广州市珍稀濒危植物水松的种群现状与保护策略     

陈雨晴  王瑞江  朱双双  蒋奥林  周联选 《热带地理》2016,36(6):944-951

水松［Glyptostrobus pensilis（Stanunt.）K. Koch］为我国 I级重点保护野生植物之一,曾于珠江三角洲地区普遍生长。但由于近 50 a 来人类活动的强烈干扰,其野生种群和个体数量骤减,世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）已将水松评估为“极危”状态。文章以实测法进行野外调查,结果表明：广州市野生水松古树在近 5 a 间快速消亡,现仅存 8 个种群共 14 株个体,且半数处于生长不良或濒死状态;种群个体数量少,仅包括 1~4 株水松,无法进行自然更新;这些水松长期未得到科学合理的保护,如不采取有效保育措施,残酷的生存压力可能导致大部分种群的快速死亡。因此,在广州地区开展水松的就地和迁地保护、扩大种群的个体数量、开展水松的保护遗传学和监测人工林种群的遗传结构变化情况等研究,应成为目前保护和拯救本地区水松种群及其遗传多样性的必要策略。  相似文献   

胶州湾海水中悬浮颗粒对溶解态微量元素的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

刘刚  瞿成利  常凤鸣  赵永芳  路波 《海洋科学》2008,32(3):55-61

运用离子色谱离线螯合结合ICP-MS的方法,对胶州湾海水中的微量元素(V,Co,Ni,Cu,Mo,Cd,Pb,U,REEs)进行了精确的定量分析。在测试前对在同一站位不同层位采集的平行海水样品进行了两种不同的酸化处理:一份采取先过滤后酸化的方式,以获得海水中溶解态微量元素的含量;另一份采取直接酸化后分析的方式,以评估悬浮颗粒中的可交换态微量元素对溶解态微量元素测定结果可能造成的影响。通过对比研究发现,不同处理方法得到的V、Ni、Cu、Co、Pb以及稀土元素(REEs)的质量浓度存在很大差异,说明悬浮颗粒物质可能对海水中相应元素的测定产生较大的影响。各种微量元素之间的差异和相应离子或离子团的电荷性质、在海水中的配位作用以及悬浮颗粒物质的表面电荷性质有关。初步研究结果表明,在类似于胶州湾这样的近海海域,悬浮颗粒物质是控制微量元素分布特征的一个重要因素。  相似文献   

Prograde metamorphic sequence of REE minerals in pelitic rocks of the Central Alps: implications for allanite–monazite–xenotime phase relations from 250 to 610 °C     

E. JANOTS  M. ENGI  A. BERGER  J. ALLAZ  J.-O. SCHWARZ  C. SPANDLER 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2008,26(5):509-526

The distribution of REE minerals in metasedimentary rocks was investigated to gain insight into the stability of allanite, monazite and xenotime in metapelites. Samples were collected in the central Swiss Alps, along a well‐established metamorphic field gradient that record conditions from very low grade metamorphism (250 °C) to the lower amphibolite facies (～600 °C). In the Alpine metapelites investigated, mass balance calculations show that LREE are mainly transferred between monazite and allanite during the course of prograde metamorphism. At very low grade metamorphism, detrital monazite grains (mostly Variscan in age) have two distinct populations in terms of LREE and MREE compositions. Newly formed monazite crystallized during low‐grade metamorphism (<440 °C); these are enriched in La, but depleted in Th and Y, compared with inherited grains. Upon the appearance of chloritoid (～440–450 °C, thermometry based on chlorite–choritoid and carbonaceous material), monazite is consumed, and MREE and LREE are taken up preferentially in two distinct zones of allanite distinguishable by EMPA and X‐ray mapping. Prior to garnet growth, allanite acquires two growth zones of clinozoisite: a first one rich in HREE + Y and a second one containing low REE contents. Following garnet growth, close to the chloritoid–out zone boundary (～556–580 °C, based on phase equilibrium calculations), allanite and its rims are partially to totally replaced by monazite and xenotime, both associated with plagioclase (± biotite ± staurolite ± kyanite ± quartz). In these samples, epidote relics are located in the matrix or as inclusions in garnet, and these preserve their characteristic chemical and textural growth zoning, indicating that they did not experience re‐equilibration following their prograde formation. Hence, the partial breakdown of allanite to monazite offers the attractive possibility to obtain in situ ages, representing two distinct crystallization stages. In addition, the complex REE + Y and Th zoning pattern of allanite and monazite are essential monitors of crystallization conditions at relatively low metamorphic grade.  相似文献   

