Improving a digital elevation model by reducing source data errors and optimising interpolation algorithm parameters: An example in the Loess Plateau,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2007,9(3):235-246

A hydrologically correct digital elevation model (DEM) forms a basis for realistic environmental modelling, especially in complex terrain. We have performed a study in the Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments (CSHC) of the Loess Plateau, China, which demonstrates pragmatic, yet effective methods for improving the quality of the DEM by: (1) identifying and correcting source topographic data errors and (2) optimising ANUDEM algorithm parameters. Improvement in the DEM based on fixing over 1100 errors in the input topographic data, and optimising key ANUDEM parameters was assessed using higher accuracy independent validation of 32 contributing areas and 1474 spot heights, and by semi-quantitative analysis of DEM derivatives produced from ANUDEM and Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) algorithms. Improvement in the ANUDEM DEM over the original TIN DEM was shown where the percentage of the total absolute difference in contributing areas reduced from 10.43 to 3.51%, and the bias between the spot heights and DEM elevations reduced from 45 to 32 m. Large improvement in DEM quality was gained by using ANUDEM instead of TIN, with smaller improvement gained by fixing source data errors, and optimising ANUDEM parameters.  相似文献   

梅雨锋暴雨数值模拟中地形的作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

熊秋芬  胡江林  张耀存 《气象科学》2007,27(6):591-596

通过WRF模式对2003年7月9日至10日梅雨锋暴雨天气过程在有、无地形情况下数值模拟的结果的分析,探讨了地形对梅雨锋暴雨的影响。研究表明:在有地形的模拟中,模拟的结果较好地再现了梅雨锋降水过程、主要影响系统和梅雨锋的结构;而无地形的模拟中,模拟的雨带偏南,强降水范围偏大,降水系统偏南。地形对梅雨锋暴雨的作用是由于地形减弱了北方冷空气的强度。  相似文献   

The gravitational attraction of any polygonally shaped vertical prism with inclined top and bottom faces   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D. A. Smith 《Journal of Geodesy》2000,74(5):414-420

 A closed formula for computing the gravitational attraction of a general vertical prism with N+2 faces (N faces are vertical planes, the other two are the inclined top and bottom planes) in Cartesian coordinates is presented. In addition, the special case of a triangular prism is discussed. Algebraic differences and overlooked singularity conditions of a previously published formula of this computation (which was only for the triangular special case) were identified and are also presented. Received: 22 March 1999 / Accepted: 2 February 2000  相似文献   

第五代PSU/NCAR中尺度模式系统(MM5)介绍I:地形及地表分类参数处理(TERRAIN模块)     

王劲松  张华  李耀辉 《干旱气象》2000,(2)

利用TERRAIN模块的主要功能、结构和原理对模块的安装和操作使用给予了说明。同时 ,为了加深读者对该模块的认识 ,对不同分辨率的地形、地表分类参数的处理进行比较 ,分析结果表明 ,高分辨率地形及地表分类资料的选取能更真实地反映出下垫面的实际特征 ,是今后进行中尺度天气预报和数值模拟的基础之一。  相似文献   

How to handle topography in practical geoid determination: three examples   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

O. C. D. Omang  R. Forsberg 《Journal of Geodesy》2000,74(6):458-466

 Three different methods of handling topography in geoid determination were investigated. The first two methods employ the residual terrain model (RTM) remove–restore technique, yielding the quasigeoid, whereas the third method uses the classical Helmert condensation method, yielding the geoid. All three methods were used with the geopotential model Earth Gravity Model (1996) (EGM96) as a reference, and the results were compared to precise global positioning system (GPS) levelling networks in Scandinavia. An investigation of the Helmert method, focusing on the different types of indirect effects and their effects on the geoid, was also carried out. The three different methods used produce almost identical results at the 5-cm level, when compared to the GPS levelling networks. However, small systematic differences existed. Received: 18 March 1999 / Accepted: 21 March 2000  相似文献   

点集收集分配的Delaunay三角网快速生成算法及实现     

袁正午  侯林  彭军还 《测绘科学》2011,36(5):223-225

针对目前Delaunay三角网生成算法中定位待插点所在三角形效率不高的问题,本文提出一种基于对待插点集反复收集分配来完成待插入点所属三角形快速定位的方法.经过在数据结构和实现方式上的改进,算法总体平均时间复杂度为O(NlogN).实验表明,该方法具有实现简单、内存占用较小、运算效率较高等特点.  相似文献   

2008年“7.22”襄樊特大暴雨的天气学机理分析及地形的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

