Reef fish structure assemblages in oceanic islands of the eastern tropical Pacific: Revillagigedo Archipelago and Clipperton atoll     

Manon Fourrire  Hctor Reyes‐Bonilla  Cristian Moiss Galvn‐Villa  Arturo Ayala Bocos  Fabin Alejandro Rodríguez‐Zaragoza 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(3)

Revillagigedo Archipelago and Clipperton atoll are oceanic islands located in the eastern tropical Pacific. The composition and trophic structure of their fish assemblages have never been characterized in detail, and the aim of this study was therefore to analyse the community structure and assess the similarity of fish assemblages between these two areas. Underwater visual fish censuses were conducted using band transects at two depth levels in three islands of the Revillagigedo Archipelago (Socorro, San Benedicto, and Roca Partida) and at Clipperton atoll. We calculated ecological indices (density, richness, Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness, and taxonomic distinctiveness) for each transect. These were compared in order to determine quantitative differences among the islands and bathymetric levels. Qualitative analyses (ANOSIM, nMDS, and SIMPER) were also performed. Finally, we analysed the trophic structure of the assemblages and the functional diversity of the four studied sites. The results showed significant differences for all indices, except diversity (H′). Roca Partida was the site with greatest abundance and richness due to the presence of pelagic species in large numbers. No significant differences were found in functional diversity, suggesting a high degree of ecological redundancy. Lower‐level carnivores with mean trophic level values of between 3.3 and 3.8 dominated both areas. The ordination analysis did not show a clear difference in fish composition among the islands, although Clipperton atoll has a particular fauna characterized by endemic species (Thalassoma robertsoni and Stegastes baldwini). In conclusion, the fish communities of the studied areas seem quite similar, but their assemblage structure differs. In particular, Clipperton is differentiated by the influence of endemic species.  相似文献   

基于面向对象的GIS制图数据与建库数据一体化系统的设计与实现     

龚建辉  杨正银  陈中林  刘向东  何昌清 《测绘软科学研究》2012,(5):68-71,74

针对数据生产、建库、使用过程中,制图数据与建库数据矛盾问题,以及各项数据的采集、编辑所具有的工序复杂,工作量大,数据冗余,人工交互多,人为数据错误的可能性大等特点,本文提出基于制图表达的一体化建库模式,通过面向对象技术开发了制图数据与建库数据一体化系统平台,实现数据一体化编辑和数据库一体化管理。  相似文献   

精密单点定位的可靠性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

许长辉  高井祥  周锋  王坚 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(6):709-713

从传统最小二乘的可靠性理论出发,推导了卡尔曼滤波观测方程和预计状态向量的可靠性理论,并与传统多余观测分量的可靠性进行比较。结果表明,两种方案的观测方程的内部可靠性不仅与观测值的精度有关,还与卫星几何结构和卫星高度角有关。卡尔曼滤波的预计状态向量的内部可靠性比观测方程的内部可靠性更易受卫星几何结构的影响。虽然两种方案的外部可靠性在收敛之后都在mm级,但伪距的收敛速度要快于载波相位。  相似文献   

The influence of natural variation in discharge on juvenile brown trout population dynamics in a nursery tributary of the Motueka River,New Zealand     

JW Hayes  DA Olsen  J Hay 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):247-269

The effects of natural flow variation on juvenile brown trout population dynamics were investigated by biannual sampling over 5.5 years in the Rainy River, a tributary of the Motueka River. A large flood in late March (50-year return period) substantially reduced the density (by 66%) and biomass (by 73%) of 0+ trout over autumn–spring, but the cohort responded with compensatory survival to achieve similar density and biomass by spring as in other years. A low-flow event in February–April (return period >8.4 years), when 7-day low flows fell to 56% of the 7-day mean annual low flow (MALF) and were less than the MALF for 46 days, had no adverse affect on the population. We found no evidence for density-dependent growth. However, there was strong evidence for a two-phase self-thinning response in density, with no self-thinning occurring over summer (i.e. the 0+ population remained below carrying capacity) until a threshold mass of 22.08 g (length=123.7 mm) was attained in autumn after which severe self-thinning took place over autumn to spring. The results indicate that over spring–autumn the population is insensitive to flow reduction and that over autumn–spring the effects of high (and probably low) flow events on local abundance and biomass are offset by compensatory (density-dependent) survival. However, effects on the contribution of migrants to the downstream population remain unknown. The study identified ecological redundancy, which could be exploited for flow allocation. Significantly, it has shown that minimum flows equivalent to the MALF (often advocated by New Zealand conservation and fisheries management organisations) are not always necessary for sustaining juvenile trout populations.  相似文献   

南海多维海洋资料非线性检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

魏恩泊  宋金宝  田纪伟 《海洋与湖沼》2003,34(1):109-114

利用多维物理参量信息余量函数的非线性检测方法对南海水温、气温及风速（侯采样间隔）之间的非线性结构进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明，南海气温和风速之间具有明显的非线性；水温与风速之间不具有明显的非线性，仅具有琐碎非线性；水温与气温之间在定性方面具有非线性特征；水温、气温及风速组成的三维系统具有琐碎非线性。因而气温和风速之间的非线性结构使南海海气相互作用加强。另外，风速在南海海气非线性相互作用中起着重要作用。  相似文献   

The impact of the Laacher See Tephra on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the Black Forest,southern germany     

