龙须菜果孢子的紫外诱变及优势突变体的筛选     

付峰  隋正红  常连鹏  周伟  魏惠惠 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(3)

用紫外线辐射处理野生型龙须菜果孢子体放散刚附着的果孢子,并通过耐高温的筛选,初步获得了2株具有耐高温,生长快速等优良性状的四分孢子体突变株,命名为BZT-11和BZT-18,将其与981和野生型藻株进行了比较分析。结果显示,这2株突变体在实验室内和海上的日平均生长速率为均明显高于981和野生型藻株。在热胁迫时间内,BZT-11和BZT-18的丙二醛(MDA)含量均明显低于野生型,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性明显高于野生型;而在整个胁迫过程中2株突变体与981藻株的MDA含量和SOD活性水平差异不显著。经过4h的热激后,藻株BZT-11和BZT-18的hsp70基因表达水平也显著高于野生型。这些结果进一步证明了该2株突变藻体的耐高温优势。本研究提供了耐高温突变体的筛选技术。  相似文献   

海草抗氧化系统及其对逆境胁迫的响应特征     

卢科宇  裴炎沼  何晴  周斌 《海洋科学》2022,46(8):171-185

海草具有独特的进化地位和重要的生态价值,广泛分布于潮间带和潮下带浅海海域,易遭受多种环境因子变化的威胁,抗氧化系统在海草抵御逆境胁迫的过程中具有非常重要的作用。本文综述了海草抗氧化系统的组成、特征及其对主要逆境胁迫的响应特征研究进展,阐述了海草主要酶促抗氧化机制,并将北半球代表性海草物种——鳗草抗氧化系统相关酶基因归类分析。目前对于海草逆境胁迫的研究主要集中于单一胁迫下主要抗氧化酶(如SOD、CAT、GST)及其转录组的变化,对于多胁迫因子协同作用和非酶抗氧化物及其他抗氧化酶的响应特征研究较少;另外对于逆境胁迫下不同海草种类间抗氧化系统和关键基因的响应差异也有待深入研究。  相似文献   

海洋细菌Bacillus sp. Cs-700耐受及移除铯能力研究          下载免费PDF全文

张飞  郭亚平  于涛  纪建达  汤坤贤  吴元菲 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(1):8-14

为了筛选可以耐受高浓度铯离子(Cs⁺)的海洋细菌并探究细菌耐受Cs⁺的机制,本研究从广西近海沉积物样品中筛选出一株能够耐受700 mmol/dm³ Cs⁺的海洋细菌,是目前已报道的可耐受最高浓度Cs⁺的细菌。通过形态学分析、16S rRNA序列分析及生理生化特性的测定,确定该菌属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),故将该菌株命名为Bacillus sp.Cs-700。在添加有700 mmol/dm³氯化铯的培养基中,菌体对铯的移除率最高可达52.06%。研究结果表明Bacillus sp.Cs-700不但具有耐受高浓度Cs⁺的特性,还具有较好的铯移除能力,具有修复放射性铯污染环境的潜力。本研究可为探索海洋放射性铯的生态修复提供参考。  相似文献   

Zero Tolerance in Latin America: Punitive Paradox in Urban Policy Mobilities     

Kate Swanson 《Urban geography》2013,34(7):972-988

In Latin America, high levels of crime have prompted many politicians to embrace zero tolerance policing in order to quell public fears. While the overall impacts on urban crime are debatable, zero tolerance in the region has morphed into a powerful policy narrative that symbolizes strong leaders who crack down crime and disorder. Its impacts have been far-reaching; to date, it has been implemented in various guises in Mexico, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala and the Dominican Republic. Yet, the policy transfer of zero tolerance to Latin America has mutated into a much more punitive approach. In this paper, I develop a critical analysis of the punitive inequalities of zero tolerance policing in Latin American cities, and the consequences for marginalized and racialized youth. I also explore the emergence of a new, unexpected consequence of zero tolerance: the South-North migration of undocumented people.  相似文献   

Temporal correlation of population composition and environmental variables in the marine invader Ciona robusta     

Luigi Caputi  Francesco Toscano  Michele Arienzo  Luciano Ferrara  Gabriele Procaccini  Paolo Sordino 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(2)

