Analysis of the Variations of the Whitecap Fraction as Measured in a Coastal Zone     

C. Lafon  J. Piazzola  P. Forget  O. Le Calve  S. Despiau 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,111(2):339-360

The whitecap coverage generated by breaking waves plays a major role in the transfer of heat, momentum, water vapour and particles at the air-sea interface. The sea surface covered by whitecaps strongly depends on both the wind and the wave-field characteristics. In particular, in coastal zones, the variations of the whitecap fraction, commonly noted W, differ from open ocean conditions, due to fetch effects, wave-current interactions, bottom influence and irregular coastlines affecting both the wind properties and the wave development. We present an analysis of the whitecap-fraction variations using experimental data acquired during FETCH (Flux, Etat de mer, et Télédétection en Condition de fetcH variable), an experimental campaign that took place in the Gulf of Lion off the French Mediterranean coast in 1998. The data include various conditions of wave development associated with fetch and unsteady effects. The whitecap fraction W was measured using an original image processing technique applied to sea surface photography. Specific relationships between the whitecap fraction and both atmospheric and oceanic parameters are investigated, which confirm the suitability of the friction velocity for modelling W. However, W has also been parameterised using wave-parameter dependent relationships, which is of interest for very short fetches.  相似文献   

海气耦合气候模式的依时解   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

封国林  曹鸿兴 《应用气象学报》1996,7(2):212-220

运用量子力学方法，精确地求出了海气耦合随机-动力模式的依时解。对依时解的分析表明:当气候系统处于基态时，系统的行为呈布朗运动形式，由此从理论上证明了Hassel-mann关于随机气候模式建立的立足点。当系统处于第一激发态时，系统运动呈随时间衰减的形式；在一定条件下则为周期振荡，主周期长度为2.3年。最后将结果用来讨论二氧化碳浓度倍增时的气候影响。  相似文献   

TOGA-COARE IOP期间的海气通量观测结果          下载免费PDF全文

陈陟  李诗明  吕乃平  周明煜  吴志明  严志金 《地球物理学报》1997,40(6):753-762

在TOGA－COAREIOP期间用涡度相关法对海气热通量进行了船载直接观测．对垂直风速、温度和湿度湍流脉动观测数据的谱分析显示它们在高频区基本满足"－2／3次方律"．对船体简谐震荡影响的讨论从理论上证明该影响在热通量计算中可被忽略．根据以此方法得到的通量求出了中性层结条件下感热和潜热的整体输送系数分别为2．25×10^－3和1．26×10^－3．对海气边界层特性的分析表明该海域的近海层主要呈中性或弱不稳定层结．海气通量的变化与背景环流形势密切相关,潜热通量主要受海面风场强度的影响,而感热通量变化除了风场的影响外,层结变化也是一个重要因素．用整体输送法计算TOGA－COAREIOP期间以及TOGA期间8个航次的通量结果而得到的Bowen比约为0．1,显示潜热通量是暖池大气的主要热源．  相似文献   

TOGA-COARE IOP期间的海气通量观测结果   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

陈陟  李诗明  吕乃平  周明煜  吴志明  严志金 《地球物理学报》1997,40(6):53-762

在TOGA－COAREIOP期间用涡度相关法对海气热通量进行了船载直接观测．对垂直风速、温度和湿度湍流脉动观测数据的谱分析显示它们在高频区基本满足"－2／3次方律"．对船体简谐震荡影响的讨论从理论上证明该影响在热通量计算中可被忽略．根据以此方法得到的通量求出了中性层结条件下感热和潜热的整体输送系数分别为2．25×10（－3）和1．26×10（－3）．对海气边界层特性的分析表明该海域的近海层主要呈中性或弱不稳定层结．海气通量的变化与背景环流形势密切相关,潜热通量主要受海面风场强度的影响,而感热通量变化除了风场的影响外,层结变化也是一个重要因素．用整体输送法计算TOGA－COAREIOP期间以及TOGA期间8个航次的通量结果而得到的Bowen比约为0．1,显示潜热通量是暖池大气的主要热源．  相似文献   

The Quasi-Decadal Oscillation of Air-Sea System in the Northwestern Pacific Region   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

Li Chongyin 《大气科学进展》1998,15(1):31-40

ＴｈｅＱｕａｓｉ－ＤｅｃａｄａｌＯｓｃｉｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆＡｉｒ－ＳｅａＳｙｓｔｅｍｉｎｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＰａｃｉｆｉｃＲｅｇｉｏｎ①ＬｉＣｈｏｎｇｙｉｎ（李崇银）ＬＡＳＧ,ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ,Ｃｈｉ...  相似文献   

海气CO2通量与涡动相关法应用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲁中明  戴民汉 《地球科学进展》2006,21(10):1046-1057

