Holocene climate changes in westerly-dominated areas of central Asia: Evidence from optical dating of two loess sections in Tianshan Mountain,China     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

Optical dating was applied to two loess-paleosol sections (Lujiaowan and Shuixigou) from the northern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang province, China. The two sections are over 200 km apart and have a similar depositional sequence, which consists of two paleosol layers embedded by one loess layer. Two difficulties were met in optical dating. First, because the sections are located on the slope of the mountain, it was found that some cliff debris, with coarse grains (>200 μm), were mixed with the eolian sediments by rainfall, especially in the paleosol layers. Second, the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signals of quartz grains from the deposits were too dim to obtain a reliable equivalent dose (D_e). The 63–90 μm K-feldspar grains were separated to decrease the debris portion, and they yielded bright infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signals. A multiple-elevated-temperature post-IR IRSL (MET-pIRIR) procedure was applied to determine D_e. Comparing the optical dating ages of the two sections, the Lujiaowan (LJW) and Shuixigou (SXG) sections recorded almost the same depositional process during the Holocene. The ages of the two loess layers (2.44–3.38 ka at LJW; 2.47–4.36 ka at SXG) suggested that one drought event happened widely in this westerly dominated area. The same drought event 2.5–3.5 ka ago also happened in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), where the summer monsoon dominated. However, the paleosol development period (6.6–4 ka) in the study area was distinguished from the monsoon dominated area (8–4 ka), which suggests an arid early Holocene in the westerly area.  相似文献   

2011年长江中下游梅雨特征及成因分析     

娄小芬  罗玲  孔照林 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(2):14-22

利用NCEP2.5°×2.5°再分析资料、NOAA的OLR资料、常规观测降水资料以及历史梅雨特征指数等资料,系统地分析了2011年梅汛期南亚高压、副热带高压、季风和对流系统等的演变特征,以揭示2011年梅雨期降水异常的成因。分析表明： 2011年入梅和出梅均偏早,旱涝急转迅速,降水集中,梅雨总量异常偏多;南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压北跳、500 hPa西风带环流的调整、西南季风北涌至长江流域的时间均早于常年是2011年入梅偏早的原因。ITCZ的北抬伴随强热带风暴“米雷”北上引起副热带高压的北抬东退是出梅偏早的主要原因;南亚高压和副热带高压位置和强度迅速调整,同时中高纬度环流也快速调整,西南季风和水汽输送也由弱转强,使得长江中下游地区由受冬季风控制迅速转为冷暖气流的汇合地,且此期间大气层结不稳定,降水强度大。以上原因导致该区域出现迅速的旱涝急转;梅雨期间,西太平洋副热带高压和高空西风急流稳定偏强,强盛的季风涌、中高纬度冷空气和青藏高原对流扰动东传的有利配置导致了2011年梅雨总量异常偏多。  相似文献   

Temporal variation of diatom benthic propagules in a monsoon-influenced tropical estuary   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jagadish S. Patil  Arga Chandrashekar Anil   《Continental Shelf Research》2008,28(17):2404-2416

Temporal variations in the diatom benthic propagule (DBP) community and their role in the phytoplankton community in a monsoon-affected tropical estuary, Zuari estuary, Goa (India) are presented. The DBP from the sediments was enumerated using an extinction dilution method (most probable number method), which allows estimation of resting stages through examination of germinated vegetative cells in culture. The DBP community was dominated by planktonic species belonging to the genera Skeletonema, Fragilariopsis, Thalassiosira, and Chaetoceros. Benthic propagules (BPs) of Skeletonema costatum and Fragilariopsis sp. were dominant throughout the year. Between these two species, only S. costatum showed a linear relationship between the BP and planktonic cells, indicating that this species is particularly important in coupling of pelagic and benthic ecosystems. During the onset and restart of monsoon after an intermittent break, water column was stratified, with a low-salinity layer arising from riverine discharge and precipitation at the surface and relatively cold, saline, low-oxygen waters at the bottom. Stratification favored blooming of S. costatum and Fragilariopsis sp. in nutrient-rich surface and bottom waters, respectively. The decline in these blooms ensuing nitrate depletion and salinity change resulted in an increased abundance of BP. Chaetoceros bloom was observed during the monsoon break as well as during non-monsoon period and on both the occasions the decline in bloom was coupled with freshwater discharge. During the non-monsoon season, Thalassiosira blooms were encountered subsequent to high nitrate inputs. These findings suggest that in such shallow tropical regions, physical processes during monsoon (freshwater discharge) and non-monsoon seasons (currents, waves and tides) cause resuspension of diatom BP. Since light is not a limiting factor for germination in such regions, the blooming of resuspended BP depends on nutrient availability.  相似文献   

