近60a来南京季节变化特征分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

潘航 《气象科学》2011,31(6):742-746

利用1951年1月-2010年12月南京市逐日气温观测资料,依据张宝堃应用候平均气温稳定通过某一临界值划分四季的标准,建立了近60 a南京的季节平均气温的时间序列,分析了近60a南京春、夏、秋、冬四季开始、结束及持续时间的变化特征,给出了季节气温的变化趋势以及候平均与入季时间、季节持续时间的相关分析.结果表明:近60a,南京入冬时间推迟,入夏时间提前.冬季变短,缩短的平均速率为2.9 d/10a;夏季变长,增加的平均速率为4.1d/10a;秋季变短,缩短的平均速率为1.5d/10a;春季略有些变长.南京冬、春季平均气温升高,且冬季气温升高更为显著,而夏、秋季平均气温下降,秋季气温下降略明显于夏季.冬季最低气温有升高的趋势,夏季最高气温与年较差有下降的趋势.春季入季时间与春季的平均气温成正相关,而秋季的入季时间与秋季平均气温成负相关;夏季的平均最低气温和平均气温与夏季的长度成负相关,冬季的平均最高气温和冬季的长度成正相关.  相似文献   

主汛期(6～8月)副高各指数与中国160站降雨的关系   总被引：13，自引：6，他引：13  

姚愚  严华生  程建刚 《热带气象学报》2004,20(6):651-661

利用1951～2001年共51年6～8月副高5个指数与同期中国160站降雨建立标准化的多元回归方程,通过分析副高5个指数的偏回归系数及各方程复相关系数在时间和地域上的分布和变化,研究了副高各指数所反映的位置、形状、面积、强度等特征对我国主汛期降雨的综合影响以及这种影响在季节和地域上的差异,结果表明副高北界位置指数和脊线位置指数主要影响雨带位置的变化,西伸脊点指数与我国大部地区雨量的丰欠有关,面积和强度指数则由于采用的方法而表现出对降雨的影响呈相反的特性.从副高对我国主汛期降雨的拟合能力上看,7月拟合能力比6月和8月好,对东部地区和华南地区的拟合能力分别比西部地区和华北地区好.  相似文献   

浙江沿岸张网中主要经济幼鱼发生量与当年渔汛渔获量的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周永东  徐汉祥  刘子藩 《海洋学研究》2009,27(3):54-60

通过对1998～2005年浙江中北部沿岸3个张网监测点的渔业监测调查,阐述了浙江沿岸张网渔业中的主要经济幼鱼带鱼、小黄鱼、鲳鱼的渔获量比例月变化;同时结合浙江省的渔业统计资料和主要鱼种的生物学测定资料,以张网渔业中主要经济鱼种的平均网获量作为预报当年渔汛补充群体渔获量的主要影响因子,经回归统计分析,分别建立了带鱼和小黄鱼的渔获量单因子预报方程.结果表明:2000～2005年,张网中的带鱼、小黄鱼、鲳鱼3种主要经济鱼类幼鱼合计占总渔获量的月平均比例达22.79%,6～8月为幼鱼的出现高峰期,月平均比例为53.86%,7月份达到最高值,为62.66%.其中5～9月幼带鱼占渔获量的月平均比例范围为11.42%～46.42%,6～11月小黄鱼占渔获量的月平均比例范围为9.73%～14.30%,4～8月鲳鱼占渔获量的月平均比例范围为3.32%～6.52%.设5～9月张网中幼带鱼的日平均网获量(X,kg/网)与当年9～12月渔汛中带鱼补充群体的渔获量(Y,×108尾),经相关分析,可以得到Y关于X的一元一次、一元二次和一元三次函数的预报方程.设6～10月张网小黄鱼幼鱼的日平均网获量(x,尾/网)与当年浙江省小黄鱼的渔获量(y,万t),经相关分析,可以得到y关于x的一元一次、一元二次函数的预报方程.预报方程的相关系数和预报精度基本符合应用要求,表明沿岸产卵场和索饵场附近的张网渔获物中主要经济幼鱼的发生量与当年渔汛补充群体渔获量密切相关.张网渔业的监测调查可以反映当年主要经济幼鱼发生量情况,应加强对沿岸张网渔业的管理及保护主要经济幼鱼.  相似文献   

