城市雨水管理信息系统的基本架构     

曾兵  谭海樵  王延霞  李洁 《水文》2007,27(6):39-41

城市化进程对区域可持续发展，特别是对城市的雨水管理提出了一系列新的挑战。为应对这一挑战，就必须立足于自然水文循环的维系，因地制宜地对城市雨水实施信息化、智能化管理。在分析涉及城市雨水管理的必要性、可行性的基础上，本文提出了城市雨水管理系统的基本框架。这一以城市雨水为管理对象的信息系统首先要具备的功能是与城市自然条件相关的信息输出和管理，如地形、地貌、植被、土壤等基础数据的数字化、信息化，进而要考虑与雨水管理直接相关的参数输出和管理，如城市的水文区位、土地利用现状、平均降雨量、最大降雨历时、最小无降雨历时等。空间分析模块是该信息系统的核心．城市雨水管理模式的选择和布局都是建立在对上述各种相关数据实施空间分析的基础之上的。不同雨水管理模式和设施的实际应用效果可借助本系统进行模拟并实现可视化。  相似文献   

广州地区1994年6月洪涝期间降水的物理化学特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

吴兑  邓雪娇  黄浩辉 《大气科学》1998,22(2):228-234

受9403号强热带风暴登陆和锋面暴雨的影响,致使珠江下游出现百年一遇特大洪涝灾害,本文在此期间分析了在从化气象站密集观测的雨水成分与雨滴谱资料,结果表明:（1）雨滴谱型以多峰谱为主,极少出现无峰谱;（2） 雨水的pH值均比较低;（3）在雨水离子中以SO2-4和NH+4的浓度最高,雨水中被富集的主要是NO-3;（4）气溶胶水溶性离子成分中,SO2-4和Ca2+的浓度最高。  相似文献   

Aluminium solubility in rainwater and molten snow     

R. Losno  J. L. Colin  N. Le Bris  G. Bergametti  T. Jickells  B. Lim 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1993,17(1):29-43

Large variations of aluminium solubilities are found in marine and rural precipitations. The results of seven field experiments are used to produce a model of the solubilization of aluminium independent of the sampling site. Large variations of solubility appear, and the pH seems to be a major factor explaining this solubility changes. Thermodynamic calculations at T=278K suggest that, at higher pHs (>5), equilibrium with gibbsite (Al(OH)₃) or a trivalent alkaline insoluble form acts as a limiting of aluminium solubility and at lower pHs (<5), Al could be in equilibrium with a hydroxysulfate salt Al(OH)_1.5(SO₄)_0.75.Paper submitted to the 7th International Symposium of the Commission for Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution on the Chemistry of the Global Atmosphere held in Chamrousse, France, from 5 to 11 September 1990.  相似文献   

RAINWATER UTILIZATION IN SEMI-ARID HILLY REGION OF NORTH CHINA-A CASE STUDY FROM YUANSHI COUNTY OF HEBEI PROVINCE     

Mou Haisheng 《地理学报(英文版)》1995,(4)

I.GeneraIInf0rmati0n0fYuanslhCouutyYuanslhCountylssltuatedatthel0ngitude0fll4"ll'toll4"39'Eandlatitudeof37"4l'to37"56'N.GeomorPhologically,hilIsandvalleyspredon1inatethewesthillyropon,whileintheeast,flatp1ainfallsintoti1ecatopryofalluvialplainofTanhangMou…  相似文献   

贵阳市大气降水中的重金属特征   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

胡健  张国平  刘丛强 《矿物学报》2005,25(3):257-262

采集了贵阳市2003年9月—2004年10月的72场降雨样品，用ICP-MS测定了雨水溶解态的Pb、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Al、Sr等重金属离子，阐述了贵阳市降雨的重金属含量特征，并分析了重金属的来源及变化规律。结果表明，贵阳市雨水重金属含量高，Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn均高于地表水，雨水的重金属含量受人为因素影响明显，燃煤及汽车尾气是雨水重金属的主要来源，为评价贵阳市大气中的重金属污染提供了有力的证据。  相似文献   

A Long Term Study on Chemical Composition of Rainwater at Dayalbagh, a Suburban Site of Semiarid Region     