MIS 3以来浙江温瑞平原YQ0902孔古环境与古气候变化记录^*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

尚帅  范代读  王强  张梦莹 《古地理学报》2013,15(4):551-564

YQ0902孔位于浙江南部瓯江三角洲南侧温瑞平原上。沉积相、粒度分析以及AMS ¹4C测年数据表明,硬土层之下为海洋氧同位素3阶段(MIS 3）形成的潟湖相沉积,据此推测MIS 3高海平面至少达到现今海平面之下30m左右(未经构造升降和沉积物压实作用等影响的校正,下同）。硬土层的成土过程发生于MIS 2,其母质部分为MIS 3的潟湖沉积,部分为河漫滩沉积。硬土层之上是一套形成于全新世的海侵—海退旋回,与长江三角洲南翼前缘的沉积相组合类似。研究钻孔初始海泛面约形成于9 cal ka BP,推算当时的海平面约低于现今海平面25 m。中全新世最大海侵前后,东亚季风较强,通过径流或沿岸流输入本区的沉积物较充足,沉积速率较大。随着海平面相对稳定或略有下降,东亚季风减弱,可容空间减小,中晚全新世(5～2 cal ka BP）沉积速率较低。高分辨率的XRF岩心扫描获得的元素相对含量是古环境与古气候研究的重要指标,其中Cl/Ti、Fe/Ti值可分别作为海相性(与海洋联通程度）与东亚季风强弱的替代指标。  相似文献   

中国北方季风边缘区自然灾害环境和成灾过程的特征   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

苏桂武  张林源 《中国沙漠》1998,18(1):1-9

在分析中国北方季风边缘区自然灾害形成环境的基础上,讨论了该区自然灾害过程所具有的如下基本特征:孕灾过程具有多样性、频发性和地域差异性;受灾过程特征集中表现为季风边缘区受灾环境对各种自然致灾因子的放大作用;成灾过程特征表现为本区更易成灾,虽然绝对灾情较低,但相对灾情较大和关键农事期气象致灾因子发生频率高等。  相似文献   

广西雷暴活动特点分析   总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20  

吴恒强 《热带地理》2004,24(2):123-126,154

根据气象台站的雷电观测记录,分析广西境内雷电活动的基本特点,认为广西是我国雷暴最多的地区之一,与中南半岛多雷区相连,是以马来半岛、澳洲北部为中心的雷暴高发区的向北延伸.2月份,伴随着副热带西风急流的南压,初雷自北向南开始;终雷出现在10月中下旬,与副热带高压脊线的南撤、东南季风撤出大陆的日期相一致.ITCZ的影响是广西成为多雷区的主要原因.平均雷暴日数的峰值就出现在ITCZ影响广西最多的8月份.地形对雷电活动有明显影响,广西地形的弧形山结构明显地改变着雷暴活动的空间分布.十万大山的抬升、来自南海、琼州海峡  相似文献   

豫西黄土中砂粒含量及其环境意义   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2  

王均平  潘保田  高红山  王勇  苏怀  管清玉  刘小丰  李吉均 《中国沙漠》2005,25(5):629-634

研究表明,豫西黄土中含有大量的砂粒组分(> 63 μm),地域特定的地貌造成三门峡、扣马黄土中砂粒含量的增加。扣马剖面记录了自1.2 Ma来砂粒百分含量的变化过程,在我国气候逐步恶化的总体环境下,区域地貌的改变叠加在全球变化之上。随着黄河的下切,大量松散堆积物暴露于大气环境中,为冬季风提供了丰富粉尘物源,汾渭盆地、三门峡盆地、黄河两岸滩地、沙滩以及两岸山地是豫西黄土砂粒的主要源区之一。  相似文献   

