution of impact pressures from high-viscosity debris flows indicated three layers, with different features in individual event. In comparison, a layered structure was not observed in low-viscosity debris flows. Based on dimensional analyses, the impact pressure depended on Froude number (Fr) and Reynolds number (Re). For low-viscosity debris flows, the dimensionless impact pressures were power functions of Fr, while for high-viscosity debris flows, the dimensionless impact pressures were power functions of both Re and Fr. The impact frequencies of low-viscosity and high-viscosity debris flows showed considerable differences based on spectral analysis. Compared to high-viscosity debris flows, low-viscosity debris flows were characterized by relatively high velocity, strong striking pressure, and high impact frequency.  相似文献   

高频层序格架内礁型微地貌特征及其控储机理 ——以塔中东部地区上奥陶统为例     

郑剑  王振宇  杨海军  苏东坡  张正红  朱波 《地质学报》2015,89(5):942-956

塔中东部地区发育上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩相碳酸盐岩是油气产出的主力产区。为了揭示层序地层格架特征及其内部沉积微地貌特征对礁滩体储层的控制机理,本文通过对岩石学、沉积微相、古生物、测井相研究,建立了上奥陶统良里塔格组高频层序地层格架,可划分为11个四级层序和多个五级层序。研究区良三段—良二段以高位体系域垂向持续加积作用为主,是礁(丘)、滩组合镶边沉积的主要发育期,一个四级层序内可发育一个至多个礁滩体沉积微地貌旋回,礁型微地貌发育规模及厚度受海平面升降次级旋回和构造沉降控制。通过对良三段—良二段高位体系域成岩组构和成岩环境分析,认为受同生岩溶作用所形成的大气成岩透镜体主要发育在高频层序向上变浅旋回的顶部和微地貌高处。同一层序内沉积微地貌隆起和海平面相对升降变化所控制的暴露作用,以及同生期大气淡水溶蚀、淋滤作用是控制台缘礁滩体优质储层发育以及层位性和区域差异性的关键因素。集中揭示高频层序格架内微地貌特征及其对礁滩体储层的控制机理,有效指导了塔中东部地区奥陶系礁滩型油气藏勘探开发。  相似文献   

广东四会古森林地下生态系统¹⁴ C地层年代学研究^*   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

丁平  沈承德  易维熙  刘克新  丁杏芳  付东坡 《第四纪研究》2007,27(4):492-498

运用AMS-¹⁴ C定年技术,研究了被埋藏水松古木的发育和死亡时间以及土壤剖面中总有机碳的¹⁴ C表观年龄和细根的¹⁴ C年龄。结果表明:该地区的水松古木开始发育和死亡的时间大致为4~3kaB.P. 。根据土壤有机碳¹⁴ C的表观年龄,该土壤剖面的¹⁴ C年代地层可以分为3层,分别为:1)表层,2634±32~3305±29aB.P. ; 2)腐殖层,3305±29~3813±31aB.P. ; 3)基底,3813±31~4544±33aB.P. 。基底、腐殖土层和表层的沉积速率分别为0.55mm/a, 4.33mm/a和0.26mm/a。 细根的¹⁴ C年龄变化范围为2290±29~3542±28aB.P. ,较同层位的土壤有机碳的年龄年轻。腐殖层土壤中有机碳含量高达33 ％ ~46 ％ ,大多数有机碳仍处于未分解状态。该地区自4~3kaB.P.以来,环境演化可能经历了由陆到沼泽再到被水淹没最后又变成陆地的过程,植被从以水松为优势种的森林群落演化成当前以常绿阔叶林为主的森林生态群落,气候和海平面变化、地质构造运动和人类活动是这种环境演化的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

Homogenization of Tianjin monthly near-surface wind speed using RHtestsV4 for 1951–2014     

Si  Peng  Luo  Chuanjun  Liang  Dongpo 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,132(3-4):1303-1320

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Historical Chinese surface meteorological records provided by the special fund for basic meteorological data from the National Meteorological Information...  相似文献   

