栓皮栎叶芽休眠解除过程的模拟^*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

江泽平 《地理研究》1994,13(1):43-50

树木的休眠及其解除是一个在理论和实践中都十分重要又悬而未决的问题。本文利用全国范围内获得的观测资料,对栓皮栎这个重要用材树种的叶芽休眠之解除过程进行了模拟。其出发点是:林木存在绝对低温需要,在此需要得到满足后,进一步的低温和驱温的协同作用使林木的生长能力逐步恢复直到休眠解除。研究表明:接近林木基点的温度对低温积累是最有效的,休眠后期的不稳定高温会部分抵消前期低温的影响。栓皮栎对低温的绝对需要量为5个低温单位,休眠完全解除共需34个低温单位和194个驱温单位。在整个分布区内,栓皮栎的休眠解除被划分成四个基本类型,即北方型、中部型、华南型及西南型。并对树木的休眠解除现象进行了深入的讨论。  相似文献   

含水矿物在真空下的释Ar机制:Ar-Ar热年代学面临的新问题   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马芳  穆治国 《地学前缘》2002,9(2):505-510

地质体的实际情况、激光显微探针束研究、XRD和SEM观测以及真空加热下Ar的释放特征都表明体积扩散不是含水矿物在真空加热中释放Ar的唯一机制。在低温下 ,Ar的释放主要受由缺陷引起的短程扩散和体积扩散共同作用的多途径扩散机制制约 ;而在高温下 ,由于含水矿物在真空中不够稳定 ,Ar的释放受到脱羟基、脱氢、氧化反应、分层作用等造成的晶体结构改变的强烈影响。含水矿物在高温下的氧化分解会导致矿物中原始Ar浓度梯度的均一化 ,因而无法得到真实的Ar分布剖面 ,也无法据此计算矿物的封闭温度 ,并进而可能影响到ArAr年龄坪的地质意义。  相似文献   

应力释放模型的改进及其在研究台湾地区地震预测问题中的应用.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱守彪  石耀霖 《地震学报》2002,24(2):162-168

应力释放模型过去主要用于研究大范围历史大地震活动规律．本文对应力释放模型进行了改进，对其能否运用于区域更小、时段更短、震级更低的情况进行了探讨；以台湾地区近百年6级以上地震为例的研究结果表明，应力释放模型仍然适用．在回溯性的地震预测检验中，用改进的应力释放模型计算出台湾地区地震发生的条件概率强度，并用其预测6级以上地震的发震时刻．结果表明，其预测精度优于泊松模型．   相似文献   

用应变积累释放模型研究中国大陆地块分区地震活动   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

马宏生  刘杰  张国民  李丽 《地震学报》2002,24(6):569-578

依据活动地块假说及活动边界的划分，对中国大陆地震活动进行分区．在此基础上，应用应变积累释放模型，通过地震应变积累释放的计算，研究了中国大陆各活动地块分区的地震活动性，初步探讨了各地块的地震活动阶段划分．此外，还对应变积累释放模型的应用前提条件进行了必要的讨论，并对模型结果中可能出现的问题给予一定分析．   相似文献   

Strain segmentation and lateral membrane deformation rate of the subducted Ryukyu slab     

LingYun  Chiao 《Island Arc》1993,2(2):94-103

Abstract Focal mechanisms of intermediate-depth earthquakes within the subducted Ryukyu slab indicate a systematic pattern of down-dip extension in the northern part under Kyushu. These mechanisms switch rapidly around the Tokara channel to down-dip compression in the southern part toward Taiwan. This intriguing pattern of strain segmentation, together with the differences between the slab geometry of the northern and southern parts, has raised the question of whether stress segmentation, as defined possibly by a tear fault, might exist in the slab. However the Ryukyu trench has a concave oceanward shape in the northern segment while it is convex in the southern oceanward part toward Taiwan. The inflection zone is located around the Tokara channel. The concept of Gaussian curvature of a curved surface suggests that the along-arc variation of the geometric configuration of a subducted slab is related to the shape of the trench. This is in order to accommodate the lateral membrane deformation of the slab as the oceanic lithosphere subducts from a spherical shell to the geometry delineated by the Wadati-Benioff zone. The membrane deformation regime of the subducted Ryukyu slab and its relation with the trench geometry was examined by assuming that the subduction be modelled by the flow field of a thin viscous sheet. A projection operator was utilized to compute the membrane strain-rate tensor of an arbitrary non-Euclidean surface. Numerical experiments indicated that the northern segment of the slab was dominated by lateral compression and down-dip extension and the southern part by lateral extension and down-dip compression. This transition is sharply located near the Tokara channel. These patterns were compatible with what had been observed from studies of focal mechanisms, suggesting that the strain segmentation might be controlled, at least in part, by the lateral membrane deformation within the slab due to the trench shape in this subduction zone. The slab geometry was predicted by minimizing the integrated total dissipation power; this revealed distinct features that were consistent with observations. This implies that the slab geometry may also be affected by the membrane deformation in a systematic fashion.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variations of Fennoscandian seismicity     

