辽宁矿业城市经济系统应对能力分析及其脆弱性评价   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

孙平军  修春亮 《云南地理环境研究》2010,22(2):47-53

矿业城市经济系统脆弱性是关于敏感性和应对能力的一组函数关系式,而其应对能力的影响因素很多,为了实现指标降维和客观赋值,借助主成分分析法和熵值法来简化运算;并构建脆弱性评估模型,以辽宁主要矿业城市为样本进行脆弱性评价。结果表明:(1)矿业城市经济系统脆弱性随其生命周期的推进而逐渐增大,侧面说明经济发展对资源具有高度的"路径依赖"及其产业结构的单一;(2)经济系统面对资源枯竭、国有企业改组改革扰动的敏感性对决定其脆弱性程度作用更为显著;(3)所选样本城市中,阜新市的脆弱度最高,鞍山最低,且在地域分布上呈现出辽东辽西的趋势。最后依据脆弱性特征将案例城市划分为3种类型。  相似文献   

中国城市化对资源与环境影响的综合评价(英文)     

陈明星  陆大道  查良松 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(1)

This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the urbanization level in China in terms of four aspects of urbanization connotation:population,economy,society,and land. A comprehensive measurement is carried out for the Chinese urbanization between 1981 and 2006 based on the Entropy method. The results show that the comprehensive level of urbanization in China has a continuous increase with the major features of economic growth and a rapid evolution of the geographical landscape,followed ...  相似文献   

The role of hydrologic information in reservoir operation – Learning from historical releases     

Mohamad I. Hejazi  Ximing Cai  Benjamin L. Ruddell 《Advances in water resources》2008,31(12):1636-1650

Closing the gap between theoretical reservoir operation and the real-world implementation remains a challenge in contemporary reservoir operations. Past research has focused on optimization algorithms and establishing optimal policies for reservoir operations. In this study, we attempt to understand operators’ release decisions by investigating historical release data from 79 reservoirs in California and the Great Plains, using a data-mining approach. The 79 reservoirs are classified by hydrological regions, intra-annual seasons, average annual precipitation (climate), ratio of maximum reservoir capacity to average annual inflow (size ratio), hydrologic uncertainty associated with inflows, and reservoirs’ main usage. We use information theory – specifically, mutual information – to measure the quality of inference between a set of classic indicators and observed releases at the monthly and weekly timescales. Several general trends are found to explain which sources of hydrologic information dictate reservoir release decisions under different conditions. Current inflow is the most important indicator during wet seasons, while previous releases are more relevant during dry seasons and in weekly data (as compared with monthly data). Inflow forecasting is the least important indicator in release decision making, but its importance increases linearly with hydrologic uncertainty and decreases logarithmically with reservoir size. No single hydrologic indicator is dominant across all reservoirs in either of the two regions.  相似文献   

非平衡态大气热力学的研究   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

胡隐樵 《高原气象》1999,18(3):306-320

要挟了建立非平衡态大气热力学的必要怀和迫切性。并在考虑到大气系统是以湍涡为基本单元,具有气压梯度力,重力和Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ力的地球大气宏观体系的基础上,直接引入大气动力主程组,建立了非平衡态大气热力学的熵平衡方程。  相似文献   

Conditional Entropy     

P. Cincotta  C. Simó 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1999,73(1-4):195-209

In this paper we show that the Conditional Entropy of nearby orbits may be a useful tool to explore the phase space associated to a given Hamiltonian. The arc length parameter along the orbits, instead of the time, is used as a random variable to compute the entropy. In the first part of this work we summarise the main analytical results to support this tool while, in the second part, we present numerical evidence that this technique is able to localise (stable) periodic and quasiperiodic orbits, 'aperiodic' orbits (chaotic motion) and unstable periodic orbits (the 'source' of chaotic motion). Besides, we show that this technique provides a measure of chaos which is similar to that given by the largest Lyapunov Characteristic Number. It is important to remark that this method is very simple to compute and does not require long time integrations, just realistic physical times. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

系统论思想在地貌学中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹国康 《地理学报》1991,46(1):26-34