Geochemical evidence of paleogeography and paleoclimate during deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation in Kongnan area     

Qinghua YAN  Jing SUN  Xudong ZHANG  Qinglong MENG  Man WANG 《世界地质(英文版)》2007,10(1)

The 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation has been made up of a large number of oil shale and mudstone in the Kongnan aera of Huanghua depression around the Bohai Bay. In the Kongnan area, the lake basins were very large and deep during the deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation. During that period,the lakes were sealed, uncommunieated with the sea water and the paleoclimate was very warm and wet in Kongnan area. Analyzing the content of the trace element and the rare earth element, carbon and oxygen isotope in the disquisition, The authors prove the two views correct.  相似文献   

贵州织金地区稀土磷块岩矿床中稀土元素赋存状态   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

张彦斌  龚美菱  李华 《地球科学与环境学报》2007,29(4):362-368

以稀土磷块岩矿床为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体光谱法和质谱法研究了3个代表性样品的基本化学组成,分析了40多个元素的含量,确定了矿物质量分数和赋存状态,研究了稀土元素在其中的分布特征。结果表明,97%以上的稀土元素呈类质同象状态部分置换磷灰石晶格中的Ca2 存在,只有小于3%的稀土元素呈被粘土质等吸附状态或离子交换(吸附)状态存在。  相似文献   

四川甲基卡伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床的成矿时代及其意义   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

王登红  李建康  付小方 《地球化学》2005,34(6):541-547

青藏高原东部是中国仅次于新疆阿尔泰的伟晶岩集中产出的地区之一,也是世界上重要的伟晶岩型稀有金属矿产资源产地,其中的甲基卡矿床是中国最大的伟晶岩型锂多金属矿床.由于地处高原,交通不便,对于该矿床的成因及相关科学问题缺乏系统的研究.根据野外调查和同位素年代学研究,获得的甲基卡稀有金属矿床 134号脉和 104号脉的 Ar- Ar法坪年龄分别为 (195.7± 0.1) Ma和 (198.9± 0.4) Ma,等时线年龄分别为 (195.4± 2.2) Ma和 (199.4± 2.3) Ma.这说明青藏高原东部甘孜-理塘一带的伟晶岩矿床形成于印支运动之后的燕山早期,属于印支旋回强烈造山运动之后相对稳定阶段的产物,或者说甲基卡式的伟晶岩型矿床形成于印支旋回板块碰撞造山运动向燕山-喜马拉雅旋回陆内造山运动演化的过渡时期.这种特点与国内外类似的伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床具有相似性.  相似文献   

中国稀土对外贸易格局演化及影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏启繁  杜德斌  段德忠  孙康 《地理学报》2022,77(4):976-995

从中美贸易摩擦到“科技冷战”以来,被誉为“高科技命脉”的稀土,日益成为国际博弈的前沿领域。在此背景下,厘清中国稀土进出口贸易流动态势、把握中国在国际稀土市场中的地位变动,对中国资源安全格局的整体优化和科技自立自强的长久维持具有一定意义。本文基于2008—2018年中国稀土进出口贸易数据、相关国家社会经济政治指标及联合国投票数据,借助相互依存指数、地缘亲和度模型、GIS空间技术以及负二项面板回归等手段,探讨了中国稀土产品对外贸易格局的演化及影响因素。研究发现：① 中国稀土贸易存在较大波动,出口额远大于进口额,整体呈现“升—降—升”发展态势。② 中国稀土进口市场高度集中且路径依赖增强,出口市场逐步多元且路径依赖减弱。中国主要出口具有较高附加值的中、下游产品,进口具有较低附加值的上游矿物类产品。③ 中国在全球稀土贸易相互依存格局中的优势地位整体强化。中国与多数友好型国家间的相互依存关系呈现优化态势,但与美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等分歧型国家之间的相互依存关系呈现恶化态势。④ 国家主体属性、国家间邻近性以及中国的贸易政策、贸易环境等对中国稀土对外贸易产生重要影响。  相似文献   

