东印度洋分离的一株蓝杆藻的形态学,超显微结构以及系统发生分析     

张晓东  杨双  孙军  吴超  王静  张桂成  丁昌玲 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(10):4-10

One strain of unicellular greenish algae embedded by mucilage was successfully isolated from equatorial area in the Indian Ocean. Microscopic observation, ultrastructure features and genetic identification confirmed that the strain was closely related to Cyanothece sp., which was a cyanobacteria species with great ecological significance.Cells were solitary with oval or bacilliform shapes. Diameters of this strain were relatively small, ranging from 2.5 to 6.5 μm on average. Ultrastructure of cells was simple. Thylakoids were arranged parietal and keritomized content were observed in the thylakoid region. Various electron-transparent granules with low electron-dense region as well as cyanophycin or glycogen granules-like organelle and carbonxysomes were also observed. For pigment composition, the dominant pigments were chlorophyll a, β-Carotene, Zeaxanthin and an unknown pigment, contributing 23.8%, 26.1%, 14.7% and 15.7% to total pigments respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of16 S rRNA gene and nif H gene confirmed that Strain EIO409 was closely related with Cyanothece sp..  相似文献   

Micronutrient effects on cyanobacterial growth and physiology     

John G. Rueter  Richard R. Petersen 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):435-445

Trace metals play crucial roles in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of cyanobacteria. Physiological responses to metal limitation and toxicity in culture have shown that iron is important for photosynthesis and energy distribution in the cell while both iron and molybdenum are biochemically involved in nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation is also relatively sensitive to copper toxicity. Consequently, factors that affect the supply rate, chemical speciation, or the recycling of trace metals can alter patterns of primary productivity and nitrogen metabolism. Overall, three trace metal dependent processes may contribute towards dominance: efficient use of limiting light, nitrogen fixation, and production of extracellular iron binding compounds.  相似文献   

Mass occurrence of benthic coccoid cyanobacteria and their role in the production of Neoarchean carbonates of South Africa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jzef Kazmierczak  Wladyslaw Altermann  Barbara Kremer  Stephan Kempe  Patrick G. Eriksson 《Precambrian Research》2009,173(1-4):79

The sparse Archean fossil record is based almost entirely on carbonaceous remnants of microorganisms cellularly preserved due to their early post-mortem silicification. Hitherto as an exception, sedimentary carbonate rocks from the Neoarchean Nauga Formation of South Africa contain calcified microbial mats composed of microbiota closely resembling modern benthic colonial cyanobacteria (Chroococcales and Pleurocapsales). Their remains, visible under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) after etching of polished rock samples, comprise capsular envelopes, mucilage sheaths, and groups of cells mineralized by calcium carbonate with an admixture of Al–K–Mg–Fe silicates. The capsular organization of the mucilaginous sheaths surrounding individual cells and cell clusters forming colonies and the mode of mineralization are the characteristic common features of the Neoarchean microbiota described and their modern analogues. The new findings indicate massive production of calcium carbonates by benthic coccoid cyanobacteria in the Neoarchean, and offer a solution to the problem of the origin of Archean carbonate platforms, stromatolites and microbial reefs.  相似文献   

微生物岩的概念和重庆老龙洞剖面P-T界线地层微生物岩成因^*          下载免费PDF全文

吴亚生  姜红霞  虞功亮  刘丽静 《古地理学报》2018,20(5):737-775

微生物岩的原始定义指底栖微生物主导形成的沉积体或岩石体。笔者对该概念进行了扩充,认为微生物岩除了包括叠层石、凝块石、纹层石、核形石、均一石之外,还应该包括微生物骨架岩、微生物粘结岩、非钙化浮游或漂浮微生物形成的模铸岩、矿化浮游或漂浮微生物形成的颗粒岩和泥粒岩。P-T界线地层微生物岩的特征是具有由较粗矿物晶体(主要是方解石,其次是白云石)组成的斑点状、树枝状、网状结构的灰岩。这3种结构分别称为斑点状体、树枝状体、网状体,在露头上呈暗色,在薄片中呈浅色,一般由无定形的亮晶充填体和其间的微亮晶组成。亮晶充填体是指无定形的孔洞被不同成岩期形成的矿物充填形成的结构体,因成岩作用各异,造成不同层位、不同地点的亮晶充填体内部的矿物类型和充填顺序存在差异;所有的亮晶充填体都不具有壁,故不是钙化化石。通过形态、大小和生态比较,以及形成演化分析,认为亮晶充填体的前身是漂浮蓝细菌微囊菌,胶鞘是微囊菌形成模铸化石的关键因素。亮晶充填体是表层水漂浮生活的微囊菌沉入海底后,被泥晶沉积物掩埋或者被早期海底胶结物胶结,在泥晶沉积物半固结或固结之后腐烂留下的孔洞被后期成岩作用形成的矿物充填形成的。P-T界线地层微生物岩段顶部遭受成岩作用程度高,树枝状体和网状体中的亮晶充填体的轮廓基本都被破坏,变成微亮晶和亮晶,以前被学者解释为凝块石;但斑点状体、树枝状体、网状体是成岩流体沿着亮晶充填体或其他化石丰富的地方运移形成较粗的晶体而造成的,并不符合凝块石的定义。同时,少数学者把树枝状体本身当成底栖生物,也是没有充分认识树枝状体的矿物组成而做的解释。该微生物岩段含有钙化的小球状化石和同心层状化石,但它们不是组成微生物岩的主体。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地西部地区第三系湖相藻(蓝细菌)灰岩储层成因类型   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