THE DEPENDENCE OF THE ANNUAL TOTAL ON THE NUMBER OF RAIN‐SPELLS AND THEIR YIELD IN THE MEDITERRANEAN     

HADAS REISER  HAIM KUTIEL 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2012,94(3):285-299

Rain‐spells are a key parameter for examining the variation in rainfall amounts, especially in arid and semi‐arid areas. A rain‐spell is defined as a period of consecutive days with rainfall above a certain determined Daily Rainfall Threshold (DRT). Two different seasons or two stations may have the same average TOTAL, but different synoptic conditions are the cause for the differences in their Number of Rain‐Spells (NRS) their Rain‐Spells Yield (RSY) or both. The present study examines whether a season is drier/wetter according to its length, or whether it depends on the NRS in 41 Mediterranean stations. It analyses the relationships between dry/wet seasons and various elements of the rain‐spells. These objectives are analysed both at a basin level of the entire Mediterranean, and at a station level. The main conclusions at the basin level are that precipitation amounts are not related to the length of the seasons, and therefore, a Short or a Long season can be either Dry or Wet. The significant positive correlation between the TOTAL and the annual NRS that was found indicates that a Dry season tends to have Few rain‐spells and a Wet season tends to have Many rain‐spells. At the station level of most stations, a Dry or Wet season is caused mainly by changes in the RSY and less so by changes in the NRS. This tendency is more evident in the southern Mediterranean. Furthermore, Wet seasons are characterized by an increase in the number of Long rain‐spells (longer than three days) and mainly in the RSY of these spells. These conclusions may serve to characterize the rainfall regime under any scenario due to a climatic change.  相似文献   

副高及其南侧偏东气流输送在福建前汛期降水中的作用   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

邹燕  何金海  邱章如  杨月文 《热带气象学报》2006,22(5):515-520

采取相关分析、累积距平等统计方法,分析了西太平洋副高与福建前汛期降水的关系。利用NCEP-NCAR再分析资料及垂直积分的水汽输送通量等资料,对比分析了福建前汛期旱涝年份环流形势及要素场差异。分析结果显示：(1)当副高偏南偏弱时有利于福建前汛期多雨。旱年对副高具有加强作用的西太平洋海温正距平区主要位于日本南面,造成副高偏强偏北。而涝年10-25°N西太平洋海温偏高,造成副高偏南。(2)旱(涝)年华南及福建低层西南暖湿气流输送明显减弱(增强)。不过,福建上空增强的西南水汽输送主要来自副高南侧的偏东气流转向。这一点,在实际的前汛期降水预报中对于孟加拉湾西南暖湿气流的作用将是一个有意义的新认识,值得进一步探讨。  相似文献   

Water Intake and Utilization in Mithun (Bos frontalis):Effect of Environmental Temperature, Rearing System and Concentrate Feed Supplement     

D. T. Pal  A. Dhali  S. K. Mondal  C. Rajkhowa  K. M. Bujarbaruah 《山地科学学报》2008,5(2)

Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun (Bos frontalis)-a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region (NEHR) of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns (B. frontalis) as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems (free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation), and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation (1.0 kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet) and in two different seasons (summer and winter). It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption (per unit of body weight) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption (drinking as well as performed water) was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly (P<0.01) increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33～46% of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8% of body weight. It could, therefore, be inferred that water intake by mithun varied with seasons, rearing systems and dry feed consumption. As far as the water nutrition is concerned, it is needed to give an attention while feeding mithun in summer with dry feed supplementation under semi-intensive system of rearing.  相似文献   

