量纲分析应用于地震预测的探索   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘月  尹祥础  袁帅  张浪平 《地球物理学报》2012,55(9):3043-3050

加卸载响应比(LURR)的基本思路是希望能够通过刻画震源区介质的损伤程度,反映地震孕育的进程,从而预测地震.近30年来,很多人对加卸载响应比做了大量基础研究,取得了一系列新的进展.加卸载响应比在地震预测实践中也取得了一定的效果,异常区与地震发生的位置有较好的对应性,但是预测效果仍不够理想.究其原因主要是:在实际预测中对当地的地球物理情况考虑的不够.本文采用量纲分析与加卸载响应比结合的方法,综合考虑当地的地球物理情况,例如剪应变率和平均地震波能量等因素的影响.文中选取1970年以来发生在中国大陆的34个震例资料,通过分析得到了与发震震级和时间相关的无量纲量π₁和π₃,根据对实际数据的拟合,π₁和π₃均与震级成指数关系.在应用于地震预测实践时,首先根据LURR空间扫描结果选取异常区,然后确定异常区的地球物理参数,通过π₁确定震级M,再由π₃确定发震时间T.  相似文献   

干旱和复水对羊草碳氮分配的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许振柱  周广胜  王玉辉 《气象与环境学报》2007,23(3):65-71

植物的碳氮营养及其相互关系是最重要的基本生物过程之一,阶段性干旱对植物碳氮分配的影响研究甚少。实验以中国北方草原的典型植物羊草为材料,研究不同干旱持续期复水对羊草碳氮含量、分配及其相互关系的影响。结果表明:短期和中期干旱使植株生物量、氮素水平和单株总氮量增加,但长期干旱使之降低。水分处理对碳含量的影响不显著。干旱后复水降低了各器官特别是绿叶的碳氮比。中度持续干旱的氮素利用率(NUE)最高、短期干旱最低。羊草各器官氮素绝对量占整株的百分比从大到小依次为:绿叶、根茎、根、枯叶和茎鞘,其中叶片的氮素总量占植株的一半以上;随着干旱持续期的增加,氮素对根部的投资亦加大。羊草受到适当干旱驯化后复水引发的超补偿作用可促进羊草植株生长、提高氮素水平,并在一定程度上通过碳氮分配的调节作用来适应于阶段性的干旱胁迫。  相似文献   

基于云计算的九分量噪声互相关函数计算及其在China Array密集台阵数据的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李娜  王伟涛  王宝善 《中国地震》2018,34(2):244-257

提出一种基于云计算的九分量噪声互相关函数的计算方法,可以利用弹性的云计算服务,实现海量噪声互相关函数计算的分解和加速。本文将此技术应用于"中国地震科学台阵探测——南北地震带北段"674个宽频带台站2014~2015年的三分量连续记录,获取了所有台站间的九分量噪声互相关函数。总体计算共完成了约22万条台站对路径上近14.9亿条单天互相关函数的计算,整体平均耗时约为10.2h,完成等量计算,传统计算模式需要耗时近6个月,基于云计算的NCF计算技术实现了近400倍的加速,并可以弹性地扩充。分析了所得九分量噪声互相关函数中瑞利面波的ZH振幅比,并与天然地震中瑞利面波的振幅比进行了比较,验证了计算结果的可靠性。基于云计算的噪声互相关函数计算方法,为利用现代计算技术处理海量数据提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

基于方位地震数据的地应力反演方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

马妮  印兴耀  孙成禹  宗兆云 《地球物理学报》2018,61(2):697-706

在页岩油气藏的开发和勘探阶段，需要对储层进行水力压裂改造，形成有利于油气聚集和运移的裂缝.地应力是进行水力压裂改造的重要参数，能够决定裂缝的大小、方向以及分布形态，影响着压裂的增产效果，且最大和最小水平应力差异比（ODHSR，Orthorhombic Differential Horizontal Stress Ratio）是评价储层是否可压裂成网的重要因子.本文探讨了基于地震数据估算地应力的方法，以指导页岩气的水力压裂开发.首先，利用叠前方位地震数据反演得到地层的弹性参数和各向异性参数；其次，基于正交各向异性水平应力差异比近似公式，利用反演得到的弹性参数和各向异性参数估算地层的ODHSR；最后，选取某工区的裂缝型页岩储层的叠前方位地震数据对该方法进行实际应用.实际工区地震数据应用表明，基于叠前方位地震数据反演得到的ODHSR能够有效的识别储层中易于压裂成网的区域.  相似文献   

Differences in habitat selection of male and female megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis, Walbaum) to the west of Ireland. A result of differences in life-history strategies between the sexes?     

