Effects of Corn Cob Produced Biochars on Urea Recovery from Human Urine and Their Application as Soil Conditioners          下载免费PDF全文

Yang Zhang  Zifu Li  Ibrahim Babatunde Mahmood 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(8):1167-1173

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Effects of Grassland Conversion From Cropland on Soil Respiration on the Semi‐Arid Loess Plateau,China          下载免费PDF全文

Dong Wang  Yu Liu  Zhan‐Huan Shang  Fu‐Ping Tian  Gao‐Lin Wu  Xiao‐Feng Chang  David Warrington 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(7):1052-1057

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同期采灌储能模式浅层咸水介质渗透性演化过程研究     

马玖辰  武春彬  刘雪玲  张志刚 《岩土力学》2015,36(7):1883-1891

针对地下浅层储能咸水介质复杂的水文地质条件与矿物构成的特殊性,开展可控三维物理模拟试验,基于表面化学与胶体稳定性理论,从介观尺度分析回灌溶液宏观参数变化与含水介质中微纳米颗粒重新分布过程的内在关联;探索复杂时空条件下咸水层孔隙结构变化规律;确定不同储能模式下低渗透帷幕带的形成区域。研究结果表明,回灌溶液温度、盐度变化是打破颗粒间受力平衡,造成含水介质渗透性能下降的诱导机制。在抽-注井固定与调换模式下,经历完整储能周期,含水层整体相对渗透率k/k0分别下降至63%、57%,表明由微纳米颗粒物质重组,导致含水介质空间结构变化具有不可逆性。两组储能试验中,由于形成机制不同,低渗透帷幕带分别形成于700～900 mm与500～700 mm的渗流单元。  相似文献   

煤层下部地层地震成像研究     

张宪旭  杨光明  蔡文芮  孙永亮  智敏 《煤田地质与勘探》2015,43(2):83-85

以内蒙地区某煤田三维地震资料为例,对煤层下部地震成像效果不佳的原因进行分析。在资料处理环节,对影响煤层下部成像效果的面波和多次波,根据空间和频率等特性进行压制和衰减;在地表激发条件差、震源能量衰减迅速、煤层对下部反射有强烈屏蔽作用的情况下,对弱信号进行针对性的补偿和保护。实际资料处理,得到了较满意的成像效果。   相似文献   

基于时频稀疏性分析法的低信噪比微震事件识别与恢复   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王鹏  常旭  王一博  王璐琛  翟鸿宇 《地球物理学报》2014,57(8):2656-2665

微震监测是直观评价压裂过程和压裂效果的有效手段.微震事件识别是微震监测的首要步骤.然而对于低信噪比微震监测数据,常规识别方法很难取得满意效果.基于微震事件在时频域中的稀疏性,本文提出利用Renyi熵值表示微震监测数据的时频稀疏程度,并以时频距离为约束条件,建立以低熵值的道数为判别阈值的目标函数.本文方法能在识别出微震事件的同时,恢复出较为清晰的微震事件.通过数值计算和对实际监测数据的测试,表明该方法对低信噪比的微震监测数据有较好的处理效果.  相似文献   

Are feldspar SAR protocols appropriate for post-IR IRSL dating?     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2014

Recently proposed post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (post-IR IRSL or pIR) dating protocols have largely overcome problems associated with anomalous fading and have become increasingly important for age determination of Quaternary sediments. Here, we investigate the suitability of the proposed post-IR IRSL protocols for accurate equivalent-dose estimation on K-feldspar extracts. Our research focuses on potential sensitivity changes between the natural signal and the first test dose signal in single-aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) procedures that are not detected and thus not corrected using test-dose responses.For these investigations, we employed the Single Aliquot Regeneration and Added dose (SARA) procedure, which combines equivalent-dose estimation with a dose recovery test. Results indicated that high-temperature preheats (>260 °C for 60 s) may induce a trapping sensitivity change in IRSL signals measured at low temperature (<100 °C). As this sensitivity change cannot be detected through test dose responses in the SAR protocol, it may result in an invalid equivalent-dose estimation. However, trapping sensitivity changes were not observed after low temperature preheats (<260 °C for 60 s), nor in pIR signals measured at elevated temperature (>100 °C) after a high temperature preheat. Our results indicate that the SAR protocol is appropriate for equivalent-dose determination using elevated-temperature pIR signals (e.g. pIR at 290 °C or multiple elevated temperature pIR at 250 °C). The SAR protocol may also be appropriate for equivalent-dose determination using low temperature pIR signals, provided that the combination of preheat and measurement temperature is carefully chosen to avoid the unwanted effects of sensitivity change during the first preheat.  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地持续放牧和不同强度放牧后封育草场中生物结皮生物量和土壤因子的变化   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