Erratum to: Homogenization of Tianjin monthly near-surface wind speed using RHtestsV4 for 1951–2014     

Si  Peng  Luo  Chuanjun  Liang  Dongpo 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,132(3-4):1321-1321

Theoretical and Applied Climatology -  相似文献   

河北保定百年均一化逐日气温序列的建立及其气候变化特征          下载免费PDF全文

司鹏  郝立生  傅宁  王敏  赵煜飞  梁冬坡 《大气科学学报》2023,46(2):297-309

基于国家气象信息中心收集整理的保定气象站1919年以来逐日最高和最低气温观测数据,首先,通过数据质量控制剔除原始观测资料中因人工观测或记录、仪器故障及数字化人工录入等导致的错误数据;其次,基于天津百年均一化逐日气温数据,利用标准化序列法对质控后的原始观测数据进行延长插补;进而通过两种途径建立的年和月尺度参考序列,利用惩罚最大t检验(Penalized Maximal T,PMT)和分位数匹配法(Quantile-Matching,QM),修正了插补后保定气象站日最高和最低气温序列中因数据插补、迁站和仪器变更等造成的非均一性影响,由此建立了河北保定1912—2019年均一化最高和最低气温日值序列。分析表明,构建的年平均气温距平序列百年尺度的年代际和趋势变化特点与Berkeley Earth-monthly、CRUTS4.03和GHCNV3基本一致,并且与整个京津冀区域相比,很好地反映出保定地区城市快速发展所带来的增暖变化特点。另外,从百年极端温度变化来看,保定地区1912年以来年和季节极端温度也是呈明显的增暖变化,年和秋季极端最低气温(TNn)的增暖趋势分别为0.340 ℃/(10 a) 、0.404 ℃/(10 a),对应的气温日较差(DTR)分别为-0.118 ℃/(10 a)、-0.215 ℃/(10 a)(均通过置信度为95％显著性检验)。  相似文献   

长江安庆江段鱼类调查及物种多样性初步研究   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

张敏莹  徐东坡  刘凯  施炜纲 《湖泊科学》2006,18(6):670-676

对1990-2004年长江安庆江段鱼类及物种多样性进行了调查研究．该江段共有鱼类46种,分别隶属于9目14科．按迁徙习性可分为江湖半洄游性鱼类、洄游性鱼类、河口鱼类和定居性鱼类4大类型．小型定居性鱼类占优势,群落优势种为黄颡鱼、鲫、鲶、鲤．多样性特征值年间平均指标为:Margalef指数(R)1．54,Wilhm改进指数(H(?))2．14,McNaughton指数(Dw)0．44,Pielou指数(J’)0．75．经济鱼类趋于小型化,四大家鱼资源不容乐观．必须从根本上降低对长江的捕捞压力．  相似文献   

苦草(Vallisneria natans)衰亡对水-沉积物之间磷迁移的影响     

俞振飞  徐东坡  王国祥  周彦峰  吴晓东  张敏莹 《湖泊科学》2016,28(1):94-104

采用沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)为研究对象,在其衰亡期测定群落内、外上覆水及沉积物各形态磷的含量,以探究沉水植物在其衰亡期对上覆水和沉积物中各形态磷的影响.结果表明:苦草衰亡过程中上覆水中总磷、可溶性总磷、溶解性活性磷、颗粒磷、可溶性有机磷浓度的变化相对平稳,与对照组相比无显著差异;沉积物中各形态磷含量均呈小幅度上升趋势,在实验结束时,苦草组沉积物中总磷含量为719.27 mg/kg,和初始值比增加了14.68 mg/kg,无机磷和有机磷含量分别增加了12.06和2.20 mg/kg,氢氧化钠提取磷和盐酸提取磷含量分别增加了7.05和4.29 mg/kg.总体来看,沉水植物苦草在其衰亡过程中分解速率较慢,对水-沉积物之间各形态磷含量无显著影响.  相似文献