Three-dimensional forward stratigraphic modelling of the sedimentary architecture of meandering-river successions in evolving half-graben rift basins     

Na Yan  Luca Colombera  Nigel P. Mountney 《Basin Research》2020,32(1):68-90

The spatial organisation of meandering-river deposits varies greatly within the sedimentary fills of rift basins, depending on how differential rates of fault propagation and subsidence interplay with autogenic processes to drive changes in fluvial channel-belt position and rate of migration, avulsion frequency and mechanisms of meander-bend cut off. This set of processes fundamentally influences stacking patterns of the accumulated successions. Quantitative predictions of the spatio-temporal evolution and internal architecture of meandering fluvial deposits in such tectonically active settings remain limited. A numerical forward stratigraphic model—the Point-Bar Sedimentary Architecture Numerical Deduction (PB-SAND)—is applied to examine relationships between differential rates of subsidence and resultant fluvial channel-belt migration, reach avulsion and channel-deposit stacking in active, fault-bounded half-grabens. The model is used to reconstruct and predict the complex morphodynamics of fluvial meanders, their generated channel belts, and the associated lithofacies distributions that accumulate as heterogeneous fluvial successions in rift settings, constrained by data from seismic images and outcrop successions. The 3D modelling outputs are used to explore sedimentary heterogeneity at various spatio-temporal scales. Results show how the connectivity of sand-prone geobodies can be quantified as a function of subsidence rate, which itself decreases both along and away from the basin-bounding fault. In particular, results highlight the spatial variability in the size and connectedness of sand-prone geobodies that is seen in directions perpendicular and parallel to the basin axis, and that arises as a function of the interaction between spatial and temporal variations in rates of accommodation generation and fault-influenced changes in river morphodynamics. The results have applied significance, for example, to both hydrocarbon exploration and assessment of groundwater aquifers. The expected greatest connectivity of fluvial sandbody in a half-graben is primarily determined by the complex interplay between the frequency and rate of subsidence, the style of basin propagation, the rates of migration of channel belts, the frequency of avulsion and the proportion and spatial distribution of variably sand-prone channel and bar deposits.  相似文献   

西北太平洋环境变化对柔鱼冬春生群体资源丰度年间变化的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

余为  陈新军  陈长胜  张瑜 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(10):48-59

The neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii is an economically important species in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The life cycle of O. bartramii is highly susceptible to climatic and oceanic factors. In this study, we have examined the impacts of climate variability and local biophysical environments on the interannual variability of the abundance of the western winter-spring cohort of O. bartramii over the period of 1995–2011. The results showed that the squid had experienced alternant positive and negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) over the past 17 years during which five El Ni?o and eight La Ni?a events occurred. The catch per unit effort(CPUE) was positively correlated with the PDO index(PDOI) at a one-year time lag. An abnormally warm temperature during the La Ni?a years over the positive PDO phase provided favorable oceanographic conditions for the habitats of O.bartramii, whereas a lower temperature on the fishing ground during the El Ni?o years over the negative PDO phase generally corresponded to a low CPUE. The same correlation was also found between CPUE and Chl a concentration anomaly. A possible explanation was proposed that the CPUE was likely related to the climateinduced variability of the large-scale circulation in the Northwest Pacific Ocean: high squid abundance often occurred in a year with a significant northward meander of the Kuroshio Current. The Kuroshio Current advected the warmer and food-rich waters into the fishing ground, and multiple meso-scale eddies arising from current instability enhanced the food retention on the fishing ground, all of which were favorable for the life stage development of the western squid stocks. Our results help better understand the potential process that the climatic and oceanographic factors affect the abundance of the winter-spring cohort of O. bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

基于卫星影像建立曲流河地质知识库及应用     

乔辉  王志章  李莉  李海明  潘潞  王开宇 《现代地质》2015,29(6):1444-1453

曲流河储层在国内各大油田中占有较大比例,建立曲流河地质知识库,对储层进行精细研究十分重要。采用GoogleEarth软件观测曲流河特征,建立6种发育模式;测量曲流河河道参数数据,分析统计参数间的相关关系。通过观测,将曲流河发育模式划分为单一河道低弯曲度小边滩发育型、单一河道高弯曲度大边滩发育型、简单河道低弯曲度小边滩发育型、 简单河道高弯曲度大边滩发育型、多河道低弯曲度小边滩发育型、多河道高弯曲度大边滩发育型6种类型。对曲流河参数数据进行统计分析,发现曲流河河道宽度与点坝长度、河道宽度与单一曲流带宽度 、点坝长度与点坝宽度间均具有较好的正相关关系。按曲率为1.1~1.5、1.5~2.5、2.5~4.5统计分析,参数间的正相关性高于所有数据参数分析结果。为此,建立了曲流河的定性模式和不同曲率下 曲流河的定量模式。研究结果可为地下曲流河储层研究提供相应模式和定量化指导。  相似文献   

