Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies of Oxytetracycline Mineralization Using UV/H2O2          下载免费PDF全文

Anisa Ur Rahmah  Sabtanti Harimurti  Abdul Aziz Omar  Thanapalan Murugesan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(4):496-503

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Improved NLDAS‐2 Noah‐simulated hydrometeorological products with an interim run          下载免费PDF全文

Youlong Xia  Christa D. Peter‐Lidard  Maoyi Huang  Helin Wei  Mike Ek 《水文研究》2015,29(5):780-792

In North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 (NLDAS‐2) Noah simulation, the NLDAS team introduced an intermediate ‘fix’ to constrain the surface exchange coefficient when the atmospheric boundary layer is stable. In the current NLDAS‐2 Noah version, this fix is used for all stable cases including snow‐free grid cells. In this study, we simply apply this fix to the grid cells in which both stable atmospheric boundary layer and snow exist simultaneously, excluding the snow‐free grid cells as we recognize that the fix in NLDAS‐2 is too strong. We conduct a 31‐year (1979–2009) NLDAS‐2 Noah interim (Noah‐I) run and use observed streamflow, evapotranspiration, land surface temperature, soil temperature, and ground heat flux to evaluate the results, including comparisons with the original NLDAS‐2 Noah run. The results show that Noah‐I has the same performance as NLDAS‐2 Noah for snow water equivalent; however, Noah‐I significantly improved the simulation of other hydrometeorological products as noted earlier when compared with NLDAS‐2 Noah and the observations. This simple modification is being included in the next Noah version used in NLDAS. The hydrometeorological products from the improved NLDAS‐2 Noah‐I are being staged on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction public server. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海水网箱养殖区环境质量综合评价     

陈丹琴  杨京平  蔡燕红  杨耀芳 《海洋学研究》2015,33(3):62-69

近年来,我国海水网箱养殖业的迅速发展给海洋生态环境带来了相当大的压力。目前不少学者从不同方面对网箱养殖区环境质量作了分析和评价,但还没有1个公认统一的评价标准和方法,也缺乏从整体上进行综合评价的研究。本文以宁波西沪港网箱养殖区为例,采用层次分析法,从环境适宜性和水产品质量安全性两方面构建了网箱养殖区环境质量综合评价指标体系,根据历史和现状监测资料以及相关文献筛选了评价指标,确定了评价标准,并结合指数评价法对养殖区环境质量现状进行了综合评价。评价结果表明:2011年西沪港网箱养殖区综合质量等级为较好,主要存在的风险为水体富营养化和水产品中的重金属污染。  相似文献   

地质灾害气象风险预报（警）产品发布系统研究与应用     

陈张建  ;张磊  ;黄桦  ;汤天强 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2014,25(4):129-133

针对地质灾害气象风险预报（警）产品发布需要,提出面向服务的预报（警）产品发布流程,设计基于SOA架构的系统体系结构和预警产品时空数据库。结合数字城市地理空间框架和ArcGIS技术体系,实现产品规范化、服务发布、服务集成等关键技术。通过典型应用案例的构建和实际应用表明,本研究提出的建设方案能有效地提高产品发布精度、发布时效和覆盖面。  相似文献   

中国稳定积雪区IMS雪冰产品精度评价     

刘洵  金鑫  柯长青 《冰川冻土》2014,36(3):500-507

IMS雪冰产品由多种光学与微波传感器数据融合而成,提供北半球每日无云的积雪范围,在积雪遥感研究中具有广阔的前景. 以气象站实测雪深数据为真值,检验了2009-2010年IMS雪冰产品在中国三大稳定积雪区北疆、东北、青藏高原地区每月、积雪季以及全年的误判率、漏判率和总体准确率,并分析了IMS雪冰产品的准确率与雪深之间的关系. 结果显示：IMS雪冰产品的年总体准确率在三大积雪区均超过了92%,积雪季总体准确率均超过了88%,利用IMS雪冰产品监测积雪范围是可靠的. 然而,IMS雪冰产品精度具有区域差异性,北疆地区在1月和2月误判率偏高,青藏高原地区积雪季有严重的漏判现象. IMS雪冰产品的准确率在东北地区和北疆地区随着雪深的增加而升高,当东北地区雪深超过6 cm,北疆地区超过13 cm时,准确率接近100%,但是,青藏高原地区两者基本没有关系. 通过在青藏高原地区与同时相的4景MODIS积雪产品对比分析发现,实际上IMS雪冰产品相对地高估了积雪面积,青藏高原地区漏判率高其原因是IMS对零碎积雪的识别能力不足并且气象站分布不均匀.  相似文献   

皮肤镜图像分析技术在育发类产品的功效评价研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孟如松  蔡瑞康  赵广  孟晓  姜志国 《CT理论与应用研究》2010,19(1):71-76

目的:探讨皮肤镜图像分析技术在育发类产品的功效评价。方法:随机收集雄激素性脱发患者58例,经知情同意后自愿参加产品试用者;取得0周、4周、8周和12周的宏观和皮肤镜微观图像,经观察测得靶目标终毛根数和终毛数密度参数的变化;设实验组与对照组,经自身对照评价其功效。结果:实验组32例,有效率84.37%;对照组22例,有效率86.36%;实验组和对照组的各周次与0周次及两组间比较,产品功效随着时间的推移其各组参数变化均具有显著意义,P0.01。结论:本文采用皮肤镜图像分析技术,客观评价了毛发的生长情况及应用于育发类产品的功效评价,并探讨了皮肤镜的功效判定标准,在临床获得满意的结果;本研究具有无创性、客观性和操作简便的特点,可作为毛发的基础研究和育发类产品功效评价的辅助工具。  相似文献   

