陕西一次强沙尘暴过程诊断与分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

滕跃  王万瑞  贺皓  黄宝霞  佘敏丽 《中国沙漠》2008,28(4):769-774

2006年陕西共发生沙尘天气13次,其中4月11日的沙尘天气最为严重,危害最大,这也是陕西近10 a来最为严重的一次沙尘暴天气过程。这次沙尘天气带来一系列的天气演变过程,它持续时间虽然只有8~9 h,但覆盖面积大,影响范围广,全省70%~80%左右的区域都受到了影响。运用FY-2卫星红外云图及MICAPS2.0模式中的数值预报进行分析,发现红外云图呈现出异常状态,高低空形势配合较好,气压梯度、温度梯度密集,狂风突起等状况,试图揭示与解读沙尘天气在发生过程中某些气象因子的特征及其对沙尘天气的影响机理,为今后预报沙尘暴强度和发生区域提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

震前云下增温异常及其时段特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

姚清林  强祖基 《地震》2004,24(3):79-86

利用卫星热红外图像资料做地震短临预报, 主要依据的是地表大气增温异常在卫星图像上的亮温反映。 但在阴云密布的天气条件下, 这种预报方法却受到了限制, 因为卫星无法探测到地面或水面是否有增温异常。 通过气象资料分析, 得知云层或其他气象条件引起的降温并不能改变震前地表温度增加的趋势。 某些地震之前虽然震中及其附近地区天空阴云密布, 地面增温幅度却可高达十几度。 云下增温曲线可划分为3个时段(即A、 B、 C段), 其中A段与C段分别为增温前与震后的温度变化曲线, 多与日照时间呈正相关关系, 特别是A段的这种关系更具普遍性。 然而, 反映震前地面增温特征的B段却与日照时间没有明显的相关性, 可见这种持续增温、 与云量无关的波状增温等都主要不是由日照或气象条件引起的, 而是一种与地下应力作用、 气体释放、 瞬变电场等有关的震兆现象。 因此, 提高对云下增温的系统观测能力, 是改善热红外地震预报的有效途径。  相似文献   

HJ-1B/IRS热红外数据反演太湖水温的方法比较     

龚绍琦  陆品廷  孙德勇  李云梅  吴鹏飞 《湖泊科学》2016,28(3):645-653

太湖是我国典型的富营养化湖泊,水温是影响太湖藻类生长的重要环境因子之一,我国环境减灾卫星HJ-1B搭载的红外多光谱相机IRS对太湖水温动态遥感监测具有较大的性能优势.利用6景过境太湖的IRS热红外遥感影像,分别采用单通道普适性算法、辐射传输模型法和单窗算法反演太湖水温,并与实测水温和同期的TERRA/MODIS温度产品进行对比.结果表明,普适性单通道算法反演水温偏高,而辐射传输模型法和单窗算法则偏低;3种算法反演水温的均方根误差在1.001 K以内,单窗算法反演精度最高,其次是辐射传输模型法,再次为普适性单通道算法,而同期MODIS温度产品的均方根误差为1.507 K.3种算法从IRS热红外数据反演的水温直方图均呈正峰态、尖峰状态分布,反演结果能真实地反映太湖水温的空间分布特征.本研究对只有单个热红外通道的卫星传感器开展内陆水体水温遥感监测具有一定的参考意义.  相似文献   

