济南市历城区典型土壤类型N、P、K养分元素的有效态分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

冷旭勇  刘连  景晓东  朱文峰 《山东国土资源》2022,38(2):40-46

本文选择济南市历城区典型土壤中N、P、K3种养分元素进行化学测试分析,对该地区的浅层土壤元素有效态地球化学背景值及在不同类型土壤中的分布特征进行研究.研究结果表明:该地区土壤质量较好,元素有效量与全量总体排序一致,不同元素的有效度相差十分悬殊.5种土壤类型的元素有效度具有一定差异性,潮褐土、潮土中N、P、K元素的有效量...  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地火电厂周边不同类型生物结皮酶活性及其影响因素北大核心CSCD     

王融融  樊瑾  丛士翔  余海龙  黄菊莹 《中国沙漠》2023,(4):209-219

选取宁东能源化工基地典型火电厂周边广泛分布的3类生物结皮作为研究对象,探究工矿区生物结皮富集大气降尘重金属对酶活性的影响及其影响深度,在对比分析富集大气降尘过程中土壤理化性质、酶活性及重金属含量变化的基础上,采用相关分析、冗余分析方法探讨了生物结皮各层次土壤酶活性与土壤重金属含量和土壤理化性质之间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)沿藻结皮—混生结皮—藓结皮的演替方向,结皮层土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)及全磷(TP)含量显著提升,土壤容重和pH降低;随土层深度增加,土壤理化性质变化不显著。(2)3类生物结皮对源自大气降尘的重金属元素均具有显著的表层富集作用,富集量藓结皮>混生结皮>藻结皮;结皮层重金属污染程度高于下层土壤。(3)4种土壤酶活性沿藻结皮—混生结皮—藓结皮的演替方向呈现一致的规律性,表现为藓结皮>混生结皮>藻结皮。(4)部分重金属元素Zn、Pb、Cd和土壤理化性质如容重、pH、SOC、TN等是影响土壤酶活性的主要因子,但相较于重金属元素,土壤理化性质对酶活性影响更大。  相似文献   

黄海冷水团海域浮游植物磷胁迫的季节变动   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wang Dan  Huang Bangqin  Liu Xin  Liu Guimei  Wang Hui 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(10):124-135

The Yellow Sea is located between the China Mainland and the Korean Peninsula, representing a typical shallow epicontinental sea. The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass（YSCWM） is one of the most important physical features in the Yellow Sea. The characteristics of vertical profiles and seasonal variations of biogenic elements in the YSCWM may lead the variations of nutrient availability（e.g., phosphorus） and phosphorus stress of phytoplankton. In this study, the authors surveyed the seasonal variations of phytoplankton phosphorus stress with emphasis on the effect of the YSCWM during the four cruises in April and October 2006, March and August 2007. Using both bulk and single-cell alkaline phosphatase activity（APA） assays, this study evaluated phosphorus status of phytoplankton community, succession of phytoplankton community and ecophysiological responses of phytoplankton to phosphorus in the typical region of the YSCWM. With the occurrence of the YSCWM, especially the variations of concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus（DIP）, the results of bulk APA appeared corresponding seasonal variations. Along Transects A and B, the mean APA in August was the highest, and that in March was the lowest. According to the ELF-labeled assay＇s results, seasonal variations of the ELF-labeled percentages within dominant species indicated that diatoms were dominant in March, April and October, while dinoflagellates were dominant in August. During the four cruises, the ELF-labeled percentages of diatoms except Paralia sulcata showed that diatoms were not phosphorus deficient in April 2006 at all, but suffered from severe phosphorus stress in August 2007. In comparison, the ELF-labeled percentages of dinoflagellates were all above 50% during the four time series, which meant dinoflagellates such as Alexandrium and Scrippsiella, sustained perennial phosphorus stress.  相似文献   

福建省安溪县不同类型茶园土壤性状与养分比较研究(英文)     

徐萍  杨丽韫  刘某承  彭飞 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,(4)

