Climatology Comparison Studies of Precipitations Between GPCP and Rain Gauges in China          下载免费PDF全文

ZI Yong  XU Yinlong  FU Yunfei 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(3):322-333

The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly rainfall data and the rainfall records observed by 740 rain gauges in the mainland of China are used to analyze similarities and differences of the precipitation in China in the period from January 1980 to December 2000. Results expose significantly consistent rainfall distributions between the both data in multi-year mean, multi-year seasonal mean, and multi-year monthly mean. Departures of monthly rainfall for each dataset also show a high correlation with an over 0.8 correlation coefficient. Analysis indicates small differences of both datasets during autumn, winter, and spring, but relative large ones in summer. Generally, the GPCP has trend of overestimating the rainfall rate. Based on above good relationship of both datasets, the GPCP data are used to represent distributions and variations of precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau and Northwest China. Results indicate positive departures of precipitation in summer in the west part of Tibetan Plateau in the 1980s and negative departures after the 1980s. For the west part of Northwest China, analysis illustrates precipitation decreases a little, but no clear variation tendency.  相似文献   

气候变迁下的古雷电印象浅析     

高燚 《广西气象》2006,27(1):48-51,54

探讨和总结了古雷电研究的4种方法：①地质记录中的古气候标志方法；②氧同位索测量古温度方法；③冰川冰期与气候冷暖方法；④史料记载的研究方法。应用这4种方法分别对史前气候变迁下的古雷电进行描述，然后再从史料记载中，浓缩了古雷电的记录，分析了古雷电印象。  相似文献   

20世纪气候学理论研究的十项成就   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王绍武 《地球科学进展》2000,15(3):277-282

回顾了20世纪气候学理论研究的主要成就,包括世界三大涛动、高低指数、月平均环流、瓦克环流、温室效应、月平均环流预测、ENSO预测、时滞振子理论、温盐环流及季平均环流预测。另外,对可能成为21世纪初气候学理论研究的几个热点问题作了分析,即气候预测、东亚季风、ENSO、年代际气候变率以及温室效应的检测。  相似文献   

Variational data assimilation for deriving global climate analyses from GNSS radio occultation data     

A. Löscher  G. Kirchengast 《GPS Solutions》2008,12(4):227-235

A comprehensive global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based radio occultation (RO) data set is available for meteorology and climate applications since the start of GNSS RO measurements aboard the CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite in February 2001. Global coverage, all-weather capability, long-term stability and accuracy not only makes this innovative use of GNSS signals a valuable supplement to the data set assimilated into numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems but also an excellent candidate for global climate monitoring. We present a 3D variational data assimilation (3D-Var) scheme developed to derive consistent global analysis fields of temperature, specific humidity, and surface pressure from GNSS RO data. The system is based on the assimilation of RO data within 6 h time windows into European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) short-term (24 h, 30 h) forecasts, to derive climatologic monthly mean fields. July 2003 was used as a test-bed for assessing the system’s performance. The results show good agreement with climatologies derived from RO data only and recent NWP impact studies. These findings are encouraging for future developments to apply the approach for longer term climatologic analyses, validation of other data sets, and atmospheric variability studies.  相似文献   

Variability of precipitation and temperature in Guanajuato,Mexico     

B.S. Barrett  M.I. Esquivel Longoria 《Atmósfera》2013,26(4):521-536

Variability of precipitation and temperature was examined on multiple time scales using data from five surface observing stations in the center of Guanajuato state, Mexico, as well as gridded data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). Frequency of days with total precipitation exceeding the 90th percentile was not found to have increased from 1979-2011. However, frequency of days with maximum temperature above the 90th percentile more than doubled from 1979-2011, and frequency of days with maximum temperature below the 10th percentile decreased by almost half over the same period, an important result given the scarcity of water resources for the agriculture-based economy. Precipitation within the growing season was found to vary by phase of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), with MJO phases 1-3 associated with above-normal rainfall and MJO phases 4-7 with normal or below normal rainfall. Composite anomalies of precipitation, surface pressure, surface wind, surface temperature, and 700 mbar height showed that days with rainfall in Guanajuato were associated with on-shore, upslope flow, reduced surface temperatures, and reduced potential evaporation. Composites for MJO phases 1-3 and 8 agreed well with these anomalies. Similarly, composite anomalies for days without rainfall in Guanajuato showed warm surface temperatures, broad anticyclonic flow over much of northern Mexico, and enhanced potential evaporation. Composites for MJO phases 4-7 agreed well with these anomalies.  相似文献   