基于光谱匹配的热红外高光谱数据岩性分类研究     

孙娅琴  田淑芳  王兴振  高雅洁 《现代地质》2016,30(1):239-246

从岩石光谱出发,结合光谱谱带强度特征和光谱波形特征,针对机载热红外高光谱数据（TASI）,在以往算法基础上,提出一种改进的算法--光谱离散能级波形匹配法（SDEM）,并将其运用到岩性分类研究中。SDEM算法能识别岩石光谱间的微小差异,并在充分考虑光谱谱带强度和波形特征的同时,有效减弱数据噪声。与传统的岩性分类方法--高光谱角度制图法（SAM）相比,改进的算法能更精确地区分岩石相似光谱,识别易混淆岩性,对出现“异物同谱”现象的岩石也具有更好的区分能力。将SDEM、SAM方法应用于甘肃柳园地区TASI数据岩性分类研究中,可看出SDEM方法能识别出SAM未识别或识别错误的岩性。通过研究区野外查证,可知SDEM方法所得岩性分类结果更符合岩石实际分布情况。可见光谱离散能级波形匹配法具有较好的岩性分类效果,能更好地区分地物。  相似文献   

WorldView-2近红外光谱波段反演马尾松植被信息的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡秀娟  徐涵秋  黄绍霖  张灿  唐菲 《地球信息科学学报》2016,18(4):537-543

WorldView-2卫星自2009年发射至今,已为用户提供了大量高性能的影像产品。与众多高分辨率卫星影像不同,WorldView-2有2个近红外波段,即近红外1(Near-infrared1,NIR1)和近红外2(Near-infrared2,NIR2),但目前这2个波段在应用上的区别并不清楚。因此,本文以福建省长汀县河田地区的马尾松林为例,采用NIR1和NIR2这2个近红外波段分别构建了3种植被指数(NDVI、ARVI和NDMVI),以探索二者在植被信息反演方面的差异。结果表明,NIR1构建的植被指数在马尾松林提取精度上高于NIR2,并具有更丰富的植被信息量。经统计可知,NIR1所构建的植被指数信息量比NIR2分别大8.0%(NDVI)、12.3%(ARVI)和7.3%(NDMVI);在反演植被覆盖度方面,NIR1也比NIR2具有更高的精度,其模拟的植被覆盖度与实际植被覆盖度的拟合度更高,误差更小。NIR1和NIR2所表现出的差异是因为马尾松在这2个近红外波段的光谱反射不同,其反射在NIR1的波长范围内达到最强,而在NIR2的波长范围内则出现了小幅下降。  相似文献   

Is IRAS 03134 + 5958 a Herbig-Haro object?     

K. V. K. Iyengar  T. N. Rengarajan 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1986,7(3):237-240

The source IRAS 03134 + 5958 identified by Iyengar & Verma (1984) on the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS) prints with a nonstellar optical object with [P – R]≃ 5.3 ± 1.5 is near the edge of Lynds dark cloud No. 1384 and is either embedded in or behind the cloud. The galactic latitude of this source (b ^II = 2‡.3), its positionvis-a-vis the Lynds dark cloud, its nonstellar appearance, high [P – R] colour and its far-infrared spectrum, all suggest the possibility of its being a Herbig-Haro (HH) object. To test this possibility we undertook measurements of its proper motion and variability (two of the characteristic properties of HH objects). These yield μ_a = (3.6 ± 2.3) arcsec/century and μ_δ= (−1.2 ± 2.0) arcsec/century for its proper motion. The source reveals large variation in brightness between 1950 and 1954. Optical line studies of the source are required to confirm its classification as an HH object.  相似文献   

Detecting Arctic snow and ice cover with FY-1D global data     

References： 《极地研究(英文版)》2007,18(1):54-62

Chinese meteorological satellite FY-1D can obtain global data from four spectral channels which include visible channel(0.58-0.68 μm) and infrared channels(0.84-0.89 μm,10.3-11.3 μm,11.5-12.5 μm).2366 snow and ice samples,2024 cloud samples,1602 land samples and 1648 water samples were selected randomly from Arctic imageries.Land and water can be detected by spectral features.Snow-ice and cloud can be classified by textural features.The classifier is Bayes classifier.By synthesizing five d ays classifying result of Arctic snow and ice cover area,complete Arctic snow and ice cover area can be obtained.The result agrees with NOAA/NESDIS IMS products up to 70%.  相似文献   