安溪县是中国最大的铁观音主产区。"安溪铁观音茶文化系统"于2014年入选为"中国重要农业文化遗产"。安溪茶园经营方式主要分为有机茶园、生态茶园和非生态茶园三大类。本研究采用不同物理化学分析方法,对安溪县2处有机茶园、3处生态茶园和1处非生态茶园不同深度的土壤进行测定分析,比较不同类型茶园土壤性状及主要养分含量中的多项指标,为茶园合理地经营管理提供了科学依据。通过Duncan多重比较检验和t检验发现:在0-10cm土壤深度上,有机与生态、非生态茶园各土壤养分大部分指标差异性显著(P0.05);在10-20cm土壤深度上,有机与非生态茶园的有机质和全氮差异性显著。此外,有机茶园不同深度土壤容重、孔隙度和相对含水量以及有机质、全氮和全磷对茶树生长非常有利;生态茶园0-10cm深度土壤各指标适宜,比较有利于茶树生长;非生态茶园在不同深度土壤中的各养分都较为缺乏,不利于茶树生长。研究结果表明:有机茶园和生态茶园土壤总体肥力优于非生态茶园,有机茶园的建设模式更适宜茶树生长。  相似文献   

基于应力归还法的单轴拉伸伺服控制试验系统的研制与应用     

《岩土力学》2017,(Z1):284-290

根据岩石广义应力松弛特性试验研究的需要,自主研制了基于应力归还法的单轴拉伸伺服控制试验系统。该系统的(1)实现了应力归还法控制,既能单独控制加载传统的位移、应力,也可伺服控制应力-应变线性组合;(2)测量、控制系统采用硬件实现而非计算机软件,结构简单紧凑,系统动作反应时间短,性能稳定可靠,升级改造空间大;(3)控制及监测数据均采用模拟信号传输,试验过程控制及数据采集精度均较高;(4)采用高强度粘接剂直接拉伸,使试件完全处于被拉伸状态,能更真实地模拟工程实际中岩体的受力状态。采用该试验系统,对田下凝灰岩进行了拉应力条件下的广义应力松弛试验,试验结果表明,其具有较好的实用性和可靠性,为研究工程实际中岩石受拉应力作用下的广义应力松弛力学性质提供了新的试验方法及手段。  相似文献   

河套永济灌域土壤酸碱性与养分元素的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱阳春  张振华  赵学勇  连杰  陈敏  刘良旭 《中国沙漠》2017,37(4):742-748

为了探讨干旱区灌区不同土地利用方式下盐碱化土壤剖面pH值与土壤水分和养分之间的关系,测定河套永济灌域荒地、林地、农田3种土地利用方式下0~20、20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100 cm剖面土壤pH值、含水率（SMC）、有机质（OM）、总氮（TN）、Zn、Cu的含量。结果表明：土壤pH值平均值为9.13;土壤含水率2.96%~31.35%;土壤OM、TN含量平均值分别为11.30、0.49 g·kg^-1;微量营养元素Zn、Cu平均值分别为107.20、32.78 mg·kg^-1,是相应背景值的1.9、1.7倍;3种土地利用方式下,土壤pH值差异性极显著（P<0.001）,高低顺序为荒地 > 农田 > 林地,在垂直剖面含量差异并不显著（P>0.05）;3种土地利用方式下,土壤pH值主要受TN含量的影响,回归方程为Y_pH=9.336-0.409X_TN（P=0.001）;表层（0~40 cm）土壤pH值在一定程度上受Cu含量的影响,回归方程为Y_pH=0.018 X_Cu+8.523（P=0.003）。在河套永济灌域,一方面土壤碱化会导致土壤养分含量的贫瘠,另一方面施肥等农业活动在一定程度上降低了土壤表层碱性,同时造成微量元素的累积,加重土壤碱性的作用也非常显著,因此在增加农业投入的同时应合理科学地施用农药化肥。  相似文献   

硅钾肥对青菜产量品质和土壤养分影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵风兰  刘彩玲  张洁 《地域研究与开发》2012,31(6):161-164

