基于GNSS网络的实时精密单点定位及精度分析   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

李浩军  王解先  陈俊平  胡丛玮  王虎 《地球物理学报》2010,53(6):1302-1307

基于局域GNSS网络,以历元间、星间差分技术实时估计了GPS卫星相对钟差的历元间差值;针对所估计实时精密钟差的特征,推导了实时精密单点定位的估计模型.对所估计得到的相对钟差的历元间差值、实时定位结果分别进行了比较、分析.结果表明,相对钟差的历元间差值与IGS的最终星历相比其精度可以达到0.08 ns;每小时观测的实时静态定位结果在N、E、U三个方向的精度分别为1.47、3.62、4.09 cm.动态模式,实时结果在N、E、U三个方向的精度分别为2.63、3.82、5.20 cm.与采用IGS最终轨道和钟差解算的结果相比较,实时计算结果优于采用精密轨道和精密钟差计算结果.  相似文献   

Sequential monitoring of beach litter using webcams   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shin’ichiro Kako  Atsuhiko Isobe 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(5):775-779

This study attempts to establish a system for the sequential monitoring of beach litter using webcams placed at the Ookushi beach, Goto Islands, Japan, to establish the temporal variability in the quantities of beach litter every 90 min over a one and a half year period. The time series of the quantities of beach litter, computed by counting pixels with a greater lightness than a threshold value in photographs, shows that litter does not increase monotonically on the beach, but fluctuates mainly on a monthly time scale or less. To investigate what factors influence this variability, the time derivative of the quantity of beach litter is compared with satellite-derived wind speeds. It is found that the beach litter quantities vary largely with winds, but there may be other influencing factors.  相似文献   

Predicting global landslide spatiotemporal distribution： Integrating landslide susceptibility zoning techniques and real-time satellite rainfall estimates   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Yang HONG  Robert F. ABLER 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(3):249-257

Landslides triggered by rainfall can possibly be foreseen in real time by jointly using rainfall intensity-duration thresholds and information related to land surface susceptibility. However, no system exists at either a national or a global scale to monitor or detect rainfall conditions that may trigger landslides due to the lack of sufficient ground-based observing network in many parts of the world. Recent advances in satellite remote sensing technology and increasing availability of high-resolution geospatial products around the globe have provided an unprecedented opportunity for such a study. In this paper, a framework for developing a preliminary real-time prediction system to identify where rainfall-triggered landslides will occur is proposed by combining two necessary components： surface landslide susceptibility and a real-time space-based rainfall analysis system （http：//trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov）. First, a global landslide susceptibility map is derived from a combination of semi-static global surface characteristics （digital elevation topography, slope, soil types, soil texture, land cover classification, etc.） using a GIS weighted linear combination approach. Second, an adjusted empirical relationship between rainfall intensity-duration and landslide occurrence is used to assess landslide hazards at areas with high susceptibility. A major outcome of this work is the availability for the first time of a global assessment of landslide hazards, which is only possible because of the utilization of global satellite remote sensing products. This preliminary system can be updated continuously using the new satellite remote sensing products. This proposed system, if pursued through wide interdisciplinary efforts as recommended herein, bears the promise to grow many local landslide hazard analyses into a global decision-making support system for landslide disaster preparedness and mitigation activities across the world.  相似文献   

基于面平均雨量误差修正的实时洪水预报修正方法     

司伟  包为民  瞿思敏  石朋 《湖泊科学》2018,30(2):533-541

空间集总式水文模型的洪水预报精度会受到面平均雨量估计误差的严重影响.点雨量监测值的误差类型、误差大小以及流域的雨量站点密度和站点的空间分布都会影响到面平均雨量的计算.为提高实时洪水预报精度,本文提出了一种基于降雨系统响应曲线洪水预报误差修正方法.通过此方法估计降雨输入项的误差,从而提高洪水预报精度.此方法将水文模型做为输入和输出之间的响应系统,用实测流量和计算流量之间的差值做为信息,通过降雨系统响应曲线,使用最小二乘估计原理,对面平均雨量进行修正,再用修正后的面平均雨量重新计算出流过程.将此修正方法结合新安江模型使用理想案例进行检验,并应用于王家坝流域的16场历史洪水以及此流域不同雨量站密度的情况下,结果证明均有明显修正效果,且在雨量站密度较低时修正效果更加明显.该方法是一种结构简单且不增加模型参数和复杂度的实时洪水修正的新方法.  相似文献   

