贵州典型喀斯特环境退化与自然恢复速率   总被引：41，自引：3，他引：38  

杨胜天  朱启疆 《地理学报》2000,55(4):459-466

喀斯特环境退化与自然恢复速率是具有重要意义的问题。在分析贵族典型喀斯特环境主要因子关系的基础上,确定用土地覆盖、植被状况和土壤属性反映喀斯特环境退化与自然恢复过程,应用和地面观测方法对研究区土地覆盖、植被覆盖、生物生产量、生物多样性和土壤理化性质等指标进行研究,从而得出研究区喀斯特环境退化与自然恢复规律及其相应的速率。  相似文献   

西南喀斯特地区地表水热过程研究进展与展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gao Jiangbo  Wu Shaohong  Dai Erfu  Hou Wenjuan 《地球科学进展》2015,30(6):647-653

西南喀斯特地区水文二元结构以及生境条件的异质性导致地表水热过程异常复杂。水热过程机理研究薄弱,已经成为生态系统退化关键过程识别、生态恢复重建推进的关键限制因素。首先从野外科学实验、陆面过程参数化、遥感反演技术3个方面简要论述了地表水热过程的研究方法,指出在喀斯特地区,目前亟需开展的工作是在样地和坡面尺度上对地表水热过程进行系统的观测和实验,以深化水热过程机理研究,并发展适用于喀斯特地区的陆面过程模式和遥感反演模型。进而评述西南喀斯特地区地表水热过程已有研究进展与存在问题:水分循环研究的重视,但在特殊的地质背景与复杂的生境条件下,土壤水分时空异质性及降雨入渗产流和土壤侵蚀过程的机理仍不明晰,而且水热耦合研究非常缺失。最后从地表水热过程机理、水热过程变化影响机制、生态系统恢复重建水热调控等方面展望了其未来发展趋势。  相似文献   

Identification and evaluation of desertification reversal in China: indicators and methods review     

Ning Liu  LiHua Zhou  Yong Chen  Shan Huang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(3):0190-0200

With gradual emergence of desertification reversal after inception of combative attempts in China, its evaluation which is based on solid identification is imperative. However, either identification or evaluation lacks consensus and are limited in earlier studies. This paper endeavors to fill this gap by relying on a systematic review of recent studies. After a clarification of causal relation of identification and evaluation, an argument of indicators and models selection is presented taking sustainability, cost and benefits, public interest and individual behavior into account. At first, we emphasize the logical and sequential importance of identification as prerequisite of evaluation, and demonstrate that fundamental identification could be operated by both direct and indirect implementations, though direct implementation usually seems to be a favorite al- tel＇native. Here, we emphasize a consideration of sustainable development, cost and benefits, public interest and individual behaviors together, due to the hiatus of incorporating economic and ecological segments together, and the innate theoretical deficiencies on environmental products of traditional economic and ecological methods of evaluation. Thus, we conceptually merge the economic and ecological segments into one theoretical framework. However, no matter how elaborate the models is, there is an apparent gap of both identification and evaluation due to failure of dynamic interpretations, thereby, it may be future trend and urgency on models＇ elaboration.  相似文献   

内陆河流域综合整治的生态恢复与重建技术     

高前兆  钱鞠  高雅玉  王鹏  张钰 《水文》2011,31(1):59-65,80

通过对我国西北内陆河流域的生态系统、水循环、水资源形成与消耗的特点,生态环境的变化以及水环境保护等问题分析,论述了开展内陆河流域综合治理的必要性和紧迫性。结合近期典型流域治理恢复成效,提出内陆河流域综合整治的第二步生态恢复目标。根据内陆河流域的治理实践,参照干旱区供水集水和保水技术,总结了改善下游绿洲水分生态平衡、控制中上游用水与保护河道水环境,防治河道水质盐化与农田排水再利用等生态恢复与重建的技术。最后,为了实现流域生态环境良性循环和水环境质量整体改善,提出了现阶段要加强水环境监测保护和生态补偿建设的任务。  相似文献   

平原地区农用地整理新增耕地潜力分析——以湖北省仙桃市为例     

彭建清 《上海国土资源》2013,(4):77-80,83

农村土地综合整治是发展农村的重要战略部署,随着全国土地整治规划的编制实施,各地土地整治规划编制进八重要阶段。农用地整理是新增耕地的重点和难点,做好潜力预测是科学编制土地整治规划的前提。本文通过分析平原地区农用地整理新增耕地潜力测算方法,对湖北仙桃市农用地整理新增耕地面积进行测算,结果显示其农用地整理潜力较大,新增耕地系数达到了30％,这与实地调查结果致,说明以典型田块八手可以有效预测平原地区农用地整理新增耕地潜力。  相似文献   

贵州省喀斯特地区土地退化与生态重建研究进展   总被引：60，自引：2，他引：60  

万军 《地球科学进展》2003,18(3):447-453

喀斯特地区环境独特、生态脆弱，一直是科学界关注的热点地区。早期的研究多集中在喀斯特地区的水文、地质和地球化学等领域。近10多年来，喀斯特地区的土地退化乃至石漠化的问题日益严重，人类活动对生态的压力逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。我国西南喀斯特地区是世界上最大的喀斯特连续带，贫困人口集中，人口压力大，经济落后，土地退化严重，人地矛盾异常尖锐，如何开展生态建设、促进社会经济发展，成为西部大开发中最为紧迫的任务之一。贵州省是西南喀斯特地区的典型代表，部分地区已经失去了依靠自身力量进行生态恢复和发展的可能性，因而需要在科学研究的基础上，制定合理的规划和管理措施，针对性的增加外部投入，进行生态重建。对生态重建的理论、方法、技术和模式进行了总结，认为喀斯特地区土地退化是区域人地复杂巨系统结构损害和功能紊乱的集中表现，片面的环境保护和单独的生态治理工程无法解决这个系统问题，区域的生态重建需要采用系统科学的思路。在此基础上，提出喀斯特地区土地退化和生态重建研究中需要深入研究的一些问题。  相似文献   

