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81.
From July 1981 to July 1982 Umbonium vestiarium (L.) on a north Penang sand shore numbered 573–11 077 m?2 (mean 4126 or 53·1 g dry tissue) near MLWN and 2164–12 414 m?2 (mean 6500 or 59·8 g dry tissue) further downshore. Heavy recruitment of young became evident in June and July 1982 and a closely corresponding cohort of young was present in July 1981. Progression of this cohort indicated that young settling in May–June grew to full size (11–13 mm diameter) by January–March the following year and that virtually all died during their second year, presumably having spawned in March–May. Recruitment of young was chiefly on the lower shore but adults came to be more abundant and predominant on the upper shore. There is some evidence of migration upshore during growth.Production is estimated at 105·4 g dry tissue m?2 y?1 (2118 kj) at the lower shore level and this is almost double the 58·8 g m?2 y?1 (1176·6 kj) at the higher level. These values represent almost the entire secondary production across much of the sand flats.Possible causes of such a marked annual cycle in the very weakly seasonal tropics of the Malacca Strait are considered and it is suggested that monsoonal changes in wind, wave action and salinity might be involved. 相似文献
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Longevity and resilience of Chesapeake Bay striped bass 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
85.
古尔班通古特沙漠南缘心叶驼绒藜种群更新的空间格局 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
心叶驼绒藜（C. ewersmanniana）是干旱区优质牧草和防风固沙植被的主要物种。在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘选择两个200 m×200 m具代表性样地,采用Ripley’s K(d)函数分析了心叶驼绒藜种群更新空间特征以及与群落梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、琵琶柴（Reaumuria soongorica）、新疆绢蒿（Seriphidium kaschgaricum）等三种主要灌木物种间作用关系。发现两个样点心叶驼绒藜大株（繁殖株）的空间分布对后代以及整个种群的空间分布影响极大,两个样点心叶驼绒藜大株、中株均与幼株间呈不同尺度的正关联,全部植株以及幼株都与新疆绢蒿呈正关联,与梭梭呈负关联,与琵琶柴关联性在两个样点结果相反。分析认,为心叶驼绒藜种群更新对成株依赖性极强,空间扩展能力很低。在0—35 m范围内种群更新的空间自相关性明显。四种灌木空间分布关系除受各自生态位决定外,主要受水等环境因素作用。最后对心叶驼绒藜等生态恢复方法提出建议。 相似文献
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The St Lucia Estuarine System, South Africa, has been under pressure due to recent drought conditions, which have led to closure of the mouth, extremely low lake levels and hypersaline conditions. The estuary mouth closed in June 2002 and remained so for almost 5 years before being breached by Cyclone Gamede in May 2007. After mouth closure in August 2007, salinities in South and North Lake gradually increased to reach highs of 68 at the end of 2008, while salinities in the Narrows gradually declined during the study. Fish were sampled biannually during 2006–2008 with seine and gill-nets at six sites throughout the system. A total of 20,422 fish from 72 species were recorded, with the number of species and CPUE gradually decreasing from the Narrows throughout the system to Hells Gate in the upper parts of the system. The fish community was dominated by the freshwater species Oreochromis mossambicus, and two estuarine species, Ambassis ambassis and Hyporamphus capensis. The fish community was dominated in terms of species numbers by marine spawning species, but in terms of fish abundance by freshwater and estuarine breeding species. Recruitment of post-larvae of 20 marine species into the system occurred following opening of the mouth in March 2007, highlighting the importance of the system as a nursery area for marine species. The fish community was structured by spatial differences between sampling areas and between the three main compartments of the system, and not by temporal changes during the study period. 相似文献
90.
Raw material procurement, industrial upgrading and labor recruitment: intermediaries in Indonesia's clothing industry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Markus Hassler 《Geoforum》2004,35(4):441-451
In the literature on global commodity chains (GCCs) the organization of global clothing production has been largely described as a production system of a buyer-driven governance structure. However, despite the fact that buyer-driven commodity chains have been described as relatively loose and short-term, the commitment of buyers towards their individual producers can vary significantly. This largely depends on the way in which buyers are linked to their external production networks by intermediaries such as representative offices or agents. The integration of these intermediaries has a high potential to influence the ways in which the required raw materials inputs are procured and the individual production processes are organised. In addition, the analysis of labor relations and labor recruitment has been largely ignored in previous studies on GCCs. However, cultural and historic setting have a strong influence how intermediaries organize labor recruitment. Therefore, this paper aims to unravel the role of intermediaries on clothing production in terms of raw material procurement, industrial upgrading and labor recruitment. 相似文献