Advances in understanding of the mechanism for generation of earthquake thermal precursors detected by satellites     

Arun K. Saraf  Vineeta Rawat  Swapnamita Choudhury  Sudipta Dasgupta  Josodhir Das 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2009

Stresses building up during an earthquake preparation phase also manifest themselves in the form of a so called increased land surface temperature (LST) leading to a thermal precursor prior to the earthquake event. This phenomenon has now been validated by our observations of short-term thermal anomalies detected by infrared satellite sensors for several recent past earthquakes around the world. The rise in infrared radiance temperature was seen to vary between 5 and 12 °C for different earthquakes. We discuss in this paper different explanations for the generation of such anomalies that have been offered. Emission of gases due to the opening and closure of micropores upon induced stresses and also the participation of ground water have been propounded as a possible cause for generation of thermal anomalies. Seismo-ionosphere coupling, by which gases like radon move to the earth–atmosphere interface and cause air ionization thus bringing about a change in air temperature, relative humidity, etc., has been put forth by some workers. A mechanism of low frequency electromagnetic emission was tested and experimented by scientists with rock masses in stressed conditions as those that exist at tectonic locations. The workers proposed the positive hole pair theory, which received support from several scientific groups. Positive holes (sites of electron deficiency) are activated in stressed rocks from pre-existing yet dormant positive hole pairs (PHPs) and their recombination at rock–air interface leads to a LST rise. A combination of remote sensing detection of rock mechanics behavior with a perception of chemistry and geophysics has been applied to propose the remote sensing rock mechanics theory. Remote sensing detections of such anomalies confirm so far proposed lab theories for such a hotly debated field as earthquake precursor study by providing unbiased observations with consistency in time and space distribution.  相似文献   

Mid-to-Far Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution of Galaxies in the Spitzer First Look Survey Field     

Xiao-Qing Wen    Hong Wu  Chen Cao  Xiao-Yang Xia  Department of Physics  Tianjin Normal University  Tianjin National Astronomical Observatories  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing   《中国天文和天体物理学报》2007,7(2):187-198

We made model fitting to the mid-to-far infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for different categories of galaxies in the main extragalactic field of the Spitzer First Look Survey with the aid of spectroscopic information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that the mid-to-far infrared SEDs of HII galaxies, mixture type galaxies and LINERs can be well fitted by the one-parameter (α) dust model of Dale et al. plus the 13 Gyr dust-free elliptical galaxy model. The statistics of α values indicates that all these galaxies tend to be quiescent, although the HII galaxies are relatively more active than the LINERs. The mid- infrared SEDs of absorption galaxies are well fitted simply by the 13 Gyr dust-free elliptical galaxy template, and the near-to-mid infrared SEDs of QSOs can be represented by AGN NGC 5506.  相似文献   

Spatially resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy of IC 5063     

S. Young †  C. Packham  R. E. Mason  J. T. Radomski  C. M. Telesco 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,378(3):888-892

We present spatially resolved 10-μm spectra of the nucleus of IC 5063 that are near-diffraction-limited. The observations were obtained with T-ReCS, the mid-infrared (mid-IR) imager and spectrometer on the 8.1-m Gemini South telescope, with the slit aligned at a position angle on the sky along the direction of the cone of narrow-line emission. The spectra cover the nucleus and the inner reaches of the ionization cones at a spatial resolution of approximately 0.4 arcsec (90 pc). Individual spectra, extracted in steps in the spatial direction along the slit, reveal variations in continuum slope and silicate feature profile and depth on subarcsecond scales, illustrating in unprecedented detail the complexity of the circumnuclear regions of this galaxy at mid-IR wavelengths. The dust population in the vicinity of the narrow-line region, north-west of the nuclear position, is significantly warmer than that to the south-east of the nucleus. This is consistent with an observation of the cooler dust associated with the outer reaches of the postulated torus that obscures the type 1 nucleus in this object.  相似文献