Optimum Design of Structure Shape for Offshore Jacket Platforms   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

FENG Sheng 《中国海洋工程》2000,14(4):435-445

With the introduction of the design variables of nodal coordinates,which reflect the em-bedded depth of the pile and the jacket bed height,a shape optimum design model for offshore jacket plat-forms is established.A sequential two-level optimum algorithm is developed based on the design variablegradation.On the basis of the finite element method,the sensitivity of the objective function and nodal dis-placement is analyzed.As an example,the BZ281 oil storage offshore platform,which lies in the Bohai oilfield,is designed with the shape optimum model.The results are compared with the cross-section optimumdesign.The tendency of design variables and its reasons in the two methods are analyzed.In the shapeoptimum design,the value of objective function is obviously smaller than that of the initial design and thecross-section optimum design.Therefore,the advantage of structure shape optimum design for jacket plat-forms is remarkable.  相似文献   

基于GIS的东川区生态环境敏感性分析     

杨艺苑  杨存建 《测绘通报》2022,(3):7-12

利用地理信息系统技术与层次分析法对东川区生态环境进行敏感性分析,本文共选取5个评价指标,首先对其进行单因子评价;然后基于GIS空间分析功能,将东川区综合生态敏感性分为5个等级;最后构建东川区综合生态环境敏感性分布图。研究结果显示:①5个生态评价因子中,坡度因子对东川区生态环境敏感性影响最大,权重值为0.36。根据对生态敏感性影响程度从大到小排序为:坡度、高程、土地利用、NDVI和水域缓冲区。②东川区生态环境敏感性总体偏高,极高敏感区与高敏感区共占区域总面积的44.17%;中敏感区占比最高,为26.1%;低敏感区和极低敏感区两者占比之和为29.73%。③东川区生态环境极高敏感区和高敏感区主要分布在西北部;极低敏感区和低敏感区主要分布在东北部及中部河谷地区。  相似文献   

大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及其特性分析     

雷宁  郝贵杰  黄爱霞  王雨辰  林锋  沈小明  朱俊杰 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(5):1180-1188

大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)是我国重要的淡水养殖经济鱼类品种,目前包括细菌性疾病在内的诸多因素影响了其养殖业的健康发展。维氏气单胞菌是引起淡水鱼败血症和溃疡综合征的重要病原菌。从患病大口黑鲈肝脏组织中分离到1株病原菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化特性分析、16S rRNA序列和特定毒力基因分析对其进行鉴定,并通过人工回归感染试验和药敏试验分析其致病性和耐药性。结果表明该菌为致病性维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii),含有aer、act、lip、fla、gcaT和OMPA I等毒力基因;药敏试验显示其对头孢曲松、氯霉素、氟苯尼考、强力霉素、四环素、多粘菌素、复方新诺明、左氟沙星等8种抗生素高度敏感,对新霉素、恩诺沙星、庆大霉素、链霉素、阿齐霉素、环丙沙星等6种抗生素中度敏感,对其他8种抗生素具有一定耐药性;人工回归感染实验表明该菌具有较高的致病性,对大口黑鲈的半致死浓度为1.4×10⁶ CFU/mL。维氏气单胞菌是水产养殖中的条件性致病菌,研究结果揭示了该菌株的部分生物学特性,有利于丰富维氏气单胞菌属的基础数据,同时也为鲈鱼养殖过程中的病害防控提供了一定的参考依据。  相似文献   

人工神经网络和决策树模型在滑坡易发性分析中的性能对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田乃满  兰恒星  伍宇明  李郎平 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(12):2304-2316

