MERSI和MODIS卫星监测京津冀及周边地区PM_2.5浓度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈辉  厉青  王中挺  孙云  毛慧琴  程斌 《遥感学报》2018,22(5):822-832

京津冀及周边地区是中国PM_(2.5)污染最重的区域之一,利用卫星遥感技术监测大范围的PM_(2.5)时空分布变化是一种先进的重要手段。本研究首先基于暗像元算法利用FY-3B/MERSI与AQUA/MODIS对京津冀及周边区域进行了遥感AOT反演和验证分析;然后,引入气象资料和地面观测资料利用GWR模型反演了区域PM_(2.5)浓度,并对遥感反演结果进行了交叉验证评估,综合对比分析了MERSI和MODIS的气溶胶及PM_(2.5)遥感监测能力;最后,利用MERSI数据对2017年第一季度京津冀及周边区域的PM_(2.5)月均浓度时空分布变化情况进行了初步探索分析。结果表明:FY-3B/MERSI在气溶胶及PM_(2.5)遥感监测能力方面略优于AQUA/MODIS,MERSI反演的1 km分辨率AOT和PM_(2.5)与地面站点实测结果的决定系数R2分别为0.76μg/m~3和0.79μg/m~3,均方根误差分别为0.26μg/m~3和28μg/m~3,平均绝对误差分别为0.16μg/m~3和15μg/m~3,能基本满足对京津冀及周边区域PM_(2.5)的精细化监测需要。2017年第一季度京津冀及周边区域PM_(2.5)月均浓度遥感监测结果表明该区域的PM_(2.5)空间分布格局与地形地貌关系密切,高值区整体上沿太行山脉成带成片;从时间变化来看,1—3月呈逐月下降的趋势,其中3月份PM_(2.5)区域浓度较1月和2月有大幅下降。这说明FY-3\MERSI遥感反演产品能为环境质量监测和环境管理工作效果评估提供有效参考,本研究对国产卫星在大气环境遥感业务中的大力发展应用有重要参考意义。  相似文献   

北京一次持续性雾霾过程的阶段性特征及影响因子分析   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

曹伟华  梁旭东  李青春 《气象学报》2013,71(5):940-951

利用北京地区高时间分辨率观测资料对2009年11月3—8日一次持续性雾霾天气过程中的气象因素和气溶胶演变特征进行了分析。结果表明,该次雾霾过程具有明显的阶段性特征,前期以霾为主,中期发展为雾霾交替,后期随着相对湿度减小再次转换为霾并最终消散。边界层逆温是低能见度过程形成的必要条件,但并不最终决定雾霾低能见度强度。相对湿度和PM_2.5浓度是决定能见度大小的两个关键影响因子,对能见度的影响体现出阶段性特征。大部分时段PM_2.5浓度是影响能见度的主要因子,当能见度小于1 km时,能见度变化更多受相对湿度影响。不同的情景计算表明,控制PM_2.5浓度对于改善本次过程的能见度有重要作用。  相似文献   

Elements’ Geochemical Characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 in Beijing During Winter and Spring     

Wang Di  Feng Haiyan  Jing Huimin 《地球科学进展》2017,32(8):850-858

From 2012 to 2013, heavy haze frequently hit Beijing in spring and winter. The fine atmospheric particulates can be inhaled by people, and remain in the respiratory tract and lung for quite a long time. The heavy metal elements in the particles are harmful, and even carcinogenic to human bodies. Therefore, it is necessary to master the geochemical characteristics and the temporal and spatial distribution of the heavy metal elements in atmospheric particles. The atmospheric particulates (TSP/PM₁₀/PM_2.5) were collected by using TH1500C intelligent medium volume (80~120 L/min) air samplers in the five functional areas and suburbs of Beijing, respectively in January 2013 (heating period) and April 2013 (non-heating period). The five functional areas were: building materials factory area, residential area, education area, business area and recreation area, each functional area having three sampling sites, and five in suburbs. The sampling height was 1.5 m above the ground and the distance of the sampling sites to roads exceeded 50 m so as to avoid excessive impact of vehicle exhaust emissions. These samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer(ICP-OES)and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer (AFS), by which 21 elements including Al, Fe, Mn, As, Hg, Cd, Cr were tested. Based on the comparisons of the concentration and element content variation of atmospheric particulates of these functional areas in and after the heating period, the spatial distribution of atmospheric particulates and the influence of coal combustion on the concentration and composition of atmospheric particulates were revealed. The elements sources of atmospheric particulates were also discussed by computing the enrichment factor of the elements, providing a scientific basis for the air contaminant treatment in Beijing. The results showed that the total concentration of the 21 elements of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in the functional areas of Beijing in winter was higher than that in spring, the most marked among them being the business area. In winter, the concentration of pollution elements in the building materials factory area and the business area in Beijing was extremely high, and the residential area, education area, recreation area and suburbs where people live were much better, among which the education area was the best. The concentration change of particulates in suburbs was quite smaller in winter and spring than that of the urban area. It also showed that the concentrations of Cd, Cr, As and Hg in PM₁₀ increased by 233%,306%,298%,141%,respectively and the increase in PM_2.5 was 442%、309%、310%、256%, respectively. These abovementioned elements show a tendency to accumulate mainly in PM_2.5 whose concentrations in winter were significantly higher than those in spring. It indicates that coal heating during winter makes great contributions to the polluting elements in atmosphere and the main polluting particulates are Cd, As and Hg.  相似文献   

