Speleothem evidence of warm episodes in northeast France during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 and implications for permafrost distribution in northern Europe     

Edwige Pons-Branchu  Bruno Hamelin  Stephane Jaillet 《Quaternary Research》2010,74(2):246-251

U-Th ages have been obtained by TIMS on the growth periods of a stalagmite from the “Grotte des Puits de Pierre-la-Treiche” (northeastern France), during the middle part of the “Weichselian glaciation” (Marine Isotope Stage 3), between 55.36 ± 0.95 and 53.34 ± 0.49 ka and around 45.85 ± 0.49 ka. These episodes are contemporaneous with abrupt climatic variations recorded in Greenland ice cores (Greenland interstadials 12, 14 and 15) that have been previously recognized in European speleothems. They also coincide with two interstadials, known as “Goulotte” and “Pile” in the Grande Pile pollen sequence (eastern France), which have been correlated with the Moershoofd complex in the Netherlands. Such evidence of speleothem deposition related to temperate episodes gives a strong indication of the absence of continuous shallow permafrost during the middle part of MIS 3 in northeastern France.  相似文献   

Basalt weathering and trace elements migration in the boreal Arctic zone     

O.S. Pokrovsky  J. Schott  B. Dupr 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):304

Chemical weathering of basalts in the Putorana Plateau, Central Siberia, has been studied by combining chemical and mineralogical analysis of solids (rocks, soils, river sediments and suspended matter) and fluid solution chemistry in order to quantify CO₂ consumption and to assess the major factors controlling basic rock weathering under permafrost-dominated taiga climate. The chemical status of  40 major and trace elements (TE) in pristine boreal rivers and interstitial solutions of permafrost soils has been investigated using in-field ultrafiltration procedure. This revealed strong relationships between concentration of TE and that of major inorganic components of colloids, i.e., Fe or Al. Decomposing plant litter and permafrost thawing are considered important sources of most major and trace elements in Arctic rivers during summertime.  相似文献   

多年冻土区森林大火对生态服务功能的影响研究     

李晓英  金会军  何瑞霞  黄亚冬 《气候变化研究进展》2020,16(5):545-554

在气候变暖背景下,大兴安岭森林大火导致多年冻土退化,植被发生更新和演替,对森林生态系统服务功能造成重要影响。文中选取大兴安岭北部多年冻土区满归和阿龙山火烧区为研究对象,通过定量方法计算了林火后,固碳释氧效益损失;净化环境效益损失,包括吸收SO₂和粉尘净化价值;水文效益损失,包括防洪和涵养水源效益;小气候效益损失;保护野生生物以及游憩效益损失。研究发现,满归和阿龙山火烧后,生态系统服务效益损失重大。其中,固碳释氧效益和净化环境效益损失较大,分别占总效益损失的42.34%和41.94%;水文效益和保护野生生物效益损失较小,分别为2.82%和0.80%;小气候效益和游憩效益居中,分别占8.61%和3.49%。即使针叶林生态系统恢复到阔叶林生态系统,净化环境效益损失仍然可达69.3%。由此看来,保护多年冻土区的针叶林,减少森林火灾的发生对维持多年冻土区森林生态系统的稳定性和可持续发展至关重要。  相似文献   

青海湖水位波动对气候暖湿化情景的响应及其机理研究     

李林  申红艳  刘彩红  校瑞香 《气候变化研究进展》2020,16(5):600-608

利用1961—2015年青海湖水位资料及其流域气温、降水量、蒸发量等气象观测资料,高原季风、西风环流气候等指数及植被数据,分析青海湖水位波动的基本特征,揭示高原季风、西风环流、植被覆盖、径流以及冻土退化对湖泊水位波动的影响机理,建立基于水量平衡的青海湖水位变化的定量评估模型。研究表明：2004年前后,青海湖水位出现由降到升的突变,自2005年以来持续回升;水位波动具有8 a和21 a的显著性周期;全球变暖背景下高原季风增强、西风环流趋弱、气候趋于暖湿、流域植被恢复、冻土退化和径流量显著增大,引起了2005年以来青海湖水位的持续回升。基于湖泊水量平衡原理建立的气候变化对青海湖水位影响定量评估模型,能够客观反映青海湖流域上年及当年降水量、流量和蒸发量对湖泊水位的效应。  相似文献   

Gas production from a cold, stratigraphically-bounded gas hydrate deposit at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Implications of uncertainties   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G.J. MoridisS. Silpngarmlert  M.T. Reagan  T. CollettK. Zhang 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(2):517-534