Lateral accretion in a deep-marine channel complex: implications for channellized flow processes in turbidity currents     

MASON DYKSTRA  BEN KNELLER† 《Sedimentology》2009,56(5):1411-1432

Some deep-marine channels show striking similarities to fluvial channels, despite major differences in the properties of the flows that they conduct. Some field observations from deep-marine channel deposits within a Late Cretaceous palaeo-canyon in the Rosario Formation of Baja California, Mexico, that bear on these comparisons have been reported. These channel deposits contain erosively based lateral accretion sets. These sets are generally a few metres thick and resemble fluvial point bar deposits. Sediment movement and deposition within these accretion deposits was induced by turbidity currents several to many times thicker than the depth of the channel, moving at several metres per second. The inclined sets define laterally migrating and sinuous channels locally at a high angle to the confining canyon. The instantaneous channel widths varied from 6 to 39 m, the depths from 2·5 to 4 m and the sinuosities from 1·3 to 3·1. Palaeocurrent data, taken mostly from clast imbrication in conglomerates, indicates current modes along the channel thalweg, but with other directions representing either secondary flow (oriented primarily up the point bar) or over-passing canyon-confined flow. It is suggested that, at times, the lower part of the turbidity currents flowing down the channels behaved similarly to within-bank fluvial currents, with a cross-channel component of flow towards the cut bank, and return flow at the bed sweeping up the point bar. At other times, this secondary circulation may be absent or reversed, which may be related to changes in flow thickness, coupling with the overriding flow and possible flow separation.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区中侏罗统延安组延9油层组河流沉积及演化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李凤杰  王多云  刘自亮  王峰 《古地理学报》2009,11(3):275-183

据新的地层划分方案及大量钻井、露头和岩心资料,详细研究了鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区延安组延9油层组（Y9）沉积体系特征及演化,认为延9油层组主要为河流沉积,是延10油层组的继承与发展,发育有辫状河、辫状型曲流河和网状河3种类型的河流。Y39油层是辫状河发育的油层,Y29油层在继承Y39油层河流的基础上发育辫状型曲流河,Y19油层则是在前两期逐渐填平补齐之后,在准平原条件下发育的网状河沉积。华池地区延9油层组发育辫状河-辫状型曲流河和网状河两种河流沉积模式。  相似文献   

Fine‐grained meandering systems of the Lower Permian Clear Fork Formation of north‐central Texas,USA: Lateral and oblique accretion on an arid plain          下载免费PDF全文

Sharane S.T. Simon  Martin R. Gibling 《Sedimentology》2017,64(3):714-746

Facies models that adequately represent the diverse range of fine‐grained fluvial systems are currently lacking from the literature. In this paper, the spectrum of these systems on the arid plains of western equatorial Pangea is explored, as well as the source and nature of the fine‐grained sediments. Eight fluvial elements in the Early Permian Clear Fork Formation of north‐central Texas represent channel systems up to 7 m deep with coarse basal deposits, three types of lateral‐accretion deposits and sandstone sheets, with laminated, disrupted and massive mudstones laid down in abandoned channels and on floodplains. The three fine‐grained fluvial styles represent a continuum between two end‐members: sustained lateral accretion of bedload composed of quartzose sediments and mud aggregates on point bars, and oblique accretion of suspended sediment on steep accretionary benches and banks with limited lateral migration. This spectrum is controlled, in part, by grain size and the proportion of suspended to bedload sediments. The presence of rarely documented swept ripples on exhumed accretion surfaces is attributed to rapid decline in water levels and downstream re‐entry of overbank floodwaters into the channel. Rill casts, roots and disrupted mudstones low down in channel bodies indicate periods of near‐dryness. Laterally extensive sheet sandstones were formed by episodic flows in broad, sandbed channels. The fluvial sediments were primarily intrabasinally sourced with extrabasinal sediments brought in during major floods from upland source areas or reworked from local storage in the basin, representing a supply limited system. The upward change in cement composition from mainly calcite and ankerite to dolomite and gypsum with minor celestine implies increasingly saline groundwater and progressive aridification, supporting Late Palaeozoic palaeoclimatic models. By integrating petrographic data with sedimentology, a plethora of information about ancient landscapes and climate is provided, allowing a fuller comparison between the Clear Fork Formation and modern dryland alluvial plains.  相似文献   