澳大利亚兰杰一号铀矿之生命周期：地质、资源、生产与修复     

林子瑜  聂逢君  张士红  徐翅翔  余倩 《地质通报》2019,38(11):1867-1876

兰杰一号铀矿及其所属的鳄鱼河铀矿田产于北澳太古宙克拉通内古元古代裂谷背景下发展起来的松溪造山带,矿体产于新太古代—古元古代结晶-变质基底/晚古元古代—中元古代康博尔吉红层建造不整合界面之下,铀矿化分3个时代,U_1为1720～1680Ma,U_2为1420～1040Ma,U_3为474±6Ma,U1是主矿化时代。该矿床于1969年后期通过航空放射性测量被发现,1970’s经勘探圈定了No.1和No.3两个铀矿体,总计资源储量124681t@0.23%U_3O_8。1980年10月正式露采,至2018年12月,总计生产了128739t U_3O_8。1985财年开始,ERA(澳大利亚能源资源有限责任公司)向世界核能市场共计销售了产于兰杰铀矿的119882t U_3O_8。2009年,发现了No.3深部矿,探明资源储量为43857t@0.22%U_3O_8,这部分资源将以地下开采方式利用。预计到2026年,采区地貌景观和生态环境将得到恢复。进一步讨论了澳北元古宙不整合面型铀矿找矿的方向,持续稳定的铀矿开采与生产的意义,以及投资澳大利亚铀矿业需要注意的政治与法律问题。这些内容可以为国内矿业企业及地勘单位合理部署澳洲铀矿勘查与开发提供参考。  相似文献   

上海青浦大莲湖湿地退化与修复     

郭文利  夏述忠  袁晓  裴恩乐 《湿地科学与管理》2010,6(2):22-25

大莲湖位于上海市青浦区西部,属淀山湖水系,是上海市重要的水源保护区。大莲湖湿地生态环境发生退化,湿地面积较少,污染严重,生物多样性降低。大莲湖湿地修复的主要措施有湿地恢复、河道疏浚、景观塑造和生物多样性恢复等。此外,还应加强对大莲湖湿地管理和社区共管,促进区域经济和水源地保护协调发展。  相似文献   

Cold-region environments along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline and their management     

RuiXia He  HuiJun Jin  LanZhi L  ShaoLing Wang 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(2):129-136

The cold-region eco-environments along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline (CRCOP) in northern Northeast China are in disequilibrium due to the combined influences of pronounced climate warming and intensive anthropogenic activities.This is evidenced by the sharp areal reduction and northward shifting of the boreal forests,shrinking of wetlands,enhancing of soil erosion,accelerating degradation of permafrost and deteriorating of cold-region eco-environments.The degradation of permafrost plays an important role as an internal drive in the eco-environmental changes.Many components of the cold-region eco-environments,including frozen ground,forests,wetlands and peatlands,forest fires and "heating island effect" of rapid urbanization,are interdependent,interactive,and integrated in the boreal ecosystems.The construction and long-term operation of the CRCOP system will inevitably disturb the cold-region environments along the pipeline.Therefore,a mandatory and carefully-elaborated environ-mental impact statement is indispensable for the proper mitigation of the ensued adverse impacts.Proper management,effective protection and practical rehabilitation of the damaged cold-region environments are a daunting,costly and long-term commitment.The recommended measures for protection and restoration of permafrost eco-environments along the pipeline route include adequate investigation,assessment and monitoring of permafrost and cold-region environments,compliance of pipeline construction and operation codes for environmental management,proper and timely re-vegetation,returning the cultivated lands to forests and grasslands,and effective mitigation of forest fire hazards.  相似文献   

An evaluation of an enhanced soil erosion and landscape evolution model: a case study assessment of the former Nabarlek uranium mine,Northern Territory,Australia     

G. R. Hancock  J. B. C. Lowry  D. R. Moliere  K. G. Evans 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(13):2045-2063

The assessment of post‐mining landscapes as case studies is an important part of the evaluation of current rehabilitation practices. A necessary part of this assessment is to predict the surface stability of the landform using erosion and landform evolution modelling techniques. In the short term, erosion on a rehabilitated mine site can lead to increased sediment loads and transport of other mine related contaminants in downstream waterways. It is well recognized that in many mine areas the erodibility of surface materials can, and does, vary. This is a particularly significant issue on mine sites, where the surface conditions may range from areas of undisturbed natural surface materials, waste rock dumps constructed with materials exhumed from the sub‐surface, and other areas that have a mix of waste rock and soil to enhance the growth of vegetation. A further significant issue is that when the subsurface materials are exposed to surface conditions they can weather rapidly, changing their erodibility. This paper uses a new version of the SIBERIA landscape evolution and soil erosion model to evaluate the former Nabarlek uranium mine site in the Northern Territory, Australia. This new version of SIBERIA uses spatially variable erosion and hydrology parameters across the study domain to represent different erodibilities of surface materials, thus allowing better representation of catchment heterogeneity. The results demonstrate that the model predicts erosion rates similar to that of other modelled results and independent field data, providing confidence in the model and its parameterization. The tailings, deposited in the mined out pit and capped with waste rock, appear to be safely encapsulated for the modelled period. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Commonwealth of Australia (Department of the Environment and Water Resources Supervising Scientist).  相似文献