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61.
62.
低头坝养鱼对上下游局域栖息地和鱼类群落时空格局的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河流鱼类的群落特征会随栖息地环境的变化而发生变化.为了解鱼类群落对低头坝养鱼的响应程度,2013—2014年共6次调查了乌龙河(长江下游支流)两个可涉水河段样点(上游坝和下游坝)的环境因子、鱼类多样性及其群落结构.共采集到5目10科21属24种鱼类,以鲤形目鲤科最多,占总数的58.3%.通过解析时空动态变化与局域栖息地条件对鱼类群落的影响,发现季节因素对鱼类群落结构无显著影响,而鱼类群落所在空间位置(上游坝,下游坝)对群落结构差异具有较显著影响,其中上游中华鳑鲏(Rhodeus sinensis)、(Hemiculter leucisculus)、棒花鱼(Abbottina rivularis)、大鳍鱊(Acheilognathus macropterus),下游食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)的多度决定了这种差异;而3个栖息地变量(溶解氧浓度、电导率和流速)均对鱼类群落特征具有显著性影响.栖息地环境差异对河流上、下游鱼类群落的影响较大,具体体现在下游样点鱼类的捕获重量、捕获数量、密度、多样性明显下降,推测利用低头坝养鱼是造成这些现象的重要原因. 相似文献
63.
中国沿海中华白海豚种群的分布区 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中华白海豚Sousa chinensis(Osbeck,1765)首先在我国发现,是我国沿海仅有的定居性海洋鲸豚类.本文根据中华白海豚目击事件和研究报道,分析了中华白海豚在中国的分布、种群隔离及其差异.认为我国南方福建、广东以南沿海为中华白海豚种群的主要分布区,明确指出我国沿海存在5个主要的中华白海豚种群栖息地.通过分析,划分出中华白海豚活动的边缘区和栖息地两个部分.由于中华白海豚种群不断缩小,在保护中华白海豚栖息地的基础上,加强对中华白海豚栖息地外的边缘区的保护显得尤为重要.本文分析将为科学划定中华白海豚保护区提供依据. 相似文献
64.
根据2003—2007年秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔获数据以及海洋环境数据 ,利用主成分分析法确定各环境因子的权重,分别采用权重求和法和几何平均法进行栖息地适宜指数(HSI)建模分析,选择最优模型进行实证分析,结果表明,权重最高的环境因子为SST,最小的为Chl-a浓度。HSI值较高的海区一般位于200海里专属经济区外附近海域。经统计比较,用权重求和法计算所得HSI值好于几何平均法。利用2008年茎柔鱼生产数据进行实证分析,产量和作业次数随HSI值升高而增加,权重求和法的HSI模型可用于茎柔鱼渔场的实时动态预报。分析还显示, HSI分布情况与研究海域的的海洋环境密切相关,HSI不小于0.8的海区一般处在水团交汇处。 相似文献
65.
66.
汶川8.0级地震后岷山山脉大熊猫栖息地自然遗产保护战略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岷山山脉是大熊猫的主要分布区,是我国保护大熊猫栖息地的关键区域之一。由于岷山山脉大熊猫栖息地处在南北地震带上,岷山山脉是大地震多发区与大熊猫栖息地重叠带。"5·12"汶川地震的高烈度区覆盖了岷山山脉北段大熊猫主栖息地的东部与南部,地震地面破裂带与极震区纵贯南段栖息地,导致北段主栖息地局部的严重地面破坏和南段栖息地大范围的严重地面破坏。通过调查汶川地震对栖息地的破坏情况,总结历史上地震对大熊猫栖息地的影响,分析汶川8.0级地震对岷山山脉大熊猫栖息地的影响程度,进而强调岷山山脉大熊猫栖息地自然遗产的重要性,提出岷山山脉大熊猫栖息地自然遗产保护战略。建议在岷山山脉北段建立涪江源国家级风景名胜区,编制岷山山脉大熊猫栖息地世界自然遗产扩展提名文本与保护规划。建议在岷山山脉南段建立龙门山地震遗址国家级风景名胜区,实施龙门山脉大熊猫栖息地与地震断层遗址保护计划。 相似文献
67.
为了克服已有物理栖息地模型仅能在具有较完善监测资料河流使用的局限性,介绍了一种应用模糊逻辑的物理栖息地模拟方法。该方法以河道平面二维流场模拟结果为基础,将鱼类学和生态学专家的知识经验融入物理栖息地模型中,运用模糊逻辑推理计算栖息地各单元适宜度,最后根据加权可用面积、高适宜度面积比例与流量的关系曲线确定生态需水量。运用该方法对葛洲坝坝下中华鲟产卵栖息地进行模拟。研究结果表明,中华鲟产卵期适宜生态需水量为10 000~17 000 m3/s。分析认为该方法对监测资料依赖程度低,使用专家知识经验能够弥补数据不足造成的不利影响,具有一定的可行性及实用性。该研究有助于监测资料不足的河流开展生态保护及河流管理工作,并且能够为模糊数学理论在水生态学中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
68.
