压力及温度对海洋动物生理影响的研究进展     

陈家炜  张海滨 《海洋通报》2017,36(6):601-610

随着海洋深度的增加,压力逐渐升高而温度逐渐降低。因此,应对压力和温度变化的能力直接影响着海洋动物的垂直分布模式。本文综述了近年来国际上关于压力及温度对海洋动物生理影响的研究进展,概述了3种常用的研究方法,包括直接比较不同深度近缘海洋动物的差异、使用加压装置培养海洋动物、在常压及原位温度下培养深海动物;然后归纳了压力及温度对海洋动物生理的影响,包括有机渗透调节物质浓度及蛋白质序列、胚胎及幼体发育速率和畸变率、行为模式及代谢速率、基因表达水平;最后讨论了海洋动物适应高压环境的生理机制,压力对海洋动物垂直分布的限制能力,以及浅海动物和深海动物的起源关系。  相似文献   

An Investigation on Tolerance and Accumulation of a Facultative Marine Fungus Aspergillusflavus to Pentavalent Arsenic     

Anjana  K.  Vala Vipul  Davariya  R.  V.  Upadhyay 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,(1):65-67

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Adaptation to high light irradiances enhances the photosynthetic Cu resistance in Cu tolerant and non-tolerant populations of the brown macroalgae Fucus serratus     

Hanne Dalsgaard Nielsen 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(5):710-717

The relationship between light acclimation and Cu²⁺ tolerance was studied in two populations of Fucus serratus known to be naturally non-tolerant and tolerant to Cu²⁺. Acclimation to high irradiances increased the photosynthetic tolerance to Cu²⁺. The xanthophyll cycle was apparently not involved in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus against Cu²⁺ toxicity, as results showed that Cu²⁺ did not induce dynamic photoinhibition. The higher photosynthetic Cu²⁺ resistance of high light algae did not result in increased growth. The excess energy acquired by high light-adapted algae appeared to be utilized in Cu²⁺ defense mechanisms in the Cu²⁺ non-tolerant population. The polyphenol content of the algae was reciprocal to the Cu_T content, suggesting that polyphenol may be the primary Cu²⁺ defense of non-tolerant low light algae, acting through secretion and extracellular chelating of Cu²⁺, while the compounds do not seem to be involved in the primary Cu²⁺ tolerance mechanism in Cu²⁺ tolerant algae.  相似文献   

作物的耐盐性及盐水灌溉管理   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

龚家栋 《中国沙漠》1995,15(2):158-164

盐从水分关系、离子毒害、营养和能量平衡等方面影响植物的生长。不同的植物具有不同的耐盐性,同一植物在不同生长期的耐盐性也有差异。有效的灌溉管理是盐水灌溉农业的基础,高频率灌溉有利于缓解由于盐引起的水分亏缺,和对根系带洗盐,同时必须保持植物根系带土壤良好的通透条件。沙地更适合于盐水灌溉,滴灌是最为有效的灌溉方式。灌溉水盐分的增加将导致大多数作物的产量下降,但某些作物品质的改善可在一定程度上补偿产量下降的损失。  相似文献   

Expression of Mammalian Metallothionein-I Gene in Cyanobacteria to Enhance Heavy Metal Resistance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Z.Chen  L. Ren  Q. Shao  D. Shi  B. Ru 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):155-158

Metallothionein (MT) from mammals is a low molecular weight (about 6–7 KD), and cystein-rich (20 cystein per molecular) protein (Vallee, 1991). So MT has the strong binding ability of metal such as Cd, Hg and Pd. Wild-typed cyanobacteria have their own metallothionein-like proteins, which are of low cysteine content and have weak ability to bind heavy metal. Therefore, it is imperative to transfer the MT-I gene from mammal into cyanobacteria cell for the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in aqueous system including marine and lake ( Misra and Gedamu, 1989). We inserted the MT-I cDNA gene after the strong promoter PpsbA or Psmt into the intermediary vector pRL-439, and then pRL-MT was ligated with shuttle vector pKT-210 (a shuttle vector pDC-08 was used at an earlier time) to construct the shuttle expression vector pKT-MT. (The MT-I mutant -KKS- also was selected as aim gene.) Then the constructed vector was introduced into cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 with triparental conjunctive transfer (Bryant, 1994). The expression efficiency is about 1%. We also used homologous recombination vector pTZ18-8 to introduce MT-I cDNA into chromosomes in cyanobacteria and got higher expression efficiency. Metal tolerance tests show that the transgenic cyanobacteria acquire metal resistance up to 60 μmol/g CdCl₂ and expression efficiency up to 1045 μg MT/g fresh cells according to the data of ELISA.  相似文献   