赵贤正  陈子炓  陈洪德  寿建峰  施泽进 《沉积学报》2004,22(2):216-224

柴达木盆地西部地区第三系湖相藻(蓝细菌)灰岩储层的成因类型主要包括两类:滨湖亚相的藻(蓝细菌)坪灰岩和浅湖亚相的藻(蓝细菌)丘灰岩。滨湖亚相的藻(蓝细菌)坪灰岩和浅湖亚相的藻(蓝细菌)丘灰岩具有完全不同的沉积特征、岩石类型和储层特征。柴达木盆地第三系藻(蓝细菌)灰岩储层分布较广,是柴达木盆地第三系碳酸盐岩储层中最重要的油气储层。目前柴达木盆地第三系藻(蓝细菌)灰岩储层主要见于西部地区的跃西、跃东、七个泉、狮子沟、花土沟、尖顶山、南翼山和大风山等地区,层位上从下干柴沟组上段(E2₃)至上油砂山组(N2₂)均有分布。E2₃和N₁的藻(蓝细菌)灰岩主要分布于英雄岭凹陷以西(西南)地区,N1₂和N2₂的藻(蓝细菌)灰岩主要分布于英雄岭凹陷以东(东北)地区,这与柴达木盆地的湖水进退、沉积中心的迁移及盆地演化有着密切的关系。滨湖亚相藻(蓝细菌)坪灰岩储层的储集空间以次生溶孔和溶缝为主,溶孔和溶缝的形成与大气淡水的淋滤作用有关。浅湖亚相藻(蓝细菌)丘灰岩储层的储集空间以次生溶孔和溶缝为主,同时也发育原生枝管状钙藻(绿藻门的松藻科)的藻管孔,溶孔和溶缝的形成与晚期沿断裂带大气淡水的溶解作用及有机酸的溶解作用有关。  相似文献   

A biomarker of Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria: Heterocyst Glycolipids and Their Research Progress     

Manyu Kang  Guodong Jia 《地球科学进展》2019,34(9):901-911

Heterocystous cyanobacteria are important diazotrophs commonly found in freshwater and ocean. They can produce special glycolipids known as Heterocyst Glycolipids (HGs) in their inner membrane layer. HGs are typically long-chain diols, triols, or hydroxyketones connected with a sugar moiety. HGs are unique biomarkers of heterocystous cyanobactria, which are relative stable and can be detected in lakes, marine systems, microbial mats and sediments. The study of HGs in biogeochemistry has not been carried out until recent years. HGs are proved to have great potential in indicating heterocystous cyanbacteria community and environment conditions. In this paper, the mechanism of cyanobacterial heterocyst differentiation and structure of HGs were introduced. In particular, emphasis was put on the application of HGs to infer environmental temperature, heterocystous cyanobacteria community, terrestrial organic input and nitrogen fixationin. The prospect of future study was also proposed.  相似文献   

Simultaneous estimates ofsynechococcus spp. Growth and grazing mortality rates in the English Channel     

Ning Xiu-ren  Daniel Vaulot 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1996,14(1):8-16

The marine chroococooid phycoerythrin-containingSynechococcus spp. cyanobacterium has been implicated as a substantial component of the photosynthetic picoplankton in the ocean. Although its importance as food source for heterotrophic nanoplankton is now recognized, information about the cycling ofSynechococcus biomass and its diel pattern is limited and study methodology varies among authors. The selective metabolic inhibitor method was used to simultaneously estimate growth and grazing disappearance rates ofSynechococcus in the English Channel where growth rates ranged from 0.25 to 0.72/d (mean ±SD=0.51±0.17/d) and grazing mortality rates ranged from 0.19 to 0.64/d (mean ±SD=0.48±0.17/d). Size-fractionated experiments demonstrated that up to 70% ofSynechococcus disappearance could be attributed to grazers going through a 2 μm Nuclepore filter.Synechococcus grazing mortality rates (mean=0.74 ±0.25/d) during the day were always higher than that (mean=0.2±0.20/d) during the night, while growth rates showed no clear diel pattern. A positive correlation was observed between growth rates andin situ temperature ranging from 9 to 17°C, while in contrast grazing was independent of temperature. The close similatiry between average growth and grazing rates suggests a rapid recycling ofSynechococcus biomass in English Channel coastal waters.  相似文献   

