水利大数据研究综述          下载免费PDF全文

陈军飞  邓梦华  王慧敏 《水科学进展》2017,28(4):622-631

为了推动水利大数据的发展及其在水利管理中的应用,对水利大数据相关的研究进行总结和分析,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。在回顾水利大数据的产生背景和发展历程的基础上,界定了水利大数据的概念及内涵;构建了水利大数据的研究框架,并对水利大数据的存储与共享方法、分析平台、挖掘算法、数据可视化和应用等进行了探讨。结合水利大数据研究发展和应用需求,从数据集成方法、分析挖掘算法、数据安全和综合决策分析平台等方面对水利大数据研究领域的发展趋势进行阐述。  相似文献   

Elements’ Geochemical Characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 in Beijing During Winter and Spring     

Wang Di  Feng Haiyan  Jing Huimin 《地球科学进展》2017,32(8):850-858

From 2012 to 2013, heavy haze frequently hit Beijing in spring and winter. The fine atmospheric particulates can be inhaled by people, and remain in the respiratory tract and lung for quite a long time. The heavy metal elements in the particles are harmful, and even carcinogenic to human bodies. Therefore, it is necessary to master the geochemical characteristics and the temporal and spatial distribution of the heavy metal elements in atmospheric particles. The atmospheric particulates (TSP/PM₁₀/PM_2.5) were collected by using TH1500C intelligent medium volume (80~120 L/min) air samplers in the five functional areas and suburbs of Beijing, respectively in January 2013 (heating period) and April 2013 (non-heating period). The five functional areas were: building materials factory area, residential area, education area, business area and recreation area, each functional area having three sampling sites, and five in suburbs. The sampling height was 1.5 m above the ground and the distance of the sampling sites to roads exceeded 50 m so as to avoid excessive impact of vehicle exhaust emissions. These samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer(ICP-OES)and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer (AFS), by which 21 elements including Al, Fe, Mn, As, Hg, Cd, Cr were tested. Based on the comparisons of the concentration and element content variation of atmospheric particulates of these functional areas in and after the heating period, the spatial distribution of atmospheric particulates and the influence of coal combustion on the concentration and composition of atmospheric particulates were revealed. The elements sources of atmospheric particulates were also discussed by computing the enrichment factor of the elements, providing a scientific basis for the air contaminant treatment in Beijing. The results showed that the total concentration of the 21 elements of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in the functional areas of Beijing in winter was higher than that in spring, the most marked among them being the business area. In winter, the concentration of pollution elements in the building materials factory area and the business area in Beijing was extremely high, and the residential area, education area, recreation area and suburbs where people live were much better, among which the education area was the best. The concentration change of particulates in suburbs was quite smaller in winter and spring than that of the urban area. It also showed that the concentrations of Cd, Cr, As and Hg in PM₁₀ increased by 233%,306%,298%,141%,respectively and the increase in PM_2.5 was 442%、309%、310%、256%, respectively. These abovementioned elements show a tendency to accumulate mainly in PM_2.5 whose concentrations in winter were significantly higher than those in spring. It indicates that coal heating during winter makes great contributions to the polluting elements in atmosphere and the main polluting particulates are Cd, As and Hg.  相似文献   

多智能体区域土地利用优化配置模型及其应用   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

张鸿辉  曾永年  谭荣  刘慧敏 《地理学报》2011,66(7):972-984

土地利用优化配置对促进区域可持续土地利用具有重要意义,然而现有的土地利用优化配置模型引导可持续土地利用的能力有待提高。本文从整体考量区域土地利用优化配置数量、空间、时间三维特征的角度,定义了区域土地利用优化配置多智能体系统及其决策行为规则,构建了基于多智能体系统的区域土地利用优化配置RLUOA (Regional Land Use OptimizationAllocation) 模型,并以中部地区典型城市--长沙市为例开展了实证应用研究。研究结果表明：该模型能够将规划时间段内多目标约束的区域土地利用规模的数量结构合理配置到不同的空间单元,实现土地利用数量结构、空间布局、效益的协同优化,构建整体上经济可行、社会可接受、生态环境友好的土地利用格局,并明显提高区域整体土地利用经济、生态和社会效益,从而能够为促进区域土地资源可持续利用和制定土地利用总体规划提供参考借鉴。  相似文献   