徐杰  宁远英 《中国沙漠》2010,30(4):824-830

通过对科尔沁沙地放牧后封育样地和放牧样地生物结皮生物量的研究,探讨了不同样地生物结皮生物量的变化规律及其与环境因子的相互关系。结果表明,封育样地藓类和藻类植物的生物量显著高于放牧样地;在封育样地内,轻度、中度放牧封育区显著高于重度放牧封育区（P＜0.05）。封育样地生物结皮的土壤微生物量碳、氮含量高于放牧样地,并且各样区藓结皮土壤微生物量碳、氮含量显著高于藻结皮（P＜0.05）。在封育样地内表现为轻度、中度放牧封育区土壤微生物量碳、氮含量较高,重度放牧封育区含量较低,体现出不同强度放牧封育停牧后对土壤微生物量碳、氮影响的滞后效应。藻类植物的生物量与结皮厚度、有机质含量和粉黏粒呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与细沙呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,与粗沙呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）。藓类植物的生物量与结皮厚度、有机质含量、粉黏粒呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,与粗沙呈负相关,但不显著。藻类植物的生物量与土壤因子之间的相关性更为密切。  相似文献   

多种剥蚀厚度恢复方法在内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系和白垩系中的应用及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

田涛  任战利  杨鹏  曹展鹏  杨甫 《古地理学报》2016,18(6):1002-1011

剥蚀厚度恢复是进行盆地埋藏史、热演化史、油气成藏等定量分析的基础。文中利用镜质体反射率法、流体包裹体法、声波时差法和地层厚度趋势法等多种方法,恢复了内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系和白垩系剥蚀厚度。计算结果表明,侏罗系和白垩系总剥蚀厚度为1610.9~2177.0,m;在流体包裹体法和地层厚度趋势法约束下,恢复的侏罗系剥蚀厚度为930.2~1395.3,m,白垩系剥蚀厚度为0~612.1,m。雅布赖盆地侏罗系剥蚀厚度“北大南小”,白垩系剥蚀厚度“南大北小”,反映盆地改造强度具有晚侏罗世南弱北强、早白垩世南强北弱的特征。大规模隆升剥蚀,导致地层温度下降、烃源岩遭到破坏,一定程度上制约着雅布赖盆地的烃源岩成熟演化以及油气生成。  相似文献   

Multiple hazard incidents lifecycle cost assessment of structural systems considering state‐dependent repair times and fragility curves          下载免费PDF全文

Ehsan Fereshtehnejad  Abdollah Shafieezadeh 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(14):2327-2347

The performance and serviceability of structural systems during their lifetime can be significantly affected by the occurrence of extreme events. Despite their low probability, there is a potential for multiple occurrences of such hazards during the relatively long service life of systems. This paper introduces a comprehensive framework for the assessment of lifecycle cost of infrastructures subject to multiple hazard events throughout their decision‐making time horizon. The framework entails the lifecycle costs of maintenance and repair, as well as the salvage value of the structure at the end of the decision‐making time horizon. The primary features of the proposed framework include accounting for the possibility of multiple hazard occurrences, incorporating effects of incomplete repair actions on the accumulated damage through damage state‐dependent repair times, and requiring limited resources in terms of input data and computational costs. A dynamic programming procedure is proposed to calculate the expected damage condition of the structure for each possibility of the number of hazard incidents based on state‐dependent fragility curves. The proposed framework is applied to a moment‐frame building located in a region with high seismicity, and lifecycle costs are evaluated for six retrofit plans. The results displayed variation in the ranking of the retrofit actions with respect to decision‐making time horizon. Furthermore, the sensitivity analyses demonstrated that disregarding repair time in the lifecycle cost analysis can result in false identification of unsafe retrofit actions as optimal and reliable strategies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Impact of water resource exploitation on the hydrology and water storage in Baiyangdian Lake   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Juana Paul Moiwo  Yonghui Yang  Huilong Li  Shumin Han  Yanmin Yang 《水文研究》2010,24(21):3026-3039

Water resources development and exploitation are critical for a viable and sustainable modern human society. Unfortunately, however, there is a considerable water storage depletion and environmental degradation in especially (semi)‐arid river basins due to the forces of population growth, urbanization, industrialization and intensive agricultural irrigation. Addressing water storage depletion is not only a question of research, but is very much a question of developing appropriate countermeasures to preserve valuable/fragile ecological systems. As one such effort, this study analyzes the hydrology and storage in Baiyangdian Lake as affected by water resources development and exploitation in the Baiyangdian Lake Catchment of Northern China. Three models, WetSpass (Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants and the Atmosphere under quasi‐Steady State), WATBUD (Water Budget) and MODFLOW (USGS three‐dimensional finite‐difference groundwater flow model) were used in combination to simulate the hydrogeologic conditions in the lake catchment for 1956–2008. The model‐calibrated values are in good agreement with the measured values, with R² > 0·8 and RMSE < 10% of measured values. Runoff, the primary source of water for the lake storage, has steadily declined due mainly to multiple dam construction and reservoir impoundments in the headwater valleys and rivers in the catchment. In addition to dwindling runoff, groundwater levels have declined considerably due to over‐abstraction, mainly for agricultural irrigation. Additionally, evaporation or evapotranspiration is increasing in the lake catchment due to rising temperatures. The worsening hydrological conditions, amid the harsh semi‐arid climate, have resulted in considerable depletion of the storage and hydrology of Baiyangdian Lake. Sustainable countermeasures like agricultural water‐saving and infusion of external water (e.g., via by the South–North Water Transfer Project) could be a viable option for preserving not only the hydrology of the lake catchment, but also storage in Baiyangdian Lake. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献