廖移山  冯新  石燕  王仁乔  李俊  闵爱荣 《气象学报》2011,69(6):945-955

利用常规观测、地面逐时降水、NCEP再分析资料和卫星雷达资料,对2008年7月22日发生在鄂西北襄樊的特大暴雨过程从对流层高层一直到地面的天气形势特征进行了较为系统的分析,结果表明,对流层高层稳定的辐散系统、近地层稳定的辐合系统以及中低层发展深厚的西南低涡、不断加强的低空急流是造成这次特大暴雨的主要影响系统.重点分析了200 hPa强辐散中心形成的原因及其在降水中心上空稳定、停滞、加强的机制,认为高空急流右后侧的风速辐散区与西风槽和南亚高压反气旋环流之间的风向开口区两种辐散作用的叠加是造成强降水中心上空强辐散中心的主要原因,而高层西风槽在东移过程中突然停滞并加深,从而导致强辐散中心一度稳定、停滞则是强降水持续发展的重要机制.在近地层,由一个已经发展的对流云团外围出现的强偏北下沉冷出流沿浅薄地形河谷区侵入襄樊附近,当偏南暖湿气流不断加强北进时,一方面受到冷出流的横向阻挡,另一方面又受到大巴山地形的纵向阻挡,两种阻挡作用交汇于襄樊上空,使低层出现强辐合中心并稳定维持,在高层强辐散的共同作用下出现深厚的上升运动.地面低压倒槽和准静止锋的稳定维持以及边界层内大气斜压性的增强也有利于中尺度对流系统在该区域的维持和发展.中低层发展深厚的西南低涡和不断加强的低空急流为强降水中心输送了充足水汽,从西南低涡的东北侧不断分裂出β中尺度对流云团和强回波单体,并沿低层切变线移动到襄樊上空后叠加在高空强辐散、低层强辐合的有利动力作用下而得到进一步发展,并最终形成特大暴雨.  相似文献   

Analysis of the factors affecting LiDAR DTM accuracy in a steep shrub area     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):521-538

The creation of a quality Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is essential for representing and analyzing the Earth in a digital form. The continuous improvements in the acquisition and the potential of airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data are increasing the range of applications of this technique to the study of the Earth surface. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal parameters for calculating a DTM by using an iterative algorithm to select minimum elevations from LiDAR data in a steep mountain area with shrub vegetation. The parameters were: input data type, analysis window size, and height thresholds. The effects of slope, point density, and vegetation on DTM accuracy were also analyzed. The results showed that the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) was obtained with an analysis window size of 10 m, 5 m, and 2.5 m, rasterized data as input data, and height thresholds equal to or greater than 1.5 m. These parameters showed a RMSE of 0.19 m. When terrain slope varied from 0–10% to 50–60%, the RMSE increased by 0.11 m. The RMSE decreased by 0.06 m when point density was increased from 4 to 8 points/m², and increased by 0.05 m in dense vegetation areas.  相似文献   

The research plan of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis     

NATIONAL CENTER FOR GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION  ANALYSIS 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):117-136

Abstract

In August 1988 the U.S. National Science Board established a National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. This paper, which is adapted from the proposal of the successful consortium, describes a multi-year research agenda built around the recognition of impediments to the successful application of geographical information systems technology. The impediments range in nature from technical to institutional and are organized into five major areas: spatial analysis and spatial statistics, spatial databases, artificial intelligence and expert systems, visualization, and social and economic issues. The Center's research programme consists of a series of initiatives in specific areas, which are designed to last for periods of up to two years and to address the removal of recognized impediments.  相似文献   

DEM resolution dependencies of terrain attributes across a landscape     

Y. Deng  J. P. Wilson  B. O. Bauer 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):187-213

This paper documents resolution dependencies in terrain analysis and describes how they vary across landform location. Six terrain attributes were evaluated as a function of DEM resolution—slope, plan curvature, profile curvature, north–south slope orientation, east–west slope orientation, and topographic wetness index. The research highlights the effect of varying spatial resolution through a spatial sampling/resampling scheme while maintaining sets of indexed sample points at various resolutions. Tested sample points therefore coincide exactly between two directly compared resolutions in terms of their location and elevation value. An unsupervised landform classification procedure based on statistical clustering algorithms was employed to define landform classes in a reproducible manner. Correlation and regression analyses identified sensitive and consistent responses for each attribute as resolution was changed, although the tested terrain attributes responded in characteristically different ways. These responses displayed distinguishable patterns among various landform classes, a conclusion that was further verified by a series of two‐sample, two‐tailed t‐tests.  相似文献