松花江流域（吉林省段）产业系统生态效率时空分异特征与影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭付友  佟连军  魏强  张慧敏  仇方道 《地理研究》2016,35(8):1483-1494

在对产业系统生态效率内涵进行阐释的基础上,基于资源消减、清洁生产和末端治理等不同生产环节生态效率要素综合构建了产业系统生态效率测度模型以及产业系统可持续性评价模型,并据此对松花江流域（吉林省段）产业系统生态效率时空演变特征以及影响因素进行了深入分析,研究发现：① 综合型城市侧重于源头消减效率的提高从而使产业变“轻”,总体呈现低投入、低消耗以及低排放的发展特征。资源型城市侧重于清洁生产效率的提高从而使产业变“清”,总体呈现高投入、高利用以及高排放的发展特征。② 产业系统生态效率增长幅度为白城市>松原市>吉林市>松花江流域>长春市,流域特征明显。另外从不同生产环节效率对生态效率的贡献率分析可知,资源减量化以及末端治理是松花江流域（吉林省段）生态效率变化的决定性因素。③ 总体上流域产业系统可持续性有不断增强的趋势,但产业可持续性发展态势分异现象显著。并且产业可持续性发展规律性较差侧面说明了区域产业之间缺乏有效的分工与联系,产业联动发展模式尚未形成。④ 认为所有制结构、环境管理力度、外商投资以及科学技术是松花江流域（吉林省段）产业系统生态效率的影响因素,而经济发展水平、产业结构以及政府调控因素没有通过显著性检验。  相似文献   

Potential promoted productivity and spatial patterns of medium- and low-yield cropland land in China   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Huimin Yan  Yongzan Ji  Jiyuan Liu  Fang Liu  Yunfeng Hu  Wenhui Kuang 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(3):259-271

With a continuously increasing population and better food consumption levels, improving the efficiency of arable land use and increasing its productivity have become fundamental strategies to meet the growing food security needs in China. A spatial distribution map of medium- and low-yield cropland is necessary to implement plans for cropland improvement. In this study, we developed a new method to identify high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data at a spatial resolution of 500 m. The method could be used to reflect the regional heterogeneity of cropland productivity because the classification standard was based on the regionalization of cropping systems in China. The results showed that the proportion of high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland in China was 21%, 39%, and 40%, respectively. About 75% of the low-yield cropland was located in hilly and mountainous areas, and about 53% of the high-yield cropland was located in plain areas. The five provinces with the largest area of high-yield cropland were all located in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and the area amounted to 42% of the national high-yield cropland area. Meanwhile, the proportion of high-yield cropland was lower than 15% in Heilongjiang, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia, which had the largest area allocated to cropland in China. If all the medium-yield cropland could be improved to the productive level of high-yield cropland and the low-yield cropland could be improved to the level of medium-yield cropland, the total productivity of the land would increase 19% and 24%, respectively.  相似文献   

Strategic transformation of regionalization for the agricultural comprehensive development: The example of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China     

Wenjiao Shi  Yunfeng Hu  Xiaoli Shi  Zong Wang  Huimin Yan  Ziwei Xu  Bo Ren  Wenhui Kuang  Xinliang Xu  Weiming Cheng  Yan Chen  Dongbo Wu 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(12):1675-1688

Strategic transformation of regionalization for agricultural comprehensive development (ACD) was presented by the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China (MOF) in 2014. The regionalization is the premise and basis of the sustainable development and improved competitiveness for agriculture. Based on the environmental resources related to agriculture, such as cropland, climate, water resources, terrain, geomorphology, patterns of the ACD projects, distribution of ecological planning, etc., we devised 13 indices using the geographic comprehensive regionalization method. The indices took into account a combination of dynamic and static, qualitative and quantitative, as well as agricultural and ecological factors. The strategic transformation of regionalization for the ACD in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China was performed; seven types were included: prioritized regions, prioritized and restricted regions, protected regions, protected and restricted regions, restricted and prioritized regions, restricted and protected regions, and restricted regions. A further 24 subtypes were used based on locations and ecological zones. The regionalization results showed that prioritized regions were mainly in northern Ningxia, the most suitable area for agriculture. The protected and restricted regions were in central and southern Ningxia. In the central part, drought was the limiting factor for agriculture, and water conservation projects there should be supported. The ecological environment is fragile in southern Ningxia, so there is a need for ecologically sound agriculture to be developed in this region. Such regionalization could achieve two goals, namely agricultural conservation and eco-environmental protection. It was performed following the requirement for scientific regionalization to include three types of regions (prioritized regions, protected regions, and restricted regions), and was applied at the township scale in a provincial or autonomous region for the first time. The results provide both guidance for the strategic transformation of the ACD in Ningxia, and a reference for similar work in other provinces.  相似文献   