海气CO2交换速率及通量的测定、估算是碳循环研究的重要内容。测定、估算海气CO2交换速率及通量有多种方法,但都有其局限性,准确定量海气碳通量的大小仍是碳循环研究的热点问题。当前应用最广泛的海气界面分压差法需要通过间接手段测定海气交换速率,交换速率和风速的关系基于经验公式,不确定性较大;而涡动相关法（eddy covariance / eddy correlation）是一种直接测量方法,理论上不需要任何经验参数,在近年来取得较大进展。综述了近年来国内外CO2海气交换速率及通量的测定、估算方法的研究进展,并对各种方法的原理、应用、优缺点进行了分析,着重介绍了涡动相关法测量CO2通量的原理、国内外研究现状、相对传统方法的优缺点以及发展前景等,对未来海气CO2交换速率及通量研究发展趋势和研究方法作了展望。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Stable Flows over Southern Greenland     

Andrew Orr  Edward Hanna  Julian C.R. Hunt  John Cappelen  Konrad Steffen  AG Stephens 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(10):1747-1778

The main characteristic features of stable atmospheric flows over a large mountain plateau are summarised and then compared with mesoscale and synoptic scale numerical simulation, meteorological analysis, satellite imagery, and surface observations for the cases of flows over Southern Greenland for four wind directions. The detailed features are identified using the concepts and scaling of stably stratified flow over large mountains with variations in surface roughness, elevation, and heating. For westerly and easterly winds detached jets form at the southern tip, where coastal jets converge, which propagate large distances across the ocean. Near coasts katabatic winds can combine with barrier jets and wake flows generated by synoptic winds. Note how the approach flow rises/falls over southern Greenland for easterly/westerly winds, leading in both cases to more cloud on the western side. Some conclusions are drawn about the large-scale influences of these flows; detached jets in the atmosphere; air-sea interaction; formation of low pressure systems. For accurate simulations of these flows, mesoscale models are necessary with resolutions of order of 20 km or less.  相似文献   

The Signature of Sea Spray in the Hexos Turbulent Heat Flux Data   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Edgar L Andreas  Janice Decosmo 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,103(2):303-333

The role of sea spray intransferring heat and moisture across the air-sea interface has remained elusive. Some studies have reported that sea spray does not affect the turbulent air-sea heat fluxes for 10-m wind speeds up to at least 25 m s^-1, while others have reported important spray contributions for wind speeds as low as 12 m s^-1. One goal of the HEXOS (Humidity Exchange over the Sea) program was to quantify spray's contribution to the turbulent air-sea heat fluxes, but original analyses of the HEXOS flux data found the spray signal to be too small to be reliably identified amid the scatter in the data. We look at the HEXOS data again in the context of the TOGA-COARE bulk flux algorithm and a sophisticated microphysical spray model. This combination of quality data andstate-of-the-art modelling reveals a distinct spray signature in virtually all HEXOS turbulent heat flux data collected in winds of 15 m s^-1 and higher. Spray effects are most evident in the latent heat flux data, where spray contributes roughly 10% of the total turbulent flux in winds of 10 m s^-1 and between 10 and 40% in winds of 15–18 m s^-1. The spray contribution to the total sensible heat flux is also at least 10% in winds above 15 m s^-1. These results lead to a new, unified parameterization for the turbulent air-sea heat fluxes that should be especially useful in high winds because it acknowledges both the interfacial and spray routes by which the sea exchanges heat and moisture with the atmosphere.  相似文献   

西太平洋海-气相互作用研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

周明煜  钱粉兰 《地球物理学报》1997,40(Z1):37-45

主要对近十几年来我国在西太平洋海域海-气相互作用方面的研究成果作一简要回顾通过参与国际合作，我国在西太平洋海域已经获得大量观测资料，并在海气能量交换和物质交换方面取得了不少科研成果这些成果主要包括：（1）近中国海和热带西太平洋海域的海面动量、热量交换特征；（2）西太平洋及暖油海域的边界层特征；（3）海上气溶胶特性及分布规律；（4）热带西太平洋海-气二氧化碳交换。  相似文献   

奇异交叉谱在海气相互作用诊断研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱艳峰  丁裕国  何金海 《热带气象学报》1999,15(2):120-127

利用SCSA（奇异交叉谱分析）方法,对中低纬海气及中低纬环流相互作用的耦合同期信号进行分析。结果表明：在3－7年尺度上海气相互作用关系密切,这个尺度与ENSO循环尺度基本一致,且其振荡行为与ENSO根荡相似．从这个意义上说在中低纬海气相互作用中,ENSO是个强信号;中低纬环流相互作用存在10－12年及准4年的优势耦合周期,其中准4年振荡和ENSO循环尺度相一致．这说明中低纬环流相互作用,除受ENSO影响外,自身还存在10年左右的振荡周期。  相似文献