山东省露采矿山地质环境保护与治理工作综述     

亓协全  陈刚  尹秀贞 《化工矿产地质》2008,30(1):45-49

矿山开采,尤其是露天矿山开采,在资源开发的同时,也带来了植被和地貌景观破坏、边坡失稳,占用、破坏土地资源,加速生态环境恶化等一系列地质环境问题。对此,山东省贯彻矿产资源开发与保护并重,推行循环经济的技术原则,采取了危岩卸载、弃土回填、植被重建、养护管理等治理措施;并根据矿山所处区位条件、地形、需求等不同条件,因地制宜地进行了矿山地质环境治理。山东省在矿山环境保护与治理工作中取得明显成效。  相似文献   

3D subsidence analyses above gas reservoirs accounting for an unconventional plasticity model     

Valentina A. Salomoni  Riccardo Fincato 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(8):959-976

The coupled hydro‐mechanical state in soils coming from consolidation/subsidence processes and undergoing plasticity phenomena is here evaluated by means of the subloading surface model. The most important feature of this theory is the abolition of the distinction between the elastic and plastic domains, as it happens in the conventional elastoplastic models. This means that plastic deformations are generated whenever there is a change in stress and a smoother elastoplastic transition is produced. The plasticity algorithm has been implemented in the PLASCON3D FE code, coupling hydro‐thermo‐mechanical fields within a saturated (locally partially saturated) porous medium subjected to external loads and water/gas withdrawals from deep layers (aquifers/reservoirs). The 3D model has been first calibrated and validated against examples taken from the literature, and then subsidence analyses at regional scales due to gas extractions have been developed to predict the evolution of settlements and pore pressure in soils for long‐term scenarios. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effects of Grassland Conversion From Cropland on Soil Respiration on the Semi‐Arid Loess Plateau,China          下载免费PDF全文

Dong Wang  Yu Liu  Zhan‐Huan Shang  Fu‐Ping Tian  Gao‐Lin Wu  Xiao‐Feng Chang  David Warrington 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(7):1052-1057

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Effects of Corn Cob Produced Biochars on Urea Recovery from Human Urine and Their Application as Soil Conditioners          下载免费PDF全文

Yang Zhang  Zifu Li  Ibrahim Babatunde Mahmood 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(8):1167-1173

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同期采灌储能模式浅层咸水介质渗透性演化过程研究     

马玖辰  武春彬  刘雪玲  张志刚 《岩土力学》2015,36(7):1883-1891

针对地下浅层储能咸水介质复杂的水文地质条件与矿物构成的特殊性,开展可控三维物理模拟试验,基于表面化学与胶体稳定性理论,从介观尺度分析回灌溶液宏观参数变化与含水介质中微纳米颗粒重新分布过程的内在关联;探索复杂时空条件下咸水层孔隙结构变化规律;确定不同储能模式下低渗透帷幕带的形成区域。研究结果表明,回灌溶液温度、盐度变化是打破颗粒间受力平衡,造成含水介质渗透性能下降的诱导机制。在抽-注井固定与调换模式下,经历完整储能周期,含水层整体相对渗透率k/k0分别下降至63%、57%,表明由微纳米颗粒物质重组,导致含水介质空间结构变化具有不可逆性。两组储能试验中,由于形成机制不同,低渗透帷幕带分别形成于700～900 mm与500～700 mm的渗流单元。  相似文献   

煤层下部地层地震成像研究     

张宪旭  杨光明  蔡文芮  孙永亮  智敏 《煤田地质与勘探》2015,43(2):83-85

以内蒙地区某煤田三维地震资料为例,对煤层下部地震成像效果不佳的原因进行分析。在资料处理环节,对影响煤层下部成像效果的面波和多次波,根据空间和频率等特性进行压制和衰减;在地表激发条件差、震源能量衰减迅速、煤层对下部反射有强烈屏蔽作用的情况下,对弱信号进行针对性的补偿和保护。实际资料处理,得到了较满意的成像效果。   相似文献   

Are feldspar SAR protocols appropriate for post-IR IRSL dating?     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2014