热液矿床中萤石的稀土元素地球化学及其地质意义     

孙海瑞  黄智龙  周家喜  冷成彪  甘婷 《岩石矿物学杂志》2014,33(1):185-193

萤石是许多热液矿床中重要的脉石矿物,其稀土元素含量及相关参数（如∑REE、LREE/HREE、Eu/Eu^*、Ce/Ce^*、Y/La、Tb/Ca-Tb/La图解等）,能为揭示成矿流体性质、来源与演化,建立成矿模式,评价区域成矿潜力等提供重要信息。然而,随着微区分析技术的日趋成熟,原位实测数据显示,萤石中微量元素（包括稀土元素）的分配在显微尺度上可能具有不均一性,致使依据萤石溶液法获得的稀土元素含量所反映地质信息的可靠性受到质疑。因此,在应用萤石稀土元素地球化学探讨相关地质问题前,有必要加强萤石微观结构的观察和配套的流体包裹体以及相关同位素组成分析。本文在综述萤石稀土元素地球化学研究基础上,初步探讨了影响萤石稀土元素不均一分配的主要机制,以期为萤石稀土元素在热液矿床成因研究中的应用提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Permian volcanic rocks from the Apuseni Mountains (Romania): Geochemistry and tectonic constraints     

Ionel Nicolae  Ioan Seghedi  Iuliu Boboş  Maria do Rosário Azevedo  Sara Ribeiro  Mihai Tatu 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2014

An Early Permian volcanic assemblage is well exposed in the central-western part of the Apuseni Mountains (Romania). The rocks are represented by rhyolites, basalts and subordinate andesites suggesting a bimodal volcanic activity that is intimately associated with a post-orogenic (Variscan) syn-sedimentary intra-basinal continental molasse sequences. The mafic and mafic-intermediate rocks belong to sub-alkaline tholeiitic series were separated in three groups (I–III) showing a high Th and Pb abundances, depletion in Nb, Ta and Sr, and slightly enriched in LREE patterns (La_N/Yb_N = 1.4–4.4). Isotopically, the rocks of Group I have the initial ratios ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.709351–0.707112, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512490–0.512588 and high positive ?_Nd270 values from 3.9 to 5.80; the rocks of Group II present for the initial ratios values ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.709434–0.710092, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512231–0.512210 and for ?_Nd270 the negative values from −1.17 to −1.56; the rocks of Group III display for the initial ratios the values ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.710751–0.709448, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512347–0.512411 and for ?_Nd270 the positive values from 1.64 to 2.35. The rocks resembling continental tholeiites, suggest a mantle origin and were further affected by fractionation and crustal contamination. In addition, the REE geochemistry (1 > Sm_N/Yb_N < 2.5; 0.9 > La_N/Sm_N < 2.5) suggests that these rocks were generated by high percentage partial melting of a metasomatized mantle in the garnet peridotite facies. The felsic rocks are enriched in Cs, Rb Th and U and depleted in Nb, Ta, Sr, Eu, and Ti. The REE fractionation patterns show a strong negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.23–0.40). The felsic rocks show the initial ratios the values: ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.704096–0.707805, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512012–0.512021 and for ?_Nd270 the negative values from −5.27 to −5.44. They suggest to be generated within the lower crust during the emplacement of mantle-derived magmas that provided necessary heat to crustal partial melting.  相似文献   

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定铜精矿中7种稀有金属元素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

燕娜  赵生国  赵伟  郑红文 《岩矿测试》2014,33(2):197-202

准确快速测定铜精矿中7种稀有金属元素（镓铟锗硒碲铊镧）的分布情况对于铜精矿的综合利用及减少技术性贸易壁垒等方面具有重要意义,因锗和铊等目标元素含量低至10^-7级,要求分析方法具有高灵敏度。本文应用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱方法实现了7种稀有金属元素的快速准确测定。以盐酸-硝酸混合酸（体积比3：2）作为样品的微波消解试剂,选取合适的分析质量、调谐仪器及数学校正方程等三种方式消除质谱干扰。在优化的实验条件下,目标元素加标回收率为80.2%~123.3%,相对标准偏差小于13.4%。硒的检出限为1.3 mg/kg,另外6种目标元素的检出限均低于0.08 mg/kg。本法目标元素的检出限均低于电感耦合等离子体发射光谱或原子吸收光谱法测定相应元素的检出限。该方法降低了试剂空白,简化了操作流程,提高了分析灵敏度,实现了铜精矿目标元素的同时分析。  相似文献