风水复合侵蚀研究进展与展望   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

杨会民  王静爱  邹学勇  史培军 《中国沙漠》2016,36(4):962-971

风水复合侵蚀是干旱,半干旱区一种常见的土壤侵蚀类型,是风水两相外营力相互耦合驱动下发生的地表物质再分配过程。在辨析风水复合侵蚀类型的基础上,将风水复合侵蚀影响因子归结为侵蚀动力因子、土壤抗蚀性因子与干扰因子,并分析了影响因子间的互馈关系;从全球尺度、区域尺度和局地尺度,总结了风水复合侵蚀在空间尺度上的差异;评述了风水共同侵蚀过程中侵蚀力与侵蚀能量的叠加效应,风水交替侵蚀过程中侵蚀力与侵蚀能量的交替性特征,以及下垫面和干扰因子对风水复合侵蚀的响应;阐述了风力与水力侵蚀在总侵蚀量中的贡献比率与两者叠加所产生的耦合效应;认为风水复合侵蚀实验研究是认识风水复合侵蚀过程与机理的基础,应将风水复合侵蚀过程段研究扩展到全过程研究,同时加强下垫面在风水复合侵蚀中的响应机制以及水蚀与风蚀间的抑制效应研究,以期达到全面客观地认识风水复合侵蚀过程与机制的目的。  相似文献   

云南旱灾风险管理框架及对策研究     

许玲燕  王慧敏  马显莹  陈军飞  马剑锋 《地域研究与开发》2013,32(2)

基于云南省近年来大范围持久性干旱的反思,分析云南省旱灾管理现状,借鉴国内外成功的旱灾风险管理实践经验,提出了推行云南省旱灾风险管理的必要性和可行性.并以风险管理理论为基础,将旱灾风险识别、风险评估、损失评估、风险决策与控制4个步骤为主线贯穿旱灾风险管理过程,构建了云南省旱灾风险管理框架.通过鱼骨图分析,从自然环境、社会经济2个类别识别判断影响云南省旱灾风险的10个因子.从风险管理理念、制度体系、预警与调度系统、科技支撑水平、应急水源和应急服务及灾后补偿保障6个方面提出了云南省旱灾风险管理行动对策,为云南省建立长效的抗旱减灾管理机制提供了重要建议.  相似文献   

山东诸城农居抗震性能分析对比     

冀东普  郭惠民 《高原地震》2013,(3):58-62

通过对山东诸城民居现状进行调查,发现其抗震性能较差。对山东农村民居在抗震设防中存在的突出问题进行了分析并提出了应对方案。  相似文献   

基于局部一维模型与走时标定的区域三维速度模型构建技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

张慧民  靳平  刘文学  李欣  张锐迎 《地震学报》2013,35(2)

构建区域介质三维速度模型并以之获得准确的区域震相走时,是提高区域地震定位精度的重要手段之一.为充分利用已有的一维模型、GT事件、地质资料等实现三维模型构建,尝试基于目标区域内已有的部分局部一维模型,通过克里金空间插值建立初始三维模型,然后利用GT事件走时数据并参考其它地震地质资料对其不断进行修正,使得其走时偏差图与GT事件走时偏差图一致,进而获得能够提高区域地震定位精度的三维模型.使用不同模型进行的地震定位实验表明,以此方法建立的三维模型的定位偏差较初始模型减少约20％,较好地起到了减小区域震相走时残差,提高区域地震定位精度的作用.  相似文献