Starvation effects on pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus in natural seawater     

YI Jiabo  CHEN Qiang  ZOU Wenzheng  YAN Qingpi  ZHUANG Zhixi  WANG Xiaoru 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(4):120-129

To get a better understanding of the starvation survival strategy of pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus, log-phase cells were inoculated into sterile natural seawater for starvation studies. The results showed that all of total bacteria number, viable bacteria number and CFU number of V. alginolyticus increased remarkably at the initial starvation stage; after reaching their peaks at 5 d, both total bacteria number and viable bacteria number of V. alginolyticus fell slowly, while the CFU number fell more quickly after reaching its peak at 10 d; V. alginolyticus elongated their cells at the prophase of starvation, and then shrunk their volume and turned their shapes into ovals from rods at the anaphase of starvation; starved cells showed more sensitivity to heating and UV; starved cells showed no significant difference from unstarved ones at the lowest detection limit determined by indirect enzyme-linked immu- nosorbent assay （ELISA） ; starved cells＇ ability to adhere to the skin mucus of large yellow croaker （ Pseudosciaena crocea） showed a sharp decline as the starvation time increases; the cellular protein of V. alginolyticus increased remarkably at the ariaphase of starvation. The results indicated that pathogenic V. alginolyticus could survive in starvation for relatively long periods of time （ ≥2 months） in 28℃ natural seawater due to the morphological and physiological changes; however, starved V. alginolyticus cells showed less virulence and higher sensitivity under environmental stresses.  相似文献   

Review of Actinia,isaci'inia,and Cnidopus (Cnidama: Anthozoa) in New Zealand     

J. R. Ottaway 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):53-61

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蛤仔回交家系建立及早期生长发育比较     

赵力强  闫喜武  霍忠明  杨凤 《海洋科学》2013,37(1):70-75

2009年9月,作者以蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)杂交家系 HD(♀H×♂D)及其亲本家系 H、D 为材料,采取单对交配策略建立了 B1F1(♀HD×♂H)、B2F1(♀D×♂HD)、B3F1(♀HD×♂D)和 B4F1(♀H×♂HD)4个回交家系,并对各家系蛤仔早期生长发育进行比较.结果表明:家系间蛤仔的卵径、受精率、孵化率和初孵 D 形幼虫壳长差异不显著(P>0.05);浮游幼虫期, B1F1和 B3F1家系幼虫生长速度显著快于B2F1和 B4F1(P<0.05),9日龄时 B2F1和 B4F1幼虫存活率显著低于 B1F1和 B3F1(P<0.05);变态期, B2F1和B4F1家系幼虫表现出明显的变态时间延长、变态规格小型化和变态率低等近交衰退现象;稚贝期, B1F1和 B3F1家系稚贝生长优势开始显现,而 B2F1和 B4F1家系稚贝生长和存活劣势依旧明显.综上可见以杂交 F1(♀)为母本的 B1F1和 B3F1家系早期生长和存活性状显著优于以杂交 F1(♂)为父本的 B2F1和 B4F1家系,因此在蛤仔回交育种中以杂交 F1(♀)为母本更有利于选择.  相似文献   

鮸状黄姑鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的实验生态   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

洪万树  吴鼎勋  单保党  陈政宏 《台湾海峡》1999,18(3):320-324

本实验研究了温度、盐度、 ｐＨ对鮸状黄姑鱼胚胎发育和前期仔鱼存活的影响。结果表明,鮸状黄姑鱼受精卵孵化的温度范围为１５～３０℃,最适孵化温度为２５～３０℃;孵化盐度范围为１５～４５,最适孵化公度范围为１５～２５;ｐＨ值在５．００～８．９９范围内,受精卵孵化率没有显著的差异。鮸状黄姑鱼前期仔鱼存活的适合温度为１５～３０℃,最适温度为２５℃;适合盐度为１５～３５;适合ｐＨ值为５．９９～１０．０１。  相似文献   

Reduced survivorship of Himasthla (Trematoda, Digenea)-infected cockles (Cerastoderma edule) exposed to oxygen depletion     

Anne Margrethe Wegeberg  K. Thomas Jensen 《Journal of Sea Research》1999,42(4):907

Bivalve populations from inshore waters often accommodate a diverse trematode fauna that may have a variety of effects on host specimens. In particular, larval trematodes that grow or reproduce within their host are known to be severe pathogens, whereas trematodes utilising bivalves only for encystment are thought to be relatively benign. Yet this may depend on the environmental conditions, and it can be expected that such trematodes in concert with other stress agents can be detrimental to host organisms. To examine the impact of such larval trematodes on hosts subjected to stress, we studied the digenetic trematode Himasthla elongata and one of its second intermediate hosts, the bivalve Cerastoderma edule. Experimentally infected cockles and non-infected cockles were exposed to oxygen depletion, whereupon we measured their burrowing ability and survivorship. After 30 h of hypoxia, the survival of infected cockles was significantly reduced compared to non-infected cockles, whereas no effect of parasites on cockles under normoxic conditions was found. In addition, parasites tended to reduce the burrowing ability of cockles exposed to hypoxia but the effect was not clear. The effect of parasites and possible ecological consequences are discussed and it is suggested that the combined effects of parasites and oxygen deficiency may explain some hitherto unexplained cases of mass mortalities in bivalve populations.  相似文献   