机器学习模型广泛应用于区域性滑坡易发性分析。模型的选择关系到评价结果的可信度、准确率和稳定性。现有滑坡易发性分析模型对比研究侧重模型的预测精度。模型的稳定性和数据量敏感性对机器学习模型的性能评估同样非常重要。本文以福建省南平市蔡源流域为研究区,以四川省绵阳市北川县为验证区,从预测精度、稳定性和数据量敏感性3个方面深入对比BP（Back Propagation）人工神经网络模型和CART（Classification and Regression Tree）决策树模型在滑坡易发性分析中的效果,主要结论如下:① 在逐渐增加一定数量训练样本的过程中,BP人工神经网络模型预测精度的增长率更高。在蔡源流域内,当训练样本数量增加10 000时,BP人工神经网络模型的预测精度上升5.22%,CART决策树模型的预测精度上升2.11%。② BP人工神经网络的预测精度高于CART决策树模型,且较为稳定。在100组数据集上,BP人工神经网络模型验证集预测精度的均值和验证集滑坡样本预测精度的均值分别为81.60%和84.86%,高于CART决策树模型的72.97%和76.59%。与此同时,BP人工神经网络模型对应预测精度的标准差分别是0.32%和0.37%,小于CART决策树模型的0.35%和0.67%。③ BP人工神经网络模型分析的滑坡易发区相比CART决策树模型,更接近实际滑坡的空间分布。最后,北川县的验证实验也出现了相同的现象。  相似文献   

Sensitivity of penman-monteith reference crop evapotranspiration in Tao’er River Basin of northeastern China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Liqiao Liang  Lijuan Li  Li Zhang  Jiuyi Li  Bin Li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(4):340-347

A non-dimensional relative sensitivity coefficient was employed to predict the responses of reference crop evapotranspiration （ET0） to perturbation of four climate variables in Tao＇er River Basin of the northeastern China. Mean monthly ET0 and yearly ET0 from 1961 to 2005 were estimated with the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith Equation. A 45-year historical dataset of average monthly maximum/minimum air temperature, mean air temperature, wind speed, sunshine hours and relative humidity from 15 meteorological stations was used in the analysis. Results show that： 1） Sensitivity coefficients of wind speed, air temperature and sunshine hours were positive except for those of air temperature of Arxan Meteorological Station, while those of relative humidity were all negative. Relative humidity was the most sensitive variable in general for the Tao＇er River Basin, followed by sunshine hours, wind speed and air temperature. 2） Similar to climate variable, monthly sensitivity coefficients exhibit large annual fluctuations. 3） Sensitivity coefficients for four climate variables all showed significant trends in seasonal/yearly series. Also, sensitivity coefficients of air temperature, sunshine hours and wind speed all showed significant trends in spring. 4） Among all sensitivity coefficients, the average yearly sensitivity coefficient of relative humidity was highest throughout the basin and showed largest spatial variability. Longitudinal distribution of sensitivity coefficients for air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours was also found, which was similar to the distribution of the three climate variables.  相似文献   

海气通量算法在海上蒸发波导诊断中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李云波  张永刚  唐海川  王华  焦林 《海洋技术学报》2008,27(1):106-110

利用TOGA COARE Bulk Air-Sea Flux Algorithm3.0,建立了基于通量算法的蒸发波导模型(Flux Evaporation duct Model),并进行了环境敏感性分析,而且与Paulus-Jeske模型对比,进行误差敏感性分析,并开展了雷达探测评估的海上试验,较全面的阐述了基于通量算法的蒸发波导模型的性能。  相似文献   

Simulating daily soil water under foothills fescue grazing with the soil and water assessment tool model (Alberta,Canada)     

Emmanuel Mapfumo  David S. Chanasyk  Walter D. Willms 《水文研究》2004,18(15):2787-2800

Grazing is common in the foothills fescue grasslands and may influence the seasonal soil‐water patterns, which in turn determine range productivity. Hydrological modelling using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) is becoming widely adopted throughout North America especially for simulation of stream flow and runoff in small and large basins. Although applications of the SWAT model have been wide, little attention has been paid to the model's ability to simulate soil‐water patterns in small watersheds. Thus a daily profile of soil water was simulated with SWAT using data collected from the Stavely Range Sub‐station in the foothills of south‐western Alberta, Canada. Three small watersheds were established using a combination of natural and artificial barriers in 1996–97. The watersheds were subjected to no grazing (control), heavy grazing (2·4 animal unit months (AUM) per hectare) or very heavy grazing (4·8 AUM ha^?1). Soil‐water measurements were conducted at four slope positions within each watershed (upper, middle, lower and 5 m close to the collector drain), every 2 weeks annually from 1998 to 2000 using a downhole CPN 503 neutron moisture meter. Calibration of the model was conducted using 1998 soil‐water data and resulted in Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (EF or R²) and regression coefficient of determination (r²) values of 0·77 and 0·85, respectively. Model graphical and statistical evaluation was conducted using the soil‐water data collected in 1999 and 2000. During the evaluation period, soil water was simulated reasonably with an overall EF of 0·70, r² of 0·72 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 18·01. The model had a general tendency to overpredict soil water under relatively dry soil conditions, but to underpredict soil water under wet conditions. Sensitivity analysis indicated that absolute relative sensitivity indices of input parameters in soil‐water simulation were in the following order; available water capacity > bulk density > runoff curve number > fraction of field capacity (FFCB) > saturated hydraulic conductivity. Thus these data were critical inputs to ensure reasonable simulation of soil‐water patterns. Overall, the model performed satisfactorily in simulating soil‐water patterns in all three watersheds with a daily time‐step and indicates a great potential for monitoring soil‐water resources in small watersheds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