吉林省参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征及影响因素     

邱美娟  刘布春  刘园  张玥滢  吴昕悦  袁福香  王冬妮  慕臣英 《干旱气象》2019,37(1):119-126

基于吉林省50个气象站1960—2014年逐日最高气温、最低气温、日照时数、风速数据,采用Penman-Monteith算法,计算各站逐日参考作物蒸散量,进而计算各站及全省四季和年平均参考作物蒸散量,利用数理统计方法,结合地理信息系统软件,分析参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征及主要气候影响因子。结果表明:近55 a,吉林省年平均参考作物蒸散量为876 mm,年参考作物蒸散量呈显著下降趋势(p <0. 01);空间分布差异显著,由东南向西北逐级递增,56%的站点呈显著下降趋势(p <0. 05)。参考作物蒸散量夏季最大、春季次之、冬季最小,且均呈下降趋势,但只有春季的下降趋势显著(p <0. 01);春、夏、秋、冬季与年平均参考作物蒸散量在空间分布上基本一致,但气候倾向率为负值以及通过显著性检验的站点数依次减少。全省四季和年参考作物蒸散量均与降水呈显著负相关,与日照时数、风速、最高气温呈显著正相关;其中年、春、夏、秋季与气温日较差以及春、夏、秋季与平均气温也呈显著正相关;冬季与最低气温、平均气温呈显著正相关;而典型站点参考作物蒸散量各季节影响因素及影响大小略有差异,各气象因子的共同作用导致了参考作物蒸散量的变化。  相似文献   

长沙降水中稳定同位素的昼夜差别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

常昕  章新平  刘仲藜  王锐 《热带地理》2021,41(3):635-644

基于长沙地区降水稳定同位素的实测数据,对不同季节（暖半年、冷半年）、不同降水类型（对流降水、平流降水）、不同降水强度下昼、夜降水中稳定同位素的变化特征进行分析和比较,旨在揭示昼夜降水中稳定同位素的差异及其影响因素,深化对季风区降水稳定同位素变化规律的认识。结果表明：降水中δ¹⁸O在暖半年时段夜间比白天偏正,而在冷半年时段白天比夜间偏正,且均与降水量呈反比;无论在暖半年还是冷半年,相较于白天,夜间温度低相对湿度大,降落雨滴中重同位素蒸发富集作用较弱,从而降水中过量氘d在夜间偏正;由于下垫面水汽再循环对大气水线（LMWL）的影响大于雨滴云下二次蒸发的影响,LMWL的斜率在白天较夜间偏正。在对流降水主导条件下,强烈的辐合气流携带低层具有相对富集同位素的水汽上升,形成降水中的δ¹⁸O明显偏正;相较于对流降水主导,平流云中微弱的空气垂直运动使得高层具有相对贫化同位素的水汽辐合,形成降水中的δ¹⁸O较为偏负;LMWL的斜率则在平流降水主导时更大。随降水强度的增加,降水中稳定同位素逐渐偏负,LMWL斜率和截距均明显增大;在降水强度≥0.1 mm/12 h时,LMWL的斜率在白天更大,截距在暖半年晚上和冷半年白天更大;降水强度≥5.0 mm/12 h时,LMWL的斜率和截距在暖半年白天和冷半年晚上更大。  相似文献   

Assessing effects of closed seasons in tropical and subtropical penaeid shrimp fisheries using a length-based yield-per-recruit model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ye  Y. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1998,55(6):1112-1124

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东海区叶绿素a和初级生产力季节变化特征          下载免费PDF全文

张玉荣  丁跃平  李铁军  薛彬  郭远明 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(1):261-268

依据2008年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(11月)和2009年冬季(2月)的现场调查结果,分析了东海区叶绿素a、初级生产力的平面分布、垂直分布和季节变化的特征,并探讨了其影响因素。结果表明,四个航次叶绿素a浓度分别为1.33、0.93、1.61和0.65 mg/m3,秋季春季夏季冬季。春季、夏季和秋季最大值均出现在0—10m水层,冬季最大值出现在底层。叶绿素a浓度远海年季变化较小,近岸区和垂直分布年季变化较大。四个航次初级生产力平均为375.03、414.37、245.45和102.60 mg/(m3 h),夏季秋季春季冬季。叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力水平均高于历史同期值。鱼外渔场的年平均初级生产力最大,海州湾渔场最小。通过分析叶绿素a和环境因子的相关性表明,叶绿素a与浮游植物显著正相关;春季和秋季的低温以及春季和夏季的低盐比较适合浮游植物的生长;活性磷酸盐可能是限制春季和秋季叶绿素a的重要因素。  相似文献