3种对虾精子超低温冷冻保存技术研究     

王文琪  杨敬昆  徐世宏  刘清华  李军 《海洋科学》2017,41(9):81-86

作者以日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)、中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)和南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)作为实验材料,研究3种稀释液(天然海水,人工无钙海水,Hank’s平衡盐溶液)、3种抗冻剂(二甲基亚砜、丙二醇和丙三醇)、3种稀释比例(5%、10%和15%)、3种不同的降温程序对3种对虾精子超低温冷冻保存效果的影响。冻精解冻后通过台盼蓝染色的方法计算其存活率。结果显示,对于3种对虾,以天然海水作为稀释液,10%PG作为抗冻剂,4℃平衡20 min,以–2℃/min降温至–40℃,–40℃平衡10℃,以–15℃/min降温至–150℃,然后投入液氮作为降温程序进行超低温冷冻保存效果最好,冻精解冻后存活率分别为75.33%±2.56%、69.00%±3.00%和23.33%±8.55%。  相似文献   

Effects of waterlogging,salinity and light on the productivity of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Heritiera littoralis seedlings     

MM Mangora  MSP Mtolera  M Björk 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(2):167-174

This study aimed to establish the effects of waterlogging, salinity and light on the early development of mangroves. Seedlings of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. and Heritiera littoralis Dryand were exposed to 12 weeks of waterlogging, during which time growth and photosynthesis were measured every two weeks. The salinity of the water inundation ranged from fresh water to full-strength sea water (salinity 35). Seedlings were exposed to either full sunlight of 1 500 µmol photon m^–2 s^–1 (SD 397) at midday or shade conditions of 325 µmol photon m^–2 s^–1 (SD 40) of light at midday, to explore whether the plants would be differently affected by prolonged waterlogging in increased salinities and under different light conditions. Heritiera littoralis was more sensitive to waterlogging, salinity and light, displaying a least relative growth rate of 0.127 g g^–1 week^–1 (SE 0.032) under shade, and 0.025 g g^–1 week^–1 (SE 0.021) in full light; while under shade, photosynthesis continued only in fresh water, but photosynthetic yield decreased from 0.7 to 0.4 with increasing duration of waterlogging. By 12 weeks, all H. littoralis seedlings treated with any saltwater mixture had died. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings maintained a moderate rate of photosynthesis throughout inundation in both shade and full light, with yields of 0.7 and 0.3, respectively. Furthermore, B. gymnorrhiza survived waterlogging in up to 66% seawater, and maintained comparable relative growth rates of 0.164 g g^–1 week^–1 (SE 0.066) with 0.083 g g^–1 week^–1 (SE 0.065) and 0.074 g g^–1 week^–1 (SE 0.036) with 0.052 g g^–1 week^–1 (SE 0.037) under shade and in full light between fresh water and the highest salinity conditions, respectively. These results suggest that B. gymnorrhiza is broadly tolerant, making it a potential candidate species for restoring vulnerable mangrove forests.  相似文献   

索赔计数相依风险模型     

张小博  王志明 《南京气象学院学报》2010,(4):294-296

考虑了一类索赔计数相依的风险模型,该模型假设每次主索赔可随机产生一副索赔,得到了该风险模型生存概率所满足的微积分方程,并在索赔额为指数分布的情形下,给出了生存概率的精确表达式.  相似文献   

Polyculture of the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 with two species of macroalgae in aquaria   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XU Yongjian  LIN Jun  CHEN Shun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(1):26-32

A two-month study was conducted to test the e?ects of macroalgae on the growth and survivorship of juvenile lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) in aquaria. Twenty-day old seahorses were cultured in the tanks with green alga Chaetomorpha linum, red alga Gracilaria tikvahiae, green plastic artiˉcial plant (stargrass), and black plastic net, respectively. Increases in wet mass and standard length for the seahorses were signiˉcantly higher in the tanks with macroalgae than those without macroalgae. The seahorse survivorships in the two macroalgal treatments were also signiˉcantly higher than those of the two treatments without macroalgae. In the treatments with macroalgae, the DO and pH were higher than those without marcoalgae. During the experiment, the color of seahorses was changed to certain extent. In the green background (the treatments with C. linum and stargrass), 24.1%{28.4% of black seahorses decreased over time; whereas in the black (plastic net) or brown (G. tikvahiae) background treatments, 14.1%{16.3% of yellow seahorses decreased over time, for matching that of the background. Furthermore, the survival rate of seahorse was correlation with DO and pH, and strong correlation with standard length, wet mass and CF. Polyculture with macroalgae, survival rates of seahorse were higher than without macroaglae.  相似文献   

罗非鱼开口饵料的初步研究     

强俊  李瑞伟  董晓慧  王辉 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(6)

研究了配合饵料、轮虫、蛋黄、轮虫+人工配合饵料(3～12日龄投喂轮虫,13日龄起投喂配合饵料)等4种开口饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔鱼生长、发育和存活影响。结果表明,1)投喂不同饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔鱼生长具有显著影响(P<0.05),轮虫+配合饵料组生长较快,绝对增重率和特定增重率分别为0.011g/d和17.18%d-1;蛋黄组生长最慢,绝对增重率和特定增重率与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05)。2)轮虫+配合饵料与轮虫组的仔鱼成活率较高,分别为90.3%和89.7%,2组差异不显著(P>0.05),且仔鱼发育较好,大部分个体进入稚鱼阶段;蛋黄组成活率最低,只有40.7%,个体发育较为缓慢,与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05)。可见,投喂鲜活的天然饵料(轮虫)+配合饵料是罗非鱼苗种培育的最佳开口饵料。  相似文献