H.D. Gerritsen  D. McGrath  C. Lordan  X. Harlay 《Journal of Sea Research》2010,64(4):487-493

The sex ratio in the catches of megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis, Walbaum) varied systematically with depth on three independent trawl survey series off the west coast of Ireland. Female megrim dominated the shallow catches, while males were more common in catches from deeper waters. The size difference between the sexes alone cannot explain this pattern because it remained evident when fish length was taken into account. Therefore size-specific habitat preferences or size-selective fishing mortality cannot fully explain the observed trend in the sex ratio of megrim. Female megrim grow to a larger size, at a faster rate than males and it is likely that their differences in habitat preferences are related to this. Shallower waters are warmer during the growing season and are likely to provide better conditions for fast growth. An understanding of the mechanisms behind these patterns is an important consideration in the management and conservation of this fish stock, which might be particularly vulnerable because the commercial landings are to a large extent dominated by female megrim.  相似文献   

黏土涂抹充填方法评价断层封闭性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨智  何生  李奇艳  王芙蓉 《世界地质》2005,24(3):259-264

断层封闭性的评价是研究控制油气运聚的断裂输导体系的核心问题.黏土涂抹充填评价方法是评价断层封闭性的方法之一.断层封闭与否的机理是断裂带及断层两盘存在排驱压力差,黏土涂抹充填方法将断裂带中的泥质百分含量与排驱压力差的相关关系很好地反映出来.列举影响断层封闭性的诸多要素,探讨因黏土涂抹充填封闭断层的机理,进而总结了国内外用黏土涂抹充填方法研究断层封闭性的进展,重点讨论了断层泥比率法（SGR）及与其相关的定量评价方法.  相似文献   

Probability Estimates of Field Areas and Trapped Oil Volumes     

Anderson  Malcolm  Gullco  Robert S. 《Natural Resources Research》2001,10(2):149-158

A portion of a sedimentary basin is subdivided conceptually into hexagons of equal area. The area of each hexagon is equal to the minimum area an oil field should have to be commercial. Hexagons can be full of oil or empty. A field size 1 consists of a cell with oil surrounded by six empty cells; a field size 2 consists of two adjacent cells with oil surrounded by eight empty cells, etc. Principles of Percolation Theory are used to determine the probability distribution of the areas of the oil fields existing in this portion of the basin. The only piece of information necessary to determine this probability distribution is the Success Ratio (number of successful exploration wells/total number of exploration wells drilled in this portion of the basin). This approach has several practical applications.A probabilistic model is introduced to predict to which extent potential oil traps are filled with oil. The model assumes that the probability that an oil unit will end up in a particular trap, is proportional to the surface area of the trap. The model predicts that independently of the distribution of the trap volumes, there will be a critical trap volume. All the traps having a volume less than this critical volume, will be filled to spill point. An equation is deduced to predict, for all traps having a volume greater than the critical, the volume of oil that can be encountered in the trap, provided the volume of the trap is known.  相似文献   

矛盾符号比与区域构造的关系及其应用     

阎明 《地球物理学进展》1993,(4)

通过十几年来对小震综合节面解矛盾符号比与强震关系的研究,发现矛盾符号比与区域构造有关.根据区域构造不同适当划分小区,则有的小区中矛盾符号比与强震关系明显,呈现“高-低-发震-高”的变化趋势.这样的小区形成强震孕育的“敏感点”其他小区则无明显变化.一方面可以从“敏感点”中捕捉未来大震的信息;另一方面,根据小区中矛盾符号的变化特点还可以判断地震序列的性质和预测强余震.  相似文献   

Seasonal changes of direction of sand movements on Kotogahama Coast     

K. Mizamura  K. Tagawa  T. Yamamoto 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(6):641-648

 X-ray fluorescent spectroscope-analysis and the method of ratio matching can determine mean directions of sand movement and geochemical classifications of sand grains. The result can also evaluate the physical condition of seabeds in a study area (erosion or accretion). This method is applied to a sedimentation problem in the fishing port of Tsurugiji in Japan and the result is in agreement with the comparison of the change of sea bottom topography measured in different years. The seasonal changes of sand movement on this coast and sedimentation in the port are also investigated. Received: 8 October 1998 · Accepted: 15 February 1999  相似文献   

The Experimental Simulation of Rocks on Load/Unload Response Ratio for Earthquake Prediction     

Wang Yucang  Yin Xiangchu  and Wang HaitaoLaboratory for Non-linear Mechanics of Continuous Media 《中国地震研究》1998,(4)

The load/unload experiments on rock failure under pressure have been carried out in Material Test System (MTS) in the Laboratory for Non-linear Mechanics of Continuous Media (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and load/unload response ratio (LURR) values with strain as response (i.e. inverse elastic constant as response rate) have been obtained. The experimental results are in accordance with theoretical results and those in real earthquakes: LURR rises just before rock failure. So LURR can be used as the precursor of rock failure and earthquake prediction.  相似文献