系统论的思潮及其基本原则迅速地向地貌学领域渗透和扩展,改变着地貌学家的知识结构和思维方式。愈来愈显示出地貌学的一个新的生长点——系统地貌学,将以其强大的生命力萌发出来。它将从系统论与控制论的角度,研究地球表面形态结构及其物质组成与自然环境、社会经济环境之间的相互作用,揭示地貌系统的结构、功能及其演化规律性;对地域分异形成的不同地貌景观,分别建立过程-反应模式。为优化人地系统、合理利用自然资源、建立区域发展最优模式的决策提供科学依据。  相似文献   

地震前兆吸引子及可预报性问题研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李强 《中国地震》1998,14(4):71-77

利用溧阳台和徐州台体应变前兆观测资料,计算并研究了地震前兆吸引子的关联维数Ｄ２和二阶Ｒｅｎｙｉ料Ｋ２,提出了在一定异常判据下估算前兆吸引子可预报时间长度的方法。  相似文献   

Evaluating conservation effectiveness of nature reserves established for surrogate species: Case of a giant panda nature reserve in Qinling Mountains, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XU Weihua  Andrés VIA  QI Zengxiang  OUYANG Zhiyun  LIU Jianguo  LIU Wei  WAN Hui 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(1):60-70

Many nature reserves are established to protect the habitat needs of particular endangered species of interest but their effec-tiveness for protecting other species is questionable.In this study,this effectiveness was evaluated in a nature reserve network located in the Qinling Mountains,Shaanxi Province,China.The network of reserves was established mainly for the conservation of the giant panda,a species considered as a surrogate for the conservation of many other endangered species in the region.The habitat suitability of nine protected species,including the giant panda,was modeled by using Maximum Entropy（MAXENT） and their spatial congruence was analyzed.Habitat suitability of these species was also overlapped with nature reserve boundaries and their management zones（i.e.,core,buffer and experimental zones）.Results show that in general the habitat of the giant panda constitutes a reasonable surrogate of the habitat of other protected species,and giant panda reserves protect a relatively high proportion of the habitat of other protected species.Therefore,giant panda habitat conservation also allows the conservation of the habitat of other protected species in the region.However,a large area of suitable habitat was excluded from the nature reserve network.In addition,four species exhibited a low proportion of highly suitable habitat inside the core zones of nature reserves.It suggests that a high proportion of suitable habitat of protected species not targeted for conservation is located in the experimental and buffer zones,thus,is being affected by human activities.To increase their conservation effectiveness,nature reserves and their management zones need to be re-examined in order to include suitable habitat of more endangered species.The procedures described in this study can be easily implemented for the conservation of many endangered species not only in China but in many other parts of the world.  相似文献   

基于PSR模型的胶州湾生态安全评价研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙慧莹  余静  周玲玲  冯若燕  于小芹 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(9):52-59

科学有效地评价胶州湾生态安全程度,是胶州湾地区可持续发展的前提。文章基于PSR模型建立评价指标体系,利用AHP-熵权法确立指标权重,对2007—2016年胶州湾生态安全的发展状况进行了综合评价,并从压力、状态、响应3个方面对影响胶州湾生态安全的主要因素进行系统分析。研究结果表明:胶州湾生态安全指数整体呈波动上升态势,但在2010—2013年略有下降,并在2014年有大幅度的回升直至2016年。生态安全指数在0.4～0.6间波动,整体处于"一般"的生态安全状态。最后,文章提出通过坚持控制入海污水排放量和环境污染,加强海洋生态保护修复与海洋保护区建设,进一步完善胶州湾生态安全保护相关法律制度,注重海洋科技人才培养等方式来促进胶州湾地区生态安全水平的提高。  相似文献   

The comprehensive evaluation of China’s urbanization and effects on resources and environment     

CHEN Mingxing  LU Dadao  ZHA Liangsong 《地理学报》2010,20(1):17-30

This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the urbanization level in China in terms of four aspects of urbanization connotation: population, economy, society, and land. A comprehensive measurement is carried out for the Chinese urbanization between 1981 and 2006 based on the Entropy method. The results show that the comprehensive level of urbanization in China has a continuous increase with the major features of economic growth and a rapid evolution of the geographical landscape, followed by population urbanization and then social urbanization of health care standard; the distinguished evolutional characteristics can also be found in each of the subsystems. The integrated evolution of urbanization has a profound effect on the resources, energy and the environment, making the land resources and energy security situation under severe pressure. The environment pressure is also increased further.  相似文献