墨西哥湾扇贝稚贝对盐度的耐受力   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

何义朝  张福绥  王萍  李宝泉 《海洋学报》1999,21(4):87-91

用壳高15～21mm的墨西哥湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians concentricus)稚贝作为实验材料,控制水温在16和24℃条件下进行对盐度的耐受力实验.实验结果表明,当温度在24℃时,稚贝存活的盐度范围为18.5～44.4,低盐度对稚贝的存活影响明显.稚贝可生长的盐度范围是21.2～41.0(日增长率r>4.0),适宜的生长盐度为24.0～32.0(日增长率r>8.0),其中26.0～28.0的盐度为最佳生长盐度.在16℃条件下,最初8h内,其生存盐度范围为17.4～46.4,但是48h后稚贝的存活盐度范围与24℃温度条件时无明显差别,显示出低温条件会使稚贝对极限盐度的反应速率减缓.当盐度处于接近极限范围时,盐度变化幅度过大易导致稚贝死亡.墨西哥湾扇贝对盐度的适应能力与原生境盐度有关,稚贝预先在盐度为19.5和44.9中适应9d后,再过度到14.3和48.5中,48h后,存活率为78.3%和100%,而若是从盐度为32中直接移到3和48.5中,48h后存活率分别为0和27.3%.显然,通过中间驯化或适应过程,稚贝会提高耐盐能力.此结果表明,在高温多雨的南方海域,应避免在易受淡水中冲击的河口、海湾区域开展墨西哥湾扇贝养殖.  相似文献   

藻类对重金属的耐性与解毒机理   总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22  

周文彬  邱保胜 《湖泊科学》2004,16(3):265-272

重金属是一类具有潜在危害的重要污染物,越来越多的重金属被排入水体,对水生生态环境构成严重威胁.藻类在长期响应重金属胁迫过程中,建立起一系列的适应机制.藻类通过控制重金属的吸收、富集、转运与解毒,使不同细胞组分中的重金属维持在正常浓度范围内.这些保护机制主要包括藻细胞的某些胞外组分与重金属结合,从而减少重金属进入胞内;在重金属诱导下藻细胞可合成金属结合蛋白或多肽;重金属诱导藻细胞合成一些代谢物使其免受伤害或修复由重金属胁迫造成的损伤;藻细胞通过液泡区室化作用使重金属远离代谢;藻细胞对重金属具有排斥与排出作用.  相似文献   

Phytoremediation Potential of Jack Bean Plant for Multi‐Element Contaminated Soils From Ribeira Valley,Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

Maíra da Silva  Sara Adrián López de Andrade  Alfredo Borges De‐Campos 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(6)

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Metabolic Profiling to Elucidate Genetic Elements Due to Salt Stress     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(12)

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Effect of low salinity on the survival of recently hatched veliger of Nassarius reticulatus (L.) in estuarine habitats: A case study of Ria de Aveiro     

Luciana Gnio  Ana Sousa  Nuno Vaz  Joo M. Dias  Carlos Barroso 《Journal of Sea Research》2008,59(3):133-143

The effect of low salinity on the survival of recently hatched veliger of the gastropod Nassarius reticulatus (L.) was studied under laboratory conditions at 17 °C ± 1 °C. Significant mortality occurred for salinities ≤ 17 psu and the LS₅₀ (salinity that causes 50% mortality) varied from 14.5 psu to 17.2 psu for exposures between 1 h and 48 h, respectively. The results were included in a mathematical model in order to estimate the mortality of N. reticulatus veliger in Ria de Aveiro under different salinity scenarios determined by numerical simulation. The model predicts a massive mortality of veliger immediately after their eclosion (1 h) in Ria de Aveiro during spring tide when the river input reaches its expected maximum — a situation that has been observed occasionally and may overlap a massive eclosion of veliger in the water. Except in this extreme situation, the mortality in Ria de Aveiro is generally restricted to the upstream limits of the channels. The results indicate that N. reticulatus recruitment in estuaries may strongly depend on the prevailing salinity regime.  相似文献