The capacity for ascidians to inhabit coastal sea floor worldwide relies on their peculiar tolerance to environmental variables and pollution, which is considered, together with high levels of genetic diversity, among the main drivers of their invasive potential. In spite of the continued interest in the genetics of invasive species, little attention has been paid toward the microevolutionary processes that drive structure and fate of ascidian populations over time under chemically polluted conditions. Understanding the interplay between environmental and population dynamics is critical to predict the biodiversity of marine coastal ecosystems. In the present study, a local population of the ascidian Ciona robusta living in the Fusaro Lagoon has been monitored over a 13‐month period of sampling. Physico‐chemical parameters (temperature, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, heavy metals), genetic composition (microsatellites, ITS‐2), abundance and biomass (wet and dry weight) were assessed with the aim to infer fine‐scale temporal variation of population structure with respect to rapid environmental change. Analysis of biomass showed that C. robusta is highly sensitive to salinity and oxygen concentrations. Further, genetic analysis suggested a highly dynamic population structure, likely due to the strong clustering of temporal samples and distinct responses to environmental conditions, including bioaccumulation of heavy metals. Here, we hypothesize that rapid variation in allele frequencies of neutral markers in C. robusta populations may increase the ability of the species to colonize habitats that are subject to strong variation and are under heavy human pressure.  相似文献   

东北黑土区主要黑土土种的容许土壤流失量   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

谢云  段兴武  刘宝元  刘刚  冯艳杰  高晓飞 《地理学报》2011,66(7):940-952

容许土壤流失量(T 值) 是进行水土流失治理的定量标准,目前以专家经验确定为主,缺乏定量研究。本文以我国重要的粮食生产基地东北黑土区为研究区,实地调查区内21 个黑土土种典型剖面的厚度,采集分层土壤样品测定理化性质后,利用修订的生产力指数模型计算了21 个土种的T值,并分析其影响因素。结果显示：21 个土种的T值变化于68~358 t/km²×a,平均141 t/km²×a。按亚类T 值为白浆化黑土(漂白滞水湿润均腐土) 106 t/km²×a,黑土(简育湿润均腐土)129 t/km²×a,草甸黑土(斑纹简育湿润均腐土) 为184 t/km²×a。土壤厚度和土壤侵蚀脆弱性指数是影响T值的主要因素,它们与T值的相关系数分别为0.750 和0.605。草甸黑土厚度明显高于其它两个土壤亚类,脆弱性指数与黑土接近,其T值较黑土T值大42.6%。白浆化黑土厚度较黑土厚度大22.1%,但T值却比黑土T值小21.7%,因为白浆化黑土有明显的障碍层存在。因此确定不同土种或亚类的T值,更能反映土壤剖面特性,对于指导水土流失治理更具实际意义。  相似文献   

Aquatic molluscs in high mountain lakes of the Eastern Alps (Austria): Species-environment relationships and specific colonization behaviour     

STURM Robert 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(1):59-70

Mountain lakes represent essential stages for aquatic species on their way colonizing habitats of more elevated regions. Despite extensive biological and chemical study, only little has been reported about the species number and density of freshwater molluscs in these waters. The article presented here elucidates the dispersal of aquatic gastropods and bivalves in 12 mountain lakes that are commonly situated in the Eastern Alps, Austria. Molluscs were recorded at 120 sample points, where a total of 13 species (8 gastropods and 5 bivalves) could be determined. Species distribution data as well as results from contemporarily conducted physico-chemical factor recording were subject to weighted average analysis. In addition, a global marginality coefficient indicating the particularity of a habitat inhabited by a focal species as well as a global tolerance coefficient expressing the width of a niche occupied by this species were computed. Species-environment relationships exhibited that species number and specific density decrease with increasing geographic altitude, declining water temperature, and decreasing amount of submerged vegetation. Whilst waters of the montane altitude level are partly charcterized by high number of mollusc species (> 10), lakes of the subalpine altitude level commonly bear 1 or 2 species with <<1 ind./m2. As proposed by the results of statistics, 9 of the 13 mollusc species are characterized by a pronounced behaviour as specialists with respect to most environmental factors. The four remaining species, Pisidium casertanum, Galba truncatula, Radix labiata, and Radix balthica, act as generalists which increases their pioneering role in the long-term occupation of the Central-alpine region.  相似文献   