不同粘土矿物水敏性特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

韩志勇  郑西来  陈继红 《水文地质工程地质》2008,35(1):80-82

通过改变砂样中的粘土矿物的种类和含量,结合咸淡水之间的单一和驱替实验,研究不同粘土矿物的水敏性特征。在单一的咸水和淡水情况下,当砂柱中的粘粒含量≤1.5%(重量比)时,其渗透系数基本不发生改变,即使粘粒含量从1.5%增加10%,其渗透系数也仅下降约一个数量级。各种粘土矿物中,蒙脱石导致含水介质渗透系数的下降最为明显,高岭土和伊利石约是其影响值的一半。咸淡水驱替实验中,加入蒙脱石颗粒的砂柱的渗透系数急剧下降,当蒙脱石含量达3~4%时,渗透系数已经下降的极低,可以看作不透水层,而加入高岭土和伊利石的砂柱的渗透系数没有急剧变化。对于这种现象的解释是:不同类型的粘土颗粒吸附不同数量的水分子,形成数量和大小不同的胶体团,使得介质渗透系数的变化量不同。  相似文献   

北方泥炭沼泽中酚类物质释放的热敏感性研究:以英国威尔士地区雨养和矿养泥炭沼泽为例     

向武  Chris Freeman 《地球化学》2008,37(2):157-164

利用高精度多梯度热培养系统,对英国威尔士地区两类典型的北方泥炭沼泽中酚类物质和溶解有机碳释放的热敏感性进行了为期1年的调查研究.研究结果表明,雨养泥炭沼泽(Bog)酚类物质释放的热敏感性Q10(总酚)月变化为0.92～1.57,而矿养泥炭沼泽(Fen)的月变化范围为0.93～1.30.酚类释放的热敏感性与土壤温度大致呈正相关关系.此外,土壤温度与溶解有机碳释放的热敏感性Q10(DOC)也呈正相关关系.总体上,雨养泥炭沼泽的热敏感性比矿养泥炭沼泽略高.除温度外,水文条件和植被等多种环境因子对酚类物质和溶解有机碳释放的热敏感性也有较大影响.研究结果还表明酚碳热敏感性比值Q10o(总酚)/Q10(DOC)相对稳定,土壤温度的变化对其影响有限.  相似文献   

一次局地大暴雨的地面观测资料同化预报试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

盛春岩  荣艳敏  刘诗军  范苏丹  肖明静 《山东气象》2018,38(4):71-80

基于WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式及其3DVAR（3-Dimentional Variational）资料同化系统,采用36 km、12 km 、4 km三层嵌套网格进行逐3 h资料同化和快速更新循环预报,对2011年5月8日鲁中一次局地大暴雨过程进行了资料同化敏感性试验。试验结果表明,地面观测资料同化和快速更新循环对本次降水的预报起到了关键性作用。在快速更新循环预报时不同化地面观测资料,或同化全部观测资料进行冷启动预报,模式均不能预报出山东的降水。同化地面观测资料后,显著改进了模式降水落区预报。地面观测资料同化可以影响到700 hPa高度以上温压湿风要素的变化,从而改变了大气初始场的温湿结构,导致模式预报的700 hPa附近高空大气湿度和热力不稳定增强,700 hPa以下低层风场更强,850 hPa鲁中以南风速较无观测资料同化的偏强2～4 m·s-1,低层风场的动力作用触发高空的不稳定大气,降水出现在山东。  相似文献