南海地区对流层大气准两年振荡的垂直结构特征     

卢峰  王黎娟  郑彬  邓小金 《热带气象学报》2011,27(4):484-494

利用NCEP(the National Centers for Environmental Prediction)月平均再分析资料,并结合欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)月平均再分析资料,研究了中国南海地区(Sout...  相似文献   

1953-2010年浙西南山区降水与旱涝变化特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

吴昊旻  杨羡敏  姜燕敏 《气象与环境学报》2013,29(3):58-62

根据1953-2010年浙西南山区逐月降水资料,在对不同时间尺度降水进行气候分析的基础上,利用降水距平百分率研究年、季和月尺度上旱涝分布特征,并通过Morlet连续小波变化探讨旱涝演变趋势。结果表明：近58 a来,浙西南山区降水量和雨日均呈下降趋势,且雨日减少幅度较明显,约每10 a减少3.39 d。其中降水量以8月增多最显著,5月下降最明显;雨日则以5月和12月的减少最为突出。用Morlet小波分析得出旱涝存在不同尺度的周期分量,并且各周期强度有所不同,其中以4-8 a周期和16-20 a周期最为强烈,2010年后浙西南山区旱涝将向偏涝方向发展。年际尺度上,浙西南山区旱涝主要表现为轻旱和轻涝;季和月尺度上,以8-12月旱涝发生最为频繁,其中干旱概率多于洪涝,但洪涝强度大于干旱。  相似文献   

夏季海洋性大陆区域OLR年际变动与中国长江中上游旱涝的关系   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

宋大伟  管兆勇  唐卫亚 《热带气象学报》2011,27(4):560-568

利用1979—2007年的NECP资料、GISST月平均资料和中国160个降水测站资料，用SVD方法分析了热带海洋性大陆区域OLR与夏季中国降水场的关系。结果表明：孟加拉湾、南海季风槽、南太平洋辐合带（SPCZ）、印尼群岛及其附近海域的对流活动与我国夏季长江中上游降水场存在密切联系。若孟加拉湾、南海季风槽、南太平洋辐合带区的OLR偏高（偏低），及东印度洋、印尼群岛附近的OLR偏低（偏高），则夏季长江中上游及以北地区的降水偏多（偏少）。定义了与长江中上游降水相关的海洋性大陆区域OLR指数IMCOLR，并由IMCOLR指数确定高低值年再进行合成分析，发现印尼群岛及其海域气柱内净的辐射和海表热通量的异常增加，有利于该地区对流活动增强和OLR负异常的产生和维持；而孟加拉湾、南海和热带西太平洋存在海表热通量的减弱和辐射冷却的加强，有利于对流活动减弱，导致潜热释放异常减少和维持OLR正异常。热带海洋性大陆区域对流活动IMCOLR与海表温度异常间的相关关系表明，热带海洋性大陆地区对流活动的年际变动可受到热带印度洋海温异常和太平洋区域“三级型”海温异常的共同影响。这些热力强迫异常可导致对流层低层大气异常响应，产生P-J类遥相关，影响中国长江流域中上游降水异常。  相似文献   

太平洋海温与我国气温的关联     

石凤云  唐佑民  罗京义  戴瑛 《成都信息工程学院学报》1991,(1)

本文首先利用交叉相关系数经验自然正交展开,分析了太平洋海温场与我国气温场的遥相关,得出了相关关联区;在此基础上,通过复经验自然正交展开(CEOF),对关联区的海温和气温时空变化及相互联系作了讨论。  相似文献   

The lunar tides in the Antarctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere     

D.J. Sandford  N.J. Mitchell  R.A. Vincent  D.J. Murphy 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(17-18):2219

Horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over the Antarctic have been measured by a meteor radar at Rothera (67.5°S, 68.0°W) and MF radar at Davis (68.6°S, 78.0°E). Data from Rothera recorded over a 20-month interval in 2005–2006 and data from Davis recorded over the 13-year interval 1994–2006 are examined to investigate the monthly mean behaviour of the lunar semidiurnal tide. Both data sets show a clear signal of the 12.42-h lunar semidiurnal (M₂) tide. The amplitude reaches values as large as 8 m s⁻¹. The vertical wavelengths of the tide vary seasonally from 10 to 65 km. Comparisons of the phase of the tide measured over the two sites reveals that it does not purely consist of a migrating wavenumber 2 mode. This suggests that other, non-migrating, modes are likely to be present.  相似文献