采取等养分及土培试验方法,进行硅钾肥在不同施肥条件下对青菜产量、维生素含量、硝酸盐含量、重金属元素含量以及土壤养分含量影响的试验,分析施用硅钾肥对提高蔬菜产量品质和土壤养分的作用。结果显示:施用硅钾肥可以有效提高土壤有效氮和土壤有效磷含量,明显提高青菜的产量和青菜中维生素含量,减少青菜硝酸盐含量,降低青菜中重金属元素镉、铬、铅等的含量。  相似文献   

杉木与楠木凋落叶混合分解及其P、K动态     

江淼华  程徐冰  杨建忠  郭剑芬 《福建地理》2012,(3):14-19

将杉木、楠木凋落叶及以二者不同比例混合的凋落叶置于果园林内进行分解和P、K动态的研究,结果表明：杉木和楠木凋落叶混合处理的分解速率均大于单独分解的纯杉木和纯楠木凋落叶.各凋落叶分解过程中,P浓度略有增加,而K浓度基本呈下降趋势.纯杉木凋落叶分解过程中P、K残留率均比纯楠木叶的低.杉楠混合分解的P、K释放率基本上大于单独的纯楠木叶.杉木与楠木凋落叶混合分解对其P和K的释放有一定的促进作用.  相似文献   

Nutrient compositions of cultured Thalassiosira rotula and Skeletonema costatum from the Jiaozhou Bay in China     

SHEN Zhiliang  WU Yulin  LIU Qun  YAO Yun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(4):147-155

Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon composition of cultured two different sized phytoplankton common species of Thalazsiosira rotula and Skeletonema costatum from the Jiaozhou Bay were measured. Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon contents in cell were obvious higher in T. rotula than in S. costatum, but the percents of nitrogen, phosphorus, sihcon contents in cell dry mass in T. rotula were lower than those in S. costatum. The dry mass concentrations of nitrogen,phosphorus, silicon in S. costatum were much higher than those in T. rotula, particularly silicon, the former was 6. 4 times of the latter, showing that S. costatum could more assimilate these elements. Especially, S. costatum had competitive dominance for assimilating silicon, which is beneficial to its becoming a major dominant species in relative short silicon of the Jiaozhou Bay. There were some differences in numerical value of nutrient ratios both laboratory-cultured phytoplankton and different sized suspended particulates （ mainly phytoplankton） in the Jiaozhou Bay, which was caused by the changes of environment. High contents of carbon, nitrogon and relative low phosporus, sil- icon, high molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus （far higher than Redfield value） and low ratio of silicon to phosphorus and silicon to nitrogen （far lower than Redfield values） in the two diatoms and different sized suspended particulates were consistent with those in the seawater. Relative short silicon in the seawater and phytoplankton showed that silicon was possibly affectting phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay.  相似文献   

Development of a new index for integrating landscape patterns with ecological processes at watershed scale   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

Liding Chen  Huiying Tian  Bojie Fu  Xinfeng Zhao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(1):37-45

Understanding the relationship between landscape patterns and ecological processes has been a central yet challenging research theme in landscape ecology. Over the past decades, many landscape metrics have been proposed but few directly incorporated ecological processes. In this paper, we developed a landscape index, namely, location-weighted landscape index (LWLI) to highlight the role of landscape type in ecological processes, such as nutrient losses and soil erosion. Within the framework of the Lorenz curve theory, we develop this index by integrating landscape pattern and point-based measurements at a watershed scale. The index can be used to characterize the contribution of landscape pattern to ecological processes (e.g. nutrient losses) with respect to a specific monitoring point in a watershed. Through a case study on nutrient losses in an agricultural area in northeastern China, we found that nutrient losses tended to be higher for a watershed with a higher LWLI value, and vice versa. It implied that LWLI can be used to evaluate the potential risk of nutrient losses or soil erosion by comparing their values across watersheds. In addition, this index can be extended to characterize ecological processes, such as the effect of landscape pattern on wildlife inhabitation and urban heat island effect. Finally, we discuss several problems that should be paid attention to when applying this index to a heterogeneous landscape site.  相似文献