The photokinetics of thermo‐tolerance in Symbiodinium     

Alison Jones  Ray Berkelmans 《Marine Ecology》2012,33(4):490-498

There is currently much debate about the ecological advantages for reef corals of hosting multiple types of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium. Amongst these is their apparent capacity to tolerate higher than normal water temperatures. There is strong photokinetic evidence that the trait of heat‐tolerance in plants is accompanied by energetic tradeoffs but little such evidence yet exists for corals. We use rapid light curves (RLCs) to investigate the photokinetic basis for thermo‐tolerance in the reef coral Acropora millepora with symbionts of contrasting thermal tolerance for which there are measured differences in energetics. Our results show that under non‐stressful temperatures, corals with heat‐tolerant type D Symbiodinium had a 41% lower maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) and lower light absorption efficiency (α) due to lower cell Chl a content compared with corals with heat‐sensitive type C2 symbionts. Our results provide support for a photokinetic link between heat tolerance and deficits in holobiont (coral + symbiont) growth, lipid stores and reproduction. Reduced electron transport rate and light absorption capacity may be genotype‐specific attributes that enable clade D symbionts and their cnidarian hosts to cope with temperature stress but they inherently influence the photosynthetic function of the symbionts and thus have negative downstream effects on the coral.  相似文献   

Screening of Microalgae for Feasible Mass Production in Industrial Hypersaline Wastewater Using Disposable Bioreactors     

Sebastian Menke  Anne Sennhenn  Jörg‐H. Sachse  Elke Majewski  Bernhard Huchzermeyer  Thomas Rath 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(12):1401-1407

Ten algae species were analyzed by comparing their growth in specific hypersaline industrial wastewater. It was a by‐product of fertilizer production which was released by K + S Aktiengesellschaft, Germany. Due to processing, brine water contains a high amount of salts ( 200 g L^?1). A successful algal biotechnology mainly depends on choosing and screening the adequate algae for a specific application along with the design of optimal culture conditions with comparable photo bioreactor technologies. Therefore, a high throughput screening technology was developed. In comparison to glass flasks or flat panel reactors this system was eligible for screening applications because of disposable characteristics and the equability of each culture tube. Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis tetrathele, and Nannochloropsis salina grew in the presence of hypersaline wastewater where T. tetrathele grew best to a wastewater concentration of 75% by salt shock experiments. D. salina tolerates a wastewater level up to 80% by gradual increase. Intracellular ion contents of lyophilized algae samples were measured. They feature special transporter to either exclude ions, i.e., sodium from the cell, or to include ions like potassium and magnesium in order to secure functionality of sensitive enzymes. Under saline stress conditions these transport systems as well as metabolic pathways leading to the production of compatible osmolytes could be induced. Stress tolerance mechanisms developed in initially unstressed culture either by stepwise adaptation or by shock exposure to harsh salt condition. For this reason a feasible mass production in industrial hypersaline wastewater was possible.  相似文献   

Response of excised gill tissue from the New Zealand scallop Pecten novaezelandiae to suspended silt     

Peter M. Stevens 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):605-614

The role of turbidity in scallop mortality was investigated for two size classes of Pecten novaezelandiae (70 ± 2 mm and 20 ± 1 mm shell height), by using the “crawl” velocity of excised pieces of gill tissue as an indicator of the response to suspended silt. The crawl velocity of 3 × 5 mm pieces of gill tissue was measured in six different silt concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3. 0.5% silt, by dry weight) and two size classes (< 10 μm and 10–30 um) of silt. Results of the study indicate that juvenile (20 mm shell height) scallops may be less tolerant of suspended silt than larger (70 mm shell height) scallops and that both size classes may be less tolerant of fine (< 10 μm) silt/clay sized particles than coarse (10–30 μm) particles. These conclusions are supported in part by data from the mortality of whole 20 mm scallops exposed to two size classes (< 10 μm and 10–30 μm) and three concentrations (0.05, 0.3, 0.6%, by dry weight) of silt. Increasing concentrations and decreasing particle size of the suspended silt resulted in reduced gill piece crawl velocity and an increase in the mortality rate of the whole scallops. These results suggest controls on human‐induced disturbance of bottom sediments, such as bottom trawling and dredging, may benefit any further scallop bed enhancement programmes by the avoidance of deterioration in water quality and mechanical damage to scallop spat.  相似文献