A 2.5-D coupled FE–BE model for the dynamic interaction between saturated soil and longitudinally invariant structures     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

A two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5-D) coupled finite element–boundary element (FE–BE) model is presented to simulate the three-dimensional dynamic interaction between saturated soils and structures with longitudinally invariant geometries. A regularized 2.5-D boundary integral equation for saturated porous media is derived that avoids the evaluation of singular traction integrals. The 2.5-D coupled FE–BE model is established by using the continuity conditions on the soil–structure interface. The developed model is verified through comparison with an existing semi-analytical method. Two case studies of a tunnel embedded in a poroelastic half-space and the efficiency of a vibration isolating screen are presented.  相似文献   

Seismic analysis of underground tunnels by the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

A procedure for the seismic analysis of underground tunnels using recorded free-field earthquakes based on the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach is presented. The near and far fields of the half space are modeled by finite and infinite elements, respectively. Using the 1D wave theory, the nodal force and displacement on the near-field boundary are computed for each spectral frequency of the earthquake. Then, equivalent seismic forces are computed for the near-field boundary for the earthquake spectrum. By assuming the soil-tunnel system to be uniform along the tunnel axis, the 2.5D approach can account for the wave transmission along the tunnel axis, which reduces to the 2D case for infinite transmission velocity. The horizontal and vertical components of the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake (TCU068) are adopted as the free-field motions in the numerical analysis. The maximal stresses and distribution patterns of the tunnel section under the P- and SV-waves are thoroughly studied by the 2.5D and 2D approaches, which should prove useful to the design of underground tunnels.  相似文献   

中高山区高精度航磁调查找矿效果研究     

张洪瑞  熊盛青  范正国  周道卿  谭林  曹宝宝 《地球物理学进展》2013,28(4)

随着矿产资源需求的不断加大,我国西部高山区利用高精度航磁技术开展矿产勘查的需求越来越高,本文以东昆仑、阿尔金等多个高山区实测资料为基础,通过对不同型号飞机性能进行对比,选择适合高山区航磁测量的飞行平台;结合理论模型计算与不同高度飞行试验,确定了高山区有效飞行高度;并在基础上开展了航地磁测量效果对比.在航磁资料精细解释方面尝试了曲面位场转换处理,对比了转换前后局部异常强度变化;针对高海拔地区弱小磁异常选编,开展了弱缓异常提取技术研究;并针对起伏地形条件下航磁异常2.5D/3D精细反演解释技术手段进行了尝试,就如何提高航磁资料找矿效果进行了积极的探索.  相似文献   