Efthimios Skordas  Ota Kulhánek 《Geophysical Journal International》1992,111(3):577-588

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陕西地区地震活动性的初步分析     

许俊奇 《内陆地震》1993,7(3):240-244

依据震中迁移、频度变化曲线、能量释放曲线、震级频度关系和时间序列的预测方法等,对陕西地区的地震活动性进行了初步分析,认为:陕西地区M_L>3.5级的地震活动存在着明显的由北向南、自东向西的迁移特点,其地震活动水平比较正常,今后5年内可能发生M_L≥4.3级地震。  相似文献   

Biological and physical events involved in the origin,effects, and control of organic matter in solar saltworks     

Joseph S. Davis  Mario Giordano 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(4):335-347

Aspects of communities and events in the concentrating ponds (S.G. 1.130 to 1.214) and salt crystallizing ponds (S.G. 1.215 to 1.264) of solar saltworks pertinent to salt manufacture are described. Communities that aid salt manufacture enable continuous and efficient production of high quality salt at a saltworks' design capacity, and they provide important controls on levels of organic matter in the brine. Fluctuating salinities, high concentrations of nutrients, and petroleum products are disturbances that causeAphanothece halophytica andDunaliella salina to release excessive quantities of organic matter, and that suppress or cause death to nutrient stripping organisms. Disturbances result in decreased quality and quantity of salt and increased costs for salt harvest, washing, and pond upkeep. Organic matter can be controlled by management techniques that keep nutrient stripping communities at proper levels and maintain a narrow and unchanging range of salinities in each pond, by constructing pond dikes able to withstand wind and water erosion, and by preventing spills of petroleum products in the ponds.  相似文献   

高地温对隧道岩爆发生的影响性研究     

严健  何川  汪波  蒙伟 《岩土力学》2019,40(4):1543-1550

新建拉林铁路桑珠岭隧道高地应力、高地温隧道开挖过程中岩爆灾害突出。考虑开挖卸荷与温降共同耦合作用,对隧道开挖过程中不同温度时洞周应力释放过程进行数值模拟,同时对隧道开挖后的二次应力进行现场实测,就高地温对隧道洞周应力的影响进行了比较分析,最后就不同岩爆判据下高地温对岩爆发生的影响性进行了讨论。研究结果表明,采用应力释放率和温降指标反映开挖卸荷与温降共同耦合作用能合理描述高地应力高地温段开挖过程中的应力特征和岩爆发生规律。当温降超过55 ℃,应力释放率大于40%以后, 及 量值随应力释放率增大而线性增长,当应力释放率达到100%时达到最大,不同位置洞周应力拱脚处增长最快,拱顶次之,其他位置较低。在开挖中受高地温影响岩爆发生时间提前,岩爆发生等级亦不断增加。  相似文献   

咸淡水驱替过程中含水介质渗透性变化的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黄翠  郑西来  栾熙明  李永霞 《水文地质工程地质》2009,36(6):21-25

在野外水文地质调查的基础上,采集青岛市大沽河下游咸水入侵区砂样,首先对含水介质的粒度和矿物组成进行了分析,然后通过室内砂槽模拟试验,对咸淡水驱替过程中含水介质的渗透性变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,当咸淡水相互驱替时,含水介质的渗透性会发生显著变化,这种变化主要是由于驱替液盐浓度的变化,使得伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石等非膨胀性粘土矿物经释放、迁移、絮凝和沉积,从而重新分布所引起的。含水介质渗透性的变化具有明显的非均质性,即位于距入水处不同水平距离以及不同高度处的含水介质,其渗透性变化规律有所不同。  相似文献