胶州湾冲淤灾害地质及环境稳定性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘运令  汪亚平  高建华  贾建军  夏小明  李炎 《地理研究》2011,30(7):1169-1177

通过对胶州湾1936～2002年4期海图的地形对比和1986年、2007年2期Landsat-5TM影像的对比,分析了近70多年来胶州湾的冲淤灾害地质形势。根据胶卅I湾近百年来的沉积速率特征将其冲淤灾害形势划分为9类,结果表明：胶州湾在1936～1963年间总体呈现轻微淤积态势,但显浪-红岛连线以东区域（含沧口水道）以...  相似文献   

乐清湾港区“浅水深用”开发方案的可行性分析     

陈春  陈剑钢  王顺中 《海洋学研究》2010,28(2):90-96

从建港条件、港池正常回淤和港池骤淤等方面,综合分析了乐清湾港区采取"浅水深用"开发方案的技术可行性。研究表明,乐清湾港区采取"浅水深用"开发建设是可行的,乐清湾港池骤淤可能性不大。对乐清湾港区"浅水深用"开发方案的几个关键技术问题进行了探讨:一是码头前沿线的确定,这不仅直接关系到码头投资和营运成本,还对今后乐清湾其它工程产生较大的影响。运用全寿命周期成本理念,通过对建设投资、疏浚方量、维护成本、营运成本等方面的比较与分析以及对码头前沿线位置进行模型试验研究和多方案比选后认为,码头前沿线采用400 m栈桥方案是最为经济合理的。二是港池大开挖技术方式合理确定。为减少港池回淤,开挖方式应采取非坑槽开挖,港池与深槽连通,南、北码头区港池疏浚连通。三是港池疏浚土资源综合利用。在港池开挖和维护中,要贯彻循环经济理念,加强对港池疏浚废土的综合利用。结合港区围垦陆域工程的实施、港池疏浚吹填和软基处理,对港池疏浚泥进行资源化利用,既解决沿海大量废弃疏浚泥的处理问题,又可避免疏浚泥对环境的污染。四是港池维护措施的制定。乐清湾港区港池开挖后,港池的骤淤量虽不大,但港池开挖后采取维护措施是必要的,应考虑经济合理的备淤深度,以减少开挖方量和维护量。五是固滩护滩措施的制定。考虑到双屿港开闸泄水对港区回淤的影响,对双屿港南侧滩地采取必要的固滩护滩措施,遏制或减少双屿港开闸泄水对滩地泥沙的掀动作用。六是应结合乐清湾港池疏浚与吹填工程,加强现场监测,进一步验证前期科研成果的准确性和可靠性。监测资料分析表明,前期科研成果的准确性和可靠性是有保证的。  相似文献   

Spatial soil loss risk and reservoir siltation in semi-arid Tunisia     

Sihem Jebari  Ronny Berndtsson  Akissa Bahri  Mohamed Boufaroua 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):121-137

Abstract

Soil erosion vulnerability and extreme rainfall characteristics over the Mediterranean semi-arid region of Tunisia are crucial input for estimation of siltation rate in artificial reservoirs. A comprehensive high-resolution database on erosive rainfall, together with siltation records for 28 small reservoirs, were analysed for this region, the Tunisian Dorsal (the easternmost part of the Atlas Mountains). The general life-span of these reservoirs is only about 14 years. Depending on the soil degradation in the different catchments, the corresponding reservoirs display a wide range of soil erosion rates. The average soil loss was 14.5 t ha^?1 year^?1 but some catchments display values of up to 36.4 t ha^?1 year^?1. The maximum 15-min duration rainfall intensity was used to determine the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity. The northwestern parts of the Tunisian Dorsal display the most extreme rainfall erosivity. Spatial erosion patterns are to some extent similar; however, they vary greatly according to their location in the “soil degradation cycle”. This cycle determines the soil particle delivery potential of the catchment. In general, the northwestern parts of the Dorsal display modest soil erosion patterns due to the already severely degraded soil structure. Here, the soil surface is often the original bedrock. However, the greatest soil erosion occurs in the mid-eastern parts of the Dorsal, which represents the “degradation front”. The latter corresponds to the area with highest erosion, which is continuously progressing westward in the Dorsal. The large variation between the erosive rainfall events and the annual soil loss rates was explained by two important factors. The first relates to the soil degradation cycle. The second factor corresponds to the degradation front with the highest soil loss rates. At present this front is located at 300 m altitude and appears to be moving along an 80-km westward path starting from the east coast. A better understanding of the above can be used to better manage soils and soil covers in the Tunisian Dorsal area and, eventually, to decrease the soil erosion and reservoir siltation risk.

Citation Jebari, S., Berndtsson, R., Bahri, A. & Boufaroua, M. (2010) Spatial soil loss risk and reservoir siltation in semi-arid Tunisia. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(1), 121–137.  相似文献   

Present-day sediment dynamics of the Sanaga catchment (Cameroon): from the total suspended sediment (TSS) to erosion balance     

J.R. Ndam Ngoupayou  J.G. Dzana  A. Kpoumie  R. Tanwi Ghogomu  A. Fouepe Takounjou  J.J. Braun 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1080-1093

ABSTRACT

Total suspended sediment (TSS) data for 1960–1970 and from recent investigations (1990–2000) are used to evaluate the variability in sediment yield of the Sanaga catchment (Cameroon) and the equivalent rates of erosion. At the annual and seasonal time scales, total suspended sediment concentrations for the Mbam sub-catchment are three to four times higher than for the Sanaga basin, reflecting the higher sensitivity