水力压裂微地震井地联合监测系统及仪器   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

朱亚东洋  王金磊  孙锋  吕昊  林君  陈祖斌 《地球物理学报》2017,60(11):4282-4293

水力压裂技术是油气田增产和低渗透油田开发的有效技术手段,通过监测油层裂缝延展过程中产生的微地震事件,能够有效地判断裂缝走向.现有的井中监测方法存在成本较高、施工难度大的问题;地面监测存在信号信噪比低、垂向分辨能力差等问题.本文采用井地联合微地震监测的方法,在地面布置采集仪器的同时,选择邻近的单口监测井放置井中仪器,对微地震事件进行联合监测定位.采用联合监测的方法,在水平方向和垂直方向上都能够获得较好的监测视角,对比单一监测方法提高了微地震事件的定位精度.在此方法的基础上研制的井地联合微地震监测仪器系统,解决了现有仪器系统在进行联合监测时通讯链路不通的问题,实现了在压裂施工现场对微地震联合监测数据的实时回收、处理及结果呈现.应用本系统在大庆油田进行现场监测,获取的微地震事件对压裂裂缝进行了有效评价;通过对已知射孔点进行反演定位,采用井地联合监测将定位误差由地面监测的32 m降低至14 m,验证了本文技术的有效性.  相似文献   

突发型黄土滑坡监测预警理论方法研究——以甘肃黑方台为例     

许强  彭大雷  何朝阳  亓星  赵宽耀  修德皓 《工程地质学报》2020,28(1):111-121

灌溉诱发的黄土滑坡大多数具有明显的突发性特征;斜坡破坏过程变形量小,历时短,具有较大的危险性。由于此类黄土滑坡加速变形阶段经历时间较短,GNSS系统和裂缝计等传统监测手段难以获取加速变形阶段系统完整的监测数据,更难以提前预警。针对这一难题,自主研发了自适应智能变频裂缝仪,它能够根据滑坡变形快慢自动调整采样频率。基于获取的黑方台多个突发型黄土滑坡的全过程变形-时间曲线,对这些变形曲线特征和规律进行分析研究,建立了针对性的黄土滑坡综合预警模型。将变形速率阈值和改进切线角作为滑坡预警的重要指标,建立了4级预警判据,通过自主研发的"地质灾害实时监测预警系统"实现滑坡的实时自动预警,并将预警信息与当地的群防群测信息平台对接,为防灾应急避让提供直接依据。2017年以来已先后6次对黑方台黄土滑坡实施成功预警,避免了重大人员伤亡,取得显著的防灾减灾效果。  相似文献   

Development and assessment of GPS virtual reference stations for RTK positioning   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

G.R. Hu  H.S. Khoo  P.C. Goh  C.L. Law 《Journal of Geodesy》2003,77(5-6):292-302

  相似文献   

北海市高精度特大比例尺航空摄影试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

谯章明  冯平 《铀矿地质》1998,14(4):249-254

本文介绍了高精度特大比例尺航空摄影的技术难点、国内现状和新型航摄系统的先进功能,论证了高精度航摄质量的可靠性。本试验的成功为我国低空航摄领域填补了一项空白。  相似文献   

An ANN algorithm for automatic, real-time tsunami detection in deep-sea level measurements     

Gian Mario Beltrami   《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(5-6):572-587

The present paper looks at algorithms to be implemented in the software of bottom pressure recorders (BPRs) for the automatic, real-time detection of a tsunami within recorded signals. The structure of an algorithm based on the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) is presented and compared to the one developed under the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) program run by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The performance and efficiency of the two algorithms are compared using both synthetic and actually measured time series. Results show that an improvement in detection performance can be obtained by using the ANN algorithm.  相似文献   

Magnetic field fossilization and tail reconfiguration in Titan's plasma environment during a magnetopause passage: 3D adaptive hybrid code simulations     

Joachim Müller  Sven Simon  Karl-Heinz Glassmeier  Joachim Saur  Gavin J. Pringle 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(12):1526-1546

We present a hybrid simulation study (kinetic ions, fluid electrons) of Titan's plasma interaction during an excursion of this moon from Saturn's magnetosphere into its magnetosheath, as observed for the first time during Cassini's T32 flyby on 13 June 2007. In contrast to earlier simulations of Titan's plasma environment under non-stationary upstream conditions, our model considers a difference in the flow directions of magnetospheric and magnetosheath plasma. Two complementary scenarios are investigated, with the flow directions of the impinging magnetospheric/magnetosheath plasmas being (A) antiparallel and (B) parallel. In both cases, our simulations show that due to the drastically reduced convection speed in the slow and dense heavy ion plasma near Titan, the satellite carries a bundle of “fossilized” magnetic field lines from the magnetosphere in the magnetosheath. Furthermore, the passage through Saturn's magnetopause goes along with a disruption of Titan's pick-up tail. Although the tail is not detached from the satellite, large clouds of heavy ion plasma are stripped of its outer flank, featuring a wave-like pattern. Whereas in case (B) under parallel flow conditions there is only a small retardation of about 5 min between the passage of Titan through the magnetopause and the reconfiguration of the pick-up tail, the tail reconfiguration in the case (A) scenario is completed not until 25 min after the magnetopause passage. The lifetime of fossil fields in the moon's ionosphere is approximately 25 min, regardless of whether parallel or antiparallel flow conditions are applied.  相似文献