The process of habitat degradation varies in habitat type and driving force which shows certain spatial and temporal heterogeneity on regional scales. In the present study, a new diagnostic model for enclosed bay habitat degradation was established, with which the spatial and temporal variation patterns of habitat degradation during 1991–2012 in Sansha Bay, Fujian, China was investigated. The results show that anthropogenic disturbance is the major controlling factor for the habitat degradation in large temporal heterogeneity in the bay. On the other hand, the habitat degradation experienced signifi cant spatial variations among six sub-bays. Under the joint action of temporal and spatial heterogeneity, the degradation trend in growing scale shows a more signifi cant correlation with the distribution of local leading industries along shorelines. Therefore, we quantifi ed the main characters of habitat degradation in Sansha Bay, and have understood the relationship between the status of habitats spatio-temporal variation value and the main controlling factor leading to the changes. However, a defi ciency of this research is the lack of or inaccessible to the detailed data, which shall be better solved in the future study for accessing more data from more sources. 相似文献
69.
XU Weihua Andrés VIA QI Zengxiang OUYANG Zhiyun LIU Jianguo LIU Wei WAN Hui 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(1):60-70
Many nature reserves are established to protect the habitat needs of particular endangered species of interest but their effec-tiveness for protecting other species is questionable.In this study,this effectiveness was evaluated in a nature reserve network located in the Qinling Mountains,Shaanxi Province,China.The network of reserves was established mainly for the conservation of the giant panda,a species considered as a surrogate for the conservation of many other endangered species in the region.The habitat suitability of nine protected species,including the giant panda,was modeled by using Maximum Entropy（MAXENT） and their spatial congruence was analyzed.Habitat suitability of these species was also overlapped with nature reserve boundaries and their management zones（i.e.,core,buffer and experimental zones）.Results show that in general the habitat of the giant panda constitutes a reasonable surrogate of the habitat of other protected species,and giant panda reserves protect a relatively high proportion of the habitat of other protected species.Therefore,giant panda habitat conservation also allows the conservation of the habitat of other protected species in the region.However,a large area of suitable habitat was excluded from the nature reserve network.In addition,four species exhibited a low proportion of highly suitable habitat inside the core zones of nature reserves.It suggests that a high proportion of suitable habitat of protected species not targeted for conservation is located in the experimental and buffer zones,thus,is being affected by human activities.To increase their conservation effectiveness,nature reserves and their management zones need to be re-examined in order to include suitable habitat of more endangered species.The procedures described in this study can be easily implemented for the conservation of many endangered species not only in China but in many other parts of the world. 相似文献
70.
Road impacts on spatial patterns of land use and landscape fragmentation in three parallel rivers region, Yunnan Province, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The structure and function of network is a central issue in landscape ecology.Road networks with hierarchical structure are crucial for understanding landscape dynamics.In this study,we compared the distribution of national road,provincial road,county road and rural road in the Three Parallel Rivers Region(TPRR)in Yunnan Province of China,and estimated the effect of roads(and other factors)on the spatial patterns of land use and land cover with logistic regression.In addition,we analyzed the land use and land cover change(LUCC)and landscape fragmentation in 1989–2005 along a buffer zone of the primary traffic corridor,national road G214.The results showed that,county and rural roads had much higher percentage of length extending into more natural habitats at higher elevation and steeper slope,compared with the higher level roads in this region.While the distributions of natural land cover types were dominated by environmental factors,human land use types i.e.,building land and farmland types were significantly related with roads,linking more closely with lower level roads.The LUCC dynamics(1989–2005)of the G214 buffer zone showed a general trend of land transformation from conifer forests and valley arid shrubs to building land and farmland,and from ice and snow to alpine shrubs and forests.With the length of G214 unchanged during the time,the overall landscape pattern changed little in the buffer zone,but habitat fragmentation and area decrease had occurred for the natural vegetation types,in contrast to patch mergence and expansion of human land use types,and landscape fragmentation was intensified above 2500 m a.s.l.but declined below the elevation.The results indicated the dynamics of landscape composition and patch type level distribution in spite of the stability of the overall landscape pattern,and implied the potential role of roads,especially the low level roads on landscape changes. 相似文献