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AUTUMN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE MODE AND THE STRENGTH OF SCS SUMMER MONSOON     

李东辉  张瑰  朱益民  谭言科  王学忠 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2007,13(1):29-32

Based on 1948 - 2004 monthly Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and NCEP/NCAR atmospheric reanalysis data, the relationships between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM) and the strength of South China Sea (SCS) Summer Monsoon are investigated through the EOF and smooth correlation methods. The results are as the following. (1) There are two dominant modes of autumn SSTA over the tropical Indian Ocean. They are the uniformly signed basin-wide mode (USBM) and Indian Ocean dipole mode (IODM), respectively. The SSTA associated with USBM are prevailing decadal to interdecadal variability characterized by a unanimous pattern, while the IODM mainly represents interannual variability of SSTA. (2) When positive (negative) IODM exists over the tropical Indian Ocean during the preceding fall, the SCS summer monsoon will be weak (strong). The negative correlation between the interannual variability of IODM and that of SCS summer monsoon is significant during the warm phase of long-term trend but insignificant during the cool phase. (3) When the SCS summer monsoon is strong (weak), the IODM will be in its positive (negative) phase during the following fall season. The positive correlation between the interannual variability of SCS summer monsoon and that of IODM is significant during both the warm and cool phase of the long-term trend, but insignificant during the transition between the two phases.  相似文献   

东亚季风的气候变化及其时间序列模型     

曹鸿兴  何会中  刘海涛  夏军  蔡秀华  施會泛 《湖泊科学》2003,15(Z1):23-29

本文运用统计方法分析了东亚季风指数的观测序列;同时还揭示了不同时期的东亚季风变化趋势和年代际变化.自1873年以来,东亚季风逐渐减少,同时年代际的变化也十分明显.在1891-1900年间和1971-1980年间,夏季季风指数的十年平均达到极大,另外还出现两个极小值,它们分别出现在1921-1930年和1991-2000年.为了对东亚季风变化进行模拟,我们首先简要地介绍了动力系统的自忆性原理,然后叙述了一个新的时间序列分析方法——基于数据的机制自记忆模型(DAMSM).DAMSM被应用于东亚季风指数研究并且证明了它对东亚季风的拟合及预报能力.  相似文献   

基于地磁场相对古强度变化的下蜀黄土年代序列及其古气候意义          下载免费PDF全文

任翌成  李徐生  韩志勇  陈英勇  汪雨辰  刘梦慧  潘柔娴  鹿化煜 《地球物理学报》2020,63(5):2024-2035

分布于宁镇地区的下蜀黄土年代标尺研究薄弱.我们以镇江大港钻孔岩芯的下蜀黄土为例,探讨了下蜀黄土记录地磁场相对古强度的可靠性.岩石磁学的实验显示,下蜀黄土大体上符合估计相对古强度对沉积物的要求.以低频磁化率()作为天然剩磁(NRM300)的归一化因子,我们获得了下蜀黄土记录的地磁场相对古强度变化.通过与邻区和全球的单个及合成曲线的对比,我们发现大港钻孔岩芯的相对古强度记录展现出主要的全球偶极场的变化特征,因而可用于建立下蜀黄土的年代标尺.新的年代标尺表明,大港钻孔的磁化率年代序列与北方黄土无法直接对比,证实了该地点的下蜀黄土磁化率变化机制与北方的不同.大港钻孔下蜀黄土的沉积速率与磁化率相关,低风尘沉积速率对应低磁化率,是降水增加所导致的结果.沉积速率与磁化率年代序列显示,下蜀黄土记录的本区季风变化过程可分为4个阶段.阶段Ⅳ(819～700ka)对应中更新世转型阶段,东亚季风降水较少.阶段Ⅲ(700～412ka)对应中更新世的大间冰期,东亚季风降水最多.阶段Ⅱ(412～197ka)时东亚季风降水减少,较阶段Ⅳ略少.阶段Ⅰ(197～34ka)东亚季风降水最少.因此,中更新世气候转型后,长时间尺度东亚季风降水持续减少,可能受全球温度阶段性降低驱动.  相似文献