The role of phosphorus in growth of phytoplankton in Lake Vesijärvi,southern Finland – a multitechnique approach     

Anne?OjalaEmail author  Satu?Kokkonen  Timo?Kairesalo 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2003,65(3):287-296

The role of phosphorus in phytoplankton growth was studied in Lake Vesijärvi, a large previously eutrophic body of water with a history of flourishing fishery. The study combined different approaches: long-term algal enrichment experiments with natural phytoplankton assemblages were carried out together with observations on nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations, elemental ratios (N:P, C:P, C:N) of particulate matter, and analysis of P uptake using [³³P]. None of the approaches revealed periods of P limitation, but some growth experiments as well as elemental ratios indicated slight deficiency in early summer. Concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), which were usually 20–30 g l^–1, also indicated luxurious P resources. Thermal stratification was weak and the lake mixed twice during the study period; this was reflected in the phytoplankton biomass that increased up to 4-fold. Results of elemental ratios usually suggested the occurrence of nitrogen limitation, and in general these ratios were low for a lake. All size fractions >0.22 m in the experiments with [³³P] showed P uptake. In August most of the P was taken up by picoplankton, but when the lake turned over in September, the uptake of P by this fraction was absent. Thus, there was always a plentiful supply of P for phytoplankton, but the shortage of inorganic N may have affected those algae not capable of fixing N₂. These conditions should have favoured the growth of heterocystous cyanobacteria, but these prokaryotes never attained high abundances. This may have been due to the weak stability of the water column, or the growth of cyanobacteria may have been limited by trace elements such as molybdenum or iron.  相似文献   

Role of biological soil crust cover in bioweathering and protection of sandstones in a semi‐arid landscape (Torrollones de Gabarda,Huesca, Spain)     

Virginia Souza‐Egipsy  Jacek Wierzchos  Carlos Sancho  Anchel Belmonte  Carmen Ascaso 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(13):1651-1661

Sandstone structural landscapes in the semi‐arid Torrollones de Gabarda area (Province of Huesca, NE Spain) are often covered by a well developed biological soil crust of lichens, mosses and cyanobacteria and black coatings on vertical surfaces. By using scanning electron microscopy with backscattered detector imaging, the biological soil crust studied evidenced high activity in the sandstone–crust interface. Processes such as physical disintegration, etching and dwelling as well as biomineralization by calcium oxalate and ?xation of mineral particles by extracellular polymeric substances were observed. On the horizontal sandstone surfaces these processes may cause the occurrence of gnammas and the development of a protective coating that favours intense ?aking when the crust is disturbed. On the sandstone cliffs, columnar and tafoni weathering development is clearly guided by the protective action of the biological soil crust. These qualitative observations are important to develop methodologies to address their quantitative importance in geomorphological processes in semi‐arid landscapes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seasonal dynamics of a cyanobacteria-dominated microbial community in surface sediments of a shallow,eutrophic lake   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

Bengt Boström  Anna-Kristina Pettersson  Ingemar Ahlgren 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1989,51(2):153-178

The seasonal variation of microbial biomass and activity in the surface sediments (0–10 cm) of the shallow, eutrophic Lake Vallentunasjön was followed during one year. OverwinteringMicrocystis colonies dominated the microbial community during all seasons, constituting 60–90% of the total microbial biomass. Expressed on an areal basis, the benthic biomass was, throughout the year, larger than or similar to the planktonic biomass during the peak of the summer bloom, indicating an ability of the colonies to survive in the sediments for extended periods. Abundance of other, non-photosynthetic bacteria varied in the range 3.0–15.5 · 10¹⁰ cells g^–1 d. w. over the year with minimum values in summer and maximum values in autumn in connection with the sedimentation of theMicrocystis bloom. A substantial part of the non-photosynthetic bacteria, up to circa 40%, was associated with the mucilage of healthyMicrocystis colonies. Bacterial production (³H-thymidine incorporation) appeared to be strongly temperature dependent and less influenced by the seasonal sedimentation pattern. Our data indicate an increasing proportion of non-growing cells in autumn and winter. Biomass-bound phosphorus constituted a significant portion, circa 10%, of the phosphorus content in Lake Vallentunasjön sediments. This pool has normally been overlooked in studies on phosphorus dynamics in lake sediments. Different mechanisms whereby organic phosphorus can be released from the sediments are discussed.  相似文献