As part of an effort to identify suitable targets for a planned long-term field test, we investigate by means of numerical simulation the gas production potential from unit D, a stratigraphically bounded (Class 3) permafrost-associated hydrate occurrence penetrated in the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well on North Slope, Alaska. This shallow, low-pressure deposit has high porosities (? = 0.4), high intrinsic permeabilities (k = 10⁻¹² m²) and high hydrate saturations (S_H = 0.65). It has a low temperature (T = 2.3-2.6 °C) because of its proximity to the overlying permafrost. The simulation results indicate that vertical wells operating at a constant bottomhole pressure would produce at very low rates for a very long period. Horizontal wells increase gas production by almost two orders of magnitude, but production remains low. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the initial deposit temperature is by the far the most important factor determining production performance (and the most effective criterion for target selection) because it controls the sensible heat available to fuel dissociation. Thus, a 1 °C increase in temperature is sufficient to increase the production rate by a factor of almost 8. Production also increases with a decreasing hydrate saturation (because of a larger effective permeability for a given k), and is favored (to a lesser extent) by anisotropy.  相似文献   

The impacts of permafrost change on NPP and implications: A case of the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers     

Yiping Fang  Dahe Qin  Yongjian Ding  Jianping Yang  Keyan Xu 《山地科学学报》2011,8(3):437-447

This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and annual average air temperature (GT) at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic spline interpolating functions,and non-linear regression methods.The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were selected as the research areas.Results illustrate that:(1) There is significant non-linear relationship between NPP and GT in various typical years;(2) The maximum value of NPP is 6.17,5.87,7....  相似文献   

Numerical analysis of permafrost effects on the seismic site response     

Zhaohui Yang  Utpal Dutta  Gang Xu  Kenan Hazirbaba  Elmer E. Marx 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011

Some of the damage to the infrastructure observed in past earthquakes occurred in Alaska could be related to the existence of permafrost. However, only limited research has been carried out so far to investigate the effects of permafrost on the seismic site response. Permafrost with relatively high shear wave velocity (1000–1500 m/s) extensively exists in the interior of Alaska and causes anomaly in the shear wave velocity profile that may alter the site response. In current design practices, permafrost has been treated as bedrock and its potential effects on site response are ignored. A systematic investigation was conducted to understand the effects of permafrost on the ground motion characteristics using one-dimensional equivalent linear analysis for the MCE, AASHTO and IBC Design Earthquake level hazards. The average surface displacement, velocity and acceleration response spectra for a typical permafrost site were obtained and the worst case scenario was identified. The results show that the presence of permafrost can significantly alter the ground motion characteristics and it may not be conservative to ignore the effects of permafrost in the seismic design of civil structures.  相似文献   

Microscopic and environmental controls on the spacing and thickness of segregated ice lenses     

Alan W. Rempel 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(2):316-324

The formation of segregated ice is of fundamental importance to a broad range of permafrost and periglacial features and phenomena. Models have been developed to account for the microscopic interactions that drive water migration, and predict key macroscopic characteristics of ice lenses, such as their spacings and thicknesses. For a given set of sediment properties, the temperature difference between the growing and incipient lenses is shown here to depend primarily on the ratio between the effective stress and the temperature deviation from bulk melting at the farthest extent of pore ice. This suggests that observed spacing between ice lenses in frozen soils, or traces of lenses in soils that once contained segregated ice, might be used to constrain the combinations of effective stress and temperature gradient that were present near the time and location at which the lower lens in each pair was initiated. The thickness of each lens has the potential to contain even more information since it depends additionally on the rate of temperature change and the permeability of the sediment at the onset of freezing. However, these complicating factors make it more difficult to interpret thickness data in terms of current or former soil conditions.  相似文献   

Experimental and theoretical deformation of ice-rock mixtures: Implications on rheology and ice content of Martian permafrost     

N. Mangold  P. AllemandP. Duval  Y. GeraudP. Thomas 《Planetary and Space Science》2002,50(4):385-401

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青藏公路沿线热喀斯特湖分布特征及其热效应研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

牛富俊  董晟  林战举  鲁嘉濠  罗京 《地球科学进展》2013,28(6):695-702

热喀斯特湖的出现和发育是多年冻土变暖的指示器,研究热喀斯特湖发育及其热效应是应对青藏高原气候变化和人类活动诱发冻土灾害的基础工作.基于SPOT-5卫星影像资料,在ArcGIS平台下解译遥感影像,获取了青藏公路沿线楚玛尔河至风火山段热喀斯特湖的数量和分布特征,这些热喀斯特湖以楚玛尔河高平原和北麓河盆地为主要分布区,且80％发育于高含冰量多年冻土区.热喀斯特湖通过竖向和侧向2种传热方式影响多年冻土,竖向传热会造成其下部多年冻土融穿,侧向传热会造成湖岸多年冻土增温,扩大热影响范围.通过北麓河地区一典型热喀斯特湖的数值计算,湖全年都在向湖岸放热.当热喀斯特湖离路基较近,将会对公路产生潜在或者直接的危害,其侧向热侵蚀往往会导致冻土路基温度升高,诱发路基病害.  相似文献