Ranjit Kumar  Abha Rani  S. P. Singh  K. Maharaj Kumari  S. S. Srivastava 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,41(3):265-279

Rainwater samples were collected for the monsoon period of 1988 and 1991–1996 at Dayalbagh (Agra), a suburban site situated in semiaridregion. The mean pH was 7.01 ±1.03 well above 5.6, which is the reference pH. Concentration of Ca²⁺ was observed to be highest followed by Mg²⁺, NH₄ ⁺,SO₄ ^2–, Cl^–,NO₃ ^–, Na⁺, F^– and K⁺. The ratios of SO₄ ^2– + NO₃ ^– andCa²⁺ + Mg²⁺ (TA/TC) have been considered as indicatorfor acidity. In the Agra region ratio of TA/TC is quite below 1.0 indicating alkaline nature of rainwater. The lowest value of 0.24 was observed in 1991 likely due to the lowest rain depth of the decade. The highest value of 0.54 was observed in 1996, a year with a large rain depth and increase in line (vehicular traffic) and area sources (population growth). Good correlation between Ca²⁺ and NO₃ ^–,Ca²⁺ and SO₄ ^2– andSO₄ ^2– and NO₃ ^–,indicates that wind carried dust and soil play a significant role in neutralization of precipitation acidity.  相似文献   

集水农业——河南省旱地农业持续发展的战略选择   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁圣彦 《地域研究与开发》1997,(Z1)

介绍了旱地农业、集水、集水农业的基本概念和内容，分析了河南省历史上发生的旱灾及导致旱灾的主要因素，阐述了发展集水农业的必要性和可行性，并通过实例分析说明了集水农业在该省的发展前景，提出旱地农业可持续发展的最佳战略选择是集水农业。  相似文献   

Fog and rainwater composition in rural SE Australia     

David Post  Howard A. Bridgman  G. P. Ayers 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1991,13(1):83-95

In order to determine if pollutants from the Wollongong-Sydney-Newcastle industrial area in southeastern Australia can be transported northwards, affecting precipitation quality to the north, a preliminary study of fog and rainwater quality was carried out from January to April 1989. Samples were collected from two sites in the state of New South Wales, one in the Barrington Tops and the other near Dorrigo. These samples were analyzed for the cations sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and ammonium, and the anions chloride, nitrate, sulfate, methanesulfonate, formate and acetate, as well as pH and conductivity.The mean pH of fogwater from the two sites was 5.48, compared to 5.62 for rainwater. Fogwater also had concentrations of ions 2–6 times those in rainwater. For both fog and rain the ions sodium, chloride, magnesium, and methanesulfonate at both sites were essentially entirely sea-salt derived, while only 5–50% of potassium, calcium, and sulfate were derived from sea-salt. The acid-base balance was adequately described (r=0.76) by a balance between the acidity contributed by sulfuric and nitric acids, neutralized by the alkalinity of ammonia and (soil dust-derived) calcium carbonate. Comparing this study with others, both within Australia and overseas, fog and rainwater at both sites are not polluted, with acidity only slightly greater than background and concentrations of anthropogenic pollutants very low, and with sea-salt influences accounting for the majority of ionic loading.  相似文献   

海绵城市建设地下水补给计算研究进展     

康宏志  陈亮  郭祺忠  练继建  侯杰 《地学前缘》2019,26(6):58-65

海绵城市建设通过改变流域下垫面条件来蓄滞雨洪,在减少城市雨水地表径流量、缓解城市内涝、补给地下水方面发挥了重要作用。在此过程中,增加流域雨水下渗量、利用雨水回补地下水是海绵城市建设的重要手段,也是雨水资源利用和缓解城市水资源短缺的重要举措。针对当前海绵城市建设中地下水回补量化的难题,本文对国内外适用于海绵城市建设中地下水补给量的计算方法进行了概述,分别介绍了各方法的基本原理、优缺点及适用情况,旨在为我国海绵城市建设地下水补给的效果评估提供参考。  相似文献   

Rainwater Chemistry Within the Vicinity of Qua Iboe Estuary,Nigeria          下载免费PDF全文

Anyanime O. Akpan  Essien D. Udosen  Nnanake‐Abasi O. Offiong 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(3)

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