"土地整理理论"初探   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17  

罗明  龙花楼 《地理与地理信息科学》2003,19(6):60-64

土地整理已成为土地科学的一个新的学科“生长点”，该文借鉴土地科学的相关理论基础，结合目前我国土地整理工作的任务与实践，探讨土地整理的理论：阶段理论、市场理论、广域理论、区域差异理论、效益统一理论、人居环境理论。  相似文献   

岷江上游典型油松人工幼林的生态环境效应   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

包维楷  乔永康  陈庆恒 《山地学报》2003,21(6):662-668

油松林是岷江上游和大渡河上游地区河谷与中山段灌丛地上恢复重建的代表性人工林类型之一,还缺乏深入研究。选择岷江上游典型的油松幼林,通过2a的定位监测,研究了油松林恢复重建的生态环境效应。1)与重建前的灌丛比较,油松幼林林下土壤物理性质(容重、土壤孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、土壤重力水库容、土壤水向下渗透性速度、土壤通气度)得到明显改善,土壤持水能力提高了16%;2)油松幼林林冠对降雨的拦截和再分配作用明显。雨量等级低,拦截作用越大,尤其是当降雨量小,历时较长时,截留率越高,对降水的涵养比率越高。油松幼林生态系统能全部就地涵养全年降雨频率60%～70%的<10mm等级的雨量而不致产生明显的地表径流;对于占全年降雨频率35%～30%的10～50mm等级的降雨量,有至少30%～50%能被油松林生态系统就地涵养;3)重建的油松幼林林下土壤平均侵蚀模数36t·km-2·a-1,灌丛地表为713t·km-2·a-1,分别比裸地少99 55%和91 09%,而同期灌丛地表平均径流模数有38 90×104m3·km-2·a-1,油松幼林为7 23×104m3·km-2·a-1,分别比裸地减少79 47%和99 96%,油松林重建基本控制了土壤侵蚀和水土流失;4)油松林重建明显降低了不同深度的土壤温度。夏季降低的效果明显强于秋季。油松林内与林缘灌草丛5cm层土温较裸地分别平均  相似文献   

Getting ‘holistic’ about land rehabilitation in hot arid regions     

Adrian Williams 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(Z1)

The paper describes Western Australian examples and causes of land degradation. Itoutlines shortcomings in the methodologies used to rehabilitate these areas. From this a protocolis suggested for an ‘holistic' approach to land rehabilitation.  相似文献   

提高卫星遥感资料利用率的方法   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张树誉王钊  李星敏 《测绘学院学报》2004,21(1):30-33

从NOAA及EOS／MODIS资料的几何精校正、云检测与合成滤云、数据融合等方面分析了提高遥感资料利用率的几种有效的方法。  相似文献   

ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC REHABILITATION IN THE KARST OF SOUTHWEST CHINA     

Cai Yunlong Department of Geography  Peking University  Beijing People''s Republic of China 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(2)

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Why rehabilitate urban river systems?   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sophia Jane Findlay  Mark Patrick Taylor 《Area》2006,38(3):312-325

This paper addresses the philosophical question: 'why rehabilitate urban river systems?' within an Australian context. Rehabilitation of river systems has become an important objective of many local, state and national governments around the world, who allocate substantial investment into various river projects. An understanding of the various factors influencing stream condition and potential rehabilitation options is essential in order to determine how the process is undertaken, and how success is measured. This paper examines the triple bottom line (economic, social and environmental) factors that influence decisionmaking with respect to urban stream rehabilitation and management and considers their relative value and importance.  相似文献   

岷江上游地区环境问题及其驱动力     

孟国才  马东涛  王士革  谢洪  张桂香 《干旱区地理》2007,30(5):759-765

近年来,岷江上游干旱河谷区土地环境和农产品污染问题日趋严重,耕地数量减少、质量下降,土地沙化形势严峻,阻碍区域和下游经济可持续发展。在分析该区脆弱山地生态基础上,探讨了土地环境的现状和演变。研究发现:土地环境的恶化是系统内在特性和外在干扰体综合作用的结果,内在的脆弱特性决定了土地系统对干扰的抗性差,退化后难以恢复,而强烈的人为干扰则加剧了系统的退化速度和进程。生态修复和重建应系统规划,综合治理,建立强有力的区际生态补偿机制,建设干旱河谷区高产优质农林业。  相似文献   

The use of landscape evolution models in mining rehabilitation design   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G.?R.?HancockEmail author 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(5):561-573

Landscape evolution models can be useful tools for the evaluation of rehabilitation designs for post-mining landscapes. When calibrated for the erodible material, landscape evolution models can predict sediment loss over entire landscapes (i.e. tonnes/hectare/year), method of erosion (i.e. slope wash, gullying) and also where on a hillslope erosion is likely to occur. The models provide the ability to examine simple hillslopes through to complex whole landscapes. These models can also be used for a probabilistic risk assessment of rehabilitation design for high-risk situations such as tailings dams. Importantly, unlike other erosion models they allow the eroded landscape to be visualised. This paper outlines the capabilities of the SIBERIA landscape evolution model for the rehabilitation of mining landscapes and proposes a probabilistic approach for risk assessment and site stability.  相似文献   

江苏省矿山环境保护和矿业废弃地环境恢复整治示范模式   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄敬军倪红升  华建伟 《地质通报》2004,23(11):1113-1118

随着矿业经济发展由“资源开发”向“资源开发与环境保护并重”的转变,江苏省域内已涌现出一批矿业生态示范工程,并逐步建立了-批矿产资源开发工业园。关闭矿山废弃地的环境恢复整治示范工程也已初见成效,打造出景观再造、科普园区、应景改造、循环经济、工程整治、生态保护等环境恢复整治模式,显然对江苏生态省建设和区域经济的可持续发展具有较强的示范和推进作用。本文力图对已有的典范进行归纳,总结出矿山环境保护和矿业废弃地恢复整治的示范模式,为江苏省今后矿山环境保护(整治)提供技术支撑,达到改善生态环境的目的。  相似文献   

The measurement and modelling of rill erosion at angle of repose slopes in mine spoil   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G. R. Hancock  D. Crawter  S. G. Fityus  J. Chandler  T. Wells 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(7):1006-1020

The process of rill erosion causes significant amounts of sediment to be moved in both undisturbed and disturbed environments and can be a significant issue for agriculture as well as mining lands. Rills also often develop very quickly (from a single rainfall event to a season) and can develop into gullies if sufficient runoff is available to continue their development. This study examines the ability of a terrestrial laser scanner to quantify rills that have developed on fresh and homogeneous mine spoil on an angle of repose slope. It also examines the ability of the SIBERIA erosion model to simulate the rill's spatial and temporal behaviour. While there has been considerable work done examining rill erosion on rehabilitated mine sites and agricultural fields, little work has been done to examine rill development at angle of repose sites. Results show that while the overall hillslope morphology was captured by the laser scanner, with the morphology of the rills being broadly captured, the characteristics of the rills were not well defined. The digital elevation model created by the laser scanner failed to capture the rill thalwegs and tops of the banks, therefore delineating a series of ill defined longitudinal downslope depressions. These results demonstrate that an even greater density of points is needed to capture sufficient rill morphology. Nevertheless, SIBERIA simulations of the hillslope demonstrated that the model was able to capture rill behaviour in both space and time when correct model parameters were used. This result provides confidence in the SIBERIA model and its parameterization. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of the model to changes in parameters and the importance of the calibration process. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献