Recently proposed post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (post-IR IRSL or pIR) dating protocols have largely overcome problems associated with anomalous fading and have become increasingly important for age determination of Quaternary sediments. Here, we investigate the suitability of the proposed post-IR IRSL protocols for accurate equivalent-dose estimation on K-feldspar extracts. Our research focuses on potential sensitivity changes between the natural signal and the first test dose signal in single-aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) procedures that are not detected and thus not corrected using test-dose responses.For these investigations, we employed the Single Aliquot Regeneration and Added dose (SARA) procedure, which combines equivalent-dose estimation with a dose recovery test. Results indicated that high-temperature preheats (>260 °C for 60 s) may induce a trapping sensitivity change in IRSL signals measured at low temperature (<100 °C). As this sensitivity change cannot be detected through test dose responses in the SAR protocol, it may result in an invalid equivalent-dose estimation. However, trapping sensitivity changes were not observed after low temperature preheats (<260 °C for 60 s), nor in pIR signals measured at elevated temperature (>100 °C) after a high temperature preheat. Our results indicate that the SAR protocol is appropriate for equivalent-dose determination using elevated-temperature pIR signals (e.g. pIR at 290 °C or multiple elevated temperature pIR at 250 °C). The SAR protocol may also be appropriate for equivalent-dose determination using low temperature pIR signals, provided that the combination of preheat and measurement temperature is carefully chosen to avoid the unwanted effects of sensitivity change during the first preheat.  相似文献   

基于时频稀疏性分析法的低信噪比微震事件识别与恢复   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王鹏  常旭  王一博  王璐琛  翟鸿宇 《地球物理学报》2014,57(8):2656-2665

微震监测是直观评价压裂过程和压裂效果的有效手段.微震事件识别是微震监测的首要步骤.然而对于低信噪比微震监测数据,常规识别方法很难取得满意效果.基于微震事件在时频域中的稀疏性,本文提出利用Renyi熵值表示微震监测数据的时频稀疏程度,并以时频距离为约束条件,建立以低熵值的道数为判别阈值的目标函数.本文方法能在识别出微震事件的同时,恢复出较为清晰的微震事件.通过数值计算和对实际监测数据的测试,表明该方法对低信噪比的微震监测数据有较好的处理效果.  相似文献   

人为地质作用刍议   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

刘家仁 《贵州地质》2004,21(3):171-177

本文阐述了人为地质作用的概念及研究人为地质作用的意义、方法和任务,并就开展人为地质作用研究工作提出建议。以因果关系划分,人为地质作用可分为人力地质作用、人力诱发地质作用和人力诱导地质作用三类。人为地质作用具有作用速度快、强度大、范围广、效果明显、分布与人类活动场所相关、具有正负两方面效应、可人为重复、可控制等特点。研究人为地质作用是人类可持续发展的需要,是现代地质学发展的需要,是破除迷信、树立科学发展观的需要。研究人为地质作用在防灾、减灾、除灾,维护人类生存环境,利用地质作用规律借助大自然的力量造福人类,破除迷信等方面具有重要意义。人为地质作用研究要解决的是现在和将来的问题,大多数情况下不能再用“今天是过去的钥匙”。研究人为地质作用的发生过程、发展规律、作用后果和形成机制,研究人为地质作用的控制技术,研究人为矿床的开发利用技术,是人为地质作用研究的三大任务。本文建议：(1)加强人为地质作用研究力量,从深度和广度两个方面加强对人为地质作用的研究;(2)加强人为地质作用知识的普及。  相似文献   

电化学导流法提高原油采收率试验研究     

易兵  董启山  董瑞春  薛国锋  庄立田  张众 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2004,34(2):267-270

电化学导流提高原油采收率技术,在油田各个开发阶段都可达到增油降水的效果.目前多数主力油层内部剩余油分布零散,注水效果差,新增储量的油层大多数是渗透率低、物性差的薄油层.现场试验证明,应用电动法这一新技术,已初步实现了增加原油渗流速度、提高油水流动的相对渗透率和解除油层堵塞等的效果,工艺上是可行的.且用导线传输直流电场与其它传输方式相比,对井口及地面通电设备的安全性也较好.  相似文献