FT-IR Study of the Kinetics and Products of the Reactions of Dimethylsulphide, Dimethylsulphoxide and Dimethylsulphone with Br and BrO   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

B. Ballesteros  N. R. Jensen  J. Hjorth 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,43(2):135-150

Kinetics and products of the gas-phase reactions of dimethylsulphide (DMS), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and dimethylsulphone (DMSO₂) with Br atoms and BrO radicals in air have beeninvestigated using on-line Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) as analytical technique at 740 ± 5 Torr total pressure and at 296 ± 3 K in a480 L reaction chamber. Using a relative rate method for determining the rate constants; the following values (expressed in cm³molecule^–1 s^–1) were found: k_DMS+Br = (4.9 ±1.0) ×10^–14, k_DMSO + Br < 6 × 10^–14,k_{DMSO 2} + Br 1 × 10^–15,k_DMSO + BrO = (1.0 ± 0.3) × 10^–14 andk_{DMSO 2} + BrO 3 × 10^–15 (allvalues are given with one on the experimental data). DMSO, SO₂, COS, CH₃SBr andCH₃SO₂Br were identified as the main sulphur containing products of the oxidation of DMS by Br atoms. From the reaction between DMSO and Br atoms, DMSO₂and CH₃SO₂Br were the only sulphur containing products thatwere identified. DMSO, DMSO₂ and SO₂ were identified as themain sulphur containing products of the reaction between DMS and BrO.DMSO₂ was found to be the only product of the reaction between DMSO and BrO. For the reactions of DMSO₂ with Br and BrO no products were identified because the reactions were too slow.The implications of these results for atmospheric chemistry are discussed.  相似文献   

Products and Mechanism of the NO<Subscript>3</Subscript> Reaction with Thiophene     

B.?Caba?asEmail author  M.?T.?Baeza  P.?Martín  S.?Salgado  F.?Villanueva  E.?Monedero  K.?Wirtz 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,51(3):317-335

Products of the gas-phase reaction of the NO₃ radical with thiophene have been investigated using different experimental systems. On the one hand, experiments have been conducted in our laboratory using two different methods, a Teflon static reactor coupled to a gas chromatograph combined with mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and a discharge flow tube with direct MS spectroscopic detection. A qualitative analysis in these cases indicates that possible products for the reaction of thiophene+NO₃ at room temperature include: sulphur dioxide, acetic and formic acids, a short-chain aldehyde, 2-nitrothiophene and 3-nitrothiophene. On the other hand, quantitative experiments have been performed in the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE) in Valencia, Spain. In this case, the major products were: HNO₃ (≈80%), nitrothiophenes (≈30%), SO₂ (≈20%), propanal (3%) and a fraction of particles (≈10%). The results obtained indicate that at least 70% of the reaction of NO₃ with thiophene proceeds by an H-abstraction process at room temperature. The mechanism of the reaction studied is proposed on the basis of experimental results.  相似文献   

PROPERTIES OF PROTEOLYTIC TOXIN OF VIBRIO ANGUILLARUM FROM DISEASED FLOUNDER   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

莫照兰  陈师勇  张培军 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(4):316-322

Extracellular products(ECP)produced by Vibrio anguillarum strain M3 originally isolated from diseased flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)were prepared.ECP of M3 showed gelatinase,casinase,amylase and haemolytic activity on agarose plates.High protease activity against azocasin was detected.Bacterium M3 showed highest growth and protease activity at 25℃。The Protease present in ECP showed maximal activity at pH 8 and 55℃；was completely inactivated by application of 80℃ heat for 30 min;was completely inhibited by EDTA and HgCl2,and was partially inhibited by PMSF,SDS,MnCl2 and iodoacetic acid;but not inhibited by CaCl2 and MgCl2.The ECP was toxic to flounder fish at LD50 values of 3.1 μg protein/g body weight.The addition of HgCl2 and application of heat at 50℃ decreased the lethal toxicity of ECP.When heated at 100℃,ECP lethality to flounder was completely in-hibited.After intramuscular injection of ECP into flounder,it showed evident histopathological changes including necrosis of muscle,extensive deposition of haemosiderin in the spleen,dilated bolld vessels congested with numerous lymphocytes in the liver.These results showed that ECP protease was a lethal factor produced by the baterium V.anguillarum M3.  相似文献   

Metabolic changes in Phaeocystis poucheti (Hariot) Lagerheim during the spring bloom in Belgian coastal waters     

Christiane Lancelot 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,18(5):593-600

Incorporation of ¹⁴C-bicarbonate into the major intracellular end-products of photosynthesis (protein, polysaccharide, lipid) and two classes of exoproducts (oligomers and polymers) was measured in Belgian coastal waters at different stages of the spring phytoplankton bloom, entirely dominated by the alga Phaeocystis poucheti. It was shown that intracellular protein synthesis contributed 20–42% of the total intracellular ¹⁴C fixed and was positively correlated with the inorganic nitrogen content of the surrounding medium. The decrease of protein synthesis following nitrogen depletion is balanced by an increase of intracellular polysaccharide synthesis, which varies from 22 to 42% of the intracellular ¹⁴C fixed, and by an increase in extracellular release of high molecular weight material (18–60% of total ¹⁴C fixed) which forms a mucous envelope where cells are embedded. Lipid synthesis is not correlated with the ambient inorganic nitrogen content and represents a rather constant proportion (about 20%) of the intracellular ¹⁴C fixed.  相似文献