应用纤维素示踪北京市PM_2.5天然植被排放来源的研究     

丁毅  张烃  董树屏  刘咸德  梁汉东 《岩矿测试》2013,32(5):738-746

大气细粒子(PM_2.5)污染是全球尤其是我国许多城市的重要环境问题。利用示踪物质识别和估算大气颗粒物来源是公认的可靠技术,纤维素可以作为示踪物质表征一次颗粒物的天然植被排放来源。本文针对大气细粒子中纤维素含量低、全程序空白相对较高等难点,优化建立了纤维素酶水解、GOD-苯酚-四氨基安替比林测糖法,在我国首次应用于测定大气PM_2.5中纤维素的含量,估算天然植被排放源的贡献。方法检出限为0.26 μg/m³(纤维素),可以满足大气PM_2.5纤维素测定要求;而且有效地降低了空白,全程序空白值(36.5 μg葡萄糖)低于文献方法空白值(53.8 μg葡萄糖),使之更适合于PM_2.5的测定。使用本方法对2012年5月至6月采集的北京市大气PM_2.5样品进行分析,纤维素检出率为96%,纤维素的平均含量为(0.573±0.17) μg/m³,折合为天然植被排放量占PM_2.5质量浓度的1.37%±0.65%;天然植被排放源对有机碳的平均贡献率为4.4%,最大达到9.2%,反映出天然植被排放是北京市PM_2.5的重要来源之 一。本研究方法为我国城市大气颗粒物(包括总悬浮颗粒物、PM₁₀、PM_2.5等)来源识别提供了新的手段。  相似文献   

华北克拉通~2.5Ga地壳再造事件：来自中条山TTG质片麻岩的证据   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张瑞英  张成立  孙勇 《岩石学报》2013,29(7):2265-2280

华北克拉通中部中条山区涑水杂岩是华北克拉通新太古代TTG质片麻岩地体之一。为了探讨华北克拉通新太古代构造-岩浆事件的性质及早前寒武纪地壳的形成和演化,选择涑水杂岩中TTG质岩石进行研究。研究表明这套TTG质岩石富Na、高Al、Sr,低Y、Cr、Ni含量。稀土元素配分曲线右倾,富Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,这套TTG质片麻岩形成于2553～2561Ma,属新太古代晚期产物。锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果显示εHf(t)为正值,两阶段模式年龄集中在2.7～2.8Ga。结合涑水杂岩中TTG质片麻岩的岩石地球化学特征,认为这套TTG片麻岩可能主要来自2.7～2.8Ga的下地壳镁铁质岩石在新太古代晚期的部分熔融,可能有少量的地幔物质加入。考虑同期发育大量花岗质岩石的事实,说明新太古代晚期在华北克拉通中部并不存在大规模的俯冲作用,华北克拉通在新太古代晚期已经基本成型。结合前人研究成果和本文锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果,提出中条山区～2.5Ga岩浆事件代表一期重要的陆壳再造事件。  相似文献   

饱和土体中空沟对移动荷载被动隔振的 2.5D边界元法分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐斌  雷晓燕  徐满清  刘林芽 《岩土力学》2012,33(4):1079-1086

根据饱和土Biot理论及移动荷载特性,采用积分变换方法,推导了半无限饱和土体频域-波数内的边界积分方程,讨论了2.5D边界积分方程中Cauchy的奇异性,并分析了空沟对移动荷载引起饱和土体振动的被动隔振效果。通过与已知文献结果比较,验证了算法的正确性。数值结果表明,采用2.5D BEM不仅可以解决具有复杂表面的移动荷载作用下动力响应问题,而且可极大减小计算工作量。对于饱和土体受高速移动荷载作用,空沟更能有效减小土体孔压、竖向位移的振幅;当荷载速度较小时,空沟对土体表面的水平向位移几乎不起衰减作用,甚至有放大效应。另外,随空沟距振源的距离增大,空沟能够更好阻隔土体表面波传播。  相似文献   

区域地质调查与资源勘查高精度磁测找矿效果——以青海尕林格矿区为例     

张恒磊  刘天佑  朱朝吉  周肇武 《物探与化探》2011,35(1):12-16

青海尕林格铁矿区地表有近200 m厚的第四系覆盖层,地质工作几乎无法开展,加之钻井控制有限,增加了该区勘探的难度。笔者在前人工作的基础上,运用小波多尺度方法分析了该区的平面磁异常,发现小波一阶、二阶细节突出了3线附近的断裂特征,同时对3线设计剖面作正演计算,也表明该剖面处在断裂位置。该推断已经被钻探验证。另外小波四阶细节（场源似深度456 m）表现为区域场特征,推断该区深度456 m以下存在磁铁矿体的可能不大,对位于异常中心的5号地质剖面的正演计算没有发现剩余异常,也映证了该区深部没有隐伏铁矿体。小波多尺度分析与2.5维人机交互反演技术等综合方法技术的应用,加深了对该区磁异常特征的认识,可以为钻孔布置提供有力的佐证。  相似文献