A. F. Lotter  H. J. B. Birks 《第四纪科学杂志》1993,8(3):263-276

Late-glacial lake sediments containing the Laacher See Tephra (LST, 11000 yr BP) have been analysed for pollen and diatoms at two sites (Hirschenmoor, Rotmeer) in the montane belt of the Black Forest (southern Germany) in order to detect the possible impact of this major volcanic eruption on terrestrial and aquatic biota. The pollen assemblages at both sites show a minor increase in grasses and sedges following the tephra deposition, whereas the pollen of aquatic macrophytes do not show any consistent pattern. Partial redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo permutation tests suggest, however, that the LST had no statistically significant effect either on the terrestrial or aquatic pollen assemblages at either site when the effects of time and climatic change are allowed for statistically. The diatom assemblages at both sites changed after the deposition of the LST and diatominferred pH estimates suggest a short but non-significant excursion towards lower values. Multivariate analyses of the diatom data indicate a statistically significant impact of the deposition of the LST and associated changes in sediment lithology on the diatom assemblages when the effects of climatic change and time are allowed for statistically. However, owing to the interaction between tephra and lithology it is not possible to conclude if the diatom changes were caused by the deposition of the LST or by lithological changes.  相似文献   

琼东海域今生颗石藻群落研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘海娇  孙军  冯媛媛 《海洋学报》2015,37(12):27-40

通过2012年7、8月在南海北部陆架琼东上升流区域的水文、化学和生物的现场综合采样调查,对采集过滤的今生颗石藻膜样在偏振光显微镜下鉴种并统计细胞丰度,分析了夏季该海域的颗石藻群落结构特征及分布规律。结果表明,夏季琼东上升流区共检出今生颗石藻34种,优势物种有赫氏艾密里藻(Emiliania huxleyi)、大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica)、纤细伞球藻(Umbellosphaera tenuis)、卡特螺旋球藻(Helicosphaera carteri)、地中海花冠球藻(Coronosphaera mediterranea)等,颗石粒细胞丰度介于0~2 040.23×103粒/L,平均值8.10×103粒/L,颗石球丰度介于0~68.90×103cells/L,平均值5.01×103 cells/L。大多数颗石藻集中分布在上升流信号强的水体中。琼东中部水域的生物多样性指数H′较雷州半岛以东水域高,颗石粒群落的均匀度指数J分布与H′呈镶嵌模式。聚类Cluster和多维定标MDS结果,将颗石粒和颗石球群落各分成4个和5个组群,经相似性分析(ANOSIM)检验证明此种划分是显著的。将生物与海区环境因子进行冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)结果表明,N/P、PO3-4、NO-2和SiO2-3是影响本次调查的今生颗石藻生物群落的主控因子。  相似文献   

Assessment of reliability in water distribution networks using entropy based measures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. Awumah  I. Goulter  S. K. Bhatt 《Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics》1990,4(4):309-320

Entropy based expressions for measurement of reliability and redundancy have recently been reported. These measures approach assessment of the reliability of the distribution network from the intrinsic redundancy of the network layout. The paper extends earlier work on entropy functions by including a more explicit statement of the alternate paths available in the network and by recognizing that under certain circumstances, e.g., failure of some part of the network work, an outflow link from a node under normal working condition may become an inflow link to the same node. The measures are assessed by comparison with parameters measuring Nodal Pair Reliability and percentage of flow supplied at adequate pressure for a range of networks and link failure conditions in this networks. The entropy measures are shown to reflect changes in the network reliability, as measured by these two comparative parameters, very well.  相似文献   

改进的边折叠三角网简化优化算法研究     

张立朝  陈引川  余琳琳 《测绘科学》2006,31(6):54-55,53

本文提出了一种改进的“边折叠”模型三角网简化算法。该算法通过对误差变量的选择,建立了有效的边“折叠价值”计算公式对简化进行局部误差控制。算法很好地解决了约束型狄洛尼三角网中的数据冗余问题,提高了三维模型数据的传输速度和显示的实时性,最后利用单侧豪斯道夫距离给出了模型简化前后整体的误差变化。  相似文献   

Building more realistic reservoir optimization models using data mining - A case study of Shelbyville Reservoir   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mohamad I. HejaziXiming Cai 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(6):701-717

In this paper, we promote a novel approach to develop reservoir operation routines by learning from historical hydrologic information and reservoir operations. The proposed framework involves a knowledge discovery step to learn the real drivers of reservoir decision making and to subsequently build a more realistic (enhanced) model formulation using stochastic dynamic programming (SDP). The enhanced SDP model is compared to two classic SDP formulations using Lake Shelbyville, a reservoir on the Kaskaskia River in Illinois, as a case study. From a data mining procedure with monthly data, the past month’s inflow (Q_t−1), current month’s inflow (Q_t), past month’s release (R_t−1), and past month’s Palmer drought severity index (PDSI_t−1) are identified as important state variables in the enhanced SDP model for Shelbyville Reservoir. When compared to a weekly enhanced SDP model of the same case study, a different set of state variables and constraints are extracted. Thus different time scales for the model require different information. We demonstrate that adding additional state variables improves the solution by shifting the Pareto front as expected while using new constraints and the correct objective function can significantly reduce the difference between derived policies and historical practices. The study indicates that the monthly enhanced SDP model resembles historical records more closely and yet provides lower expected average annual costs than either of the two classic formulations (25.4% and 4.5% reductions, respectively). The weekly enhanced SDP model is compared to the monthly enhanced SDP, and it shows that acquiring the correct temporal scale is crucial to model reservoir operation for particular objectives.  相似文献