曲流河浅水三角洲沉积过程与沉积模式探讨——沉积过程数值模拟与现代沉积分析的启示   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

冯文杰  吴胜和  张可  赵文凯  贾风娟 《地质学报》2017,91(9):2047-2064

浅水曲流河三角洲是近年来沉积学研究的热点和油气勘探的重点对象,国内外学者基于地下储层、露头、现代沉积进行了大量研究,关于浅水曲流河三角洲的沉积特征与沉积模式,不同学者往往持不同观点,在缺乏沉积过程与演化特征观察、分析的现状下,很难统一认识。基于此,本文选取鄱阳湖赣江三角洲这一典型的浅水曲流河三角洲,根据其水动力、水深、沉积物供给等数据,采用基于泥沙水动力学的沉积过程数值模拟软件(Delft3D)再现浅水曲流河三角洲的生长与演化过程,并与现代浅水曲流河三角洲对比验证,建立浅水曲流河三角洲沉积模式。研究表明:(1)在浅水环境下,曲流河三角洲快速向湖生长,三角洲前缘持续向前延伸并快速平原化,具有典型的宽平原-窄前缘的特征。三角洲垂向沉积厚度较小,但底积-前积-顶积三层结构完整。(2)浅水曲流河三角洲平原发育数条同期活跃的高弯度分流河道,在平原近端,分流河道存在频繁的侧向迁移现象,可对先期三角洲前缘、前三角洲沉积侵蚀改造,形成串珠状点坝,经长期侧向迁移可形成大规模的长条宽带状分流河道复合体,分流河道对先期沉积体的长期改造使得大部分厚层砂体呈正韵律,导致先期河口坝保存程度较低;在前缘远端,由于堤岸不稳定,分流河道往往存在决口改道现象,废弃的水道缺乏砂质沉积物供给而成为高泥质充填水道,多条废弃分流河道在三角洲平原远端形成高泥质充填河网系统。(3)浅水曲流河三角洲前缘水下分流河道是平原分流河道在水体中的短程延伸,水道长约300m,由于水体较浅,河口处水流冲刷能力较强,水携沉积物多在水下分流河道侧缘堆积形成指状坝。由于分流河道建设性极强,水下分流河道往往频繁发生决口或侧向摆动,经多期复合,可形成多分叉复合体指状坝,而前缘水下分流河道在废弃后往往被泥质充填。(4)受三角洲平原远端水道决口改道的控制,前缘多分叉指状复合坝沿岸线迁移,可形成大面积近等厚砂体。  相似文献   

济源上三叠统古土壤及其意义   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

尹国勋  张汉瑞 《地层学杂志》1996,20(2):128-133

河南省济源地区上三叠统曲流河体系中发现赋存于洪泛平原和天然堤沉积中的古土壤,湖泊体系中则发现滨岸泥滩和湖泊淤浅古土壤。本文总结了其野外识别标志,探讨其成因,并讨论了将其应用于地层对比、层序地层学研究、盆地和沉积环境分析等方面的前景。  相似文献   

渤海湾中部南堡35-2地区新第三系河流沉积及油气勘探意义   总被引：4，自引：8，他引：4  

杨玉卿  田洪  孟杰  乔悦东  高东升  王景花 《古地理学报》2001,3(4):77-84

渤海湾中部南堡35-2地区新三系河流沉积十分发育，可分为曲流河沉积和辫状河沉积两种类型。曲流河沉积以发育点砂坝、决口扇、天然堤和泛滥平原等微相单元为特征。辫状河沉积主要发育河道和心滩微相，泛滥平原微相不太发育。本重点研究了河流沉积各类微相的沉积特点，并将河流沉积的垂向层序归纳为6种类型。本还探讨了各类砂体的储集物性特征，认为点砂坝和心滩砂体是形成大油气田的优质储层，而油气藏的形成除与砂体的储集物性有关外，主要与区域构造条件密切相关。  相似文献   

钱塘江尖山河段北岸治江工程对环境影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

卢祥兴  韩曾萃 《水科学进展》2002,13(5):552-556

采用实测资料分析、数模计算和比尺模型试验等手段,研究比较尖山河段顺直和弯曲两种河势对钱塘江河口上游河床冲淤、潮汐、潮流、涌潮、盐水入侵等重要环境因子的差异.从钱塘江河口治理“减少进潮量、增大山潮水比值”的原则及多目标综合开发治理的目标和消除治理过程中已出现的不利因素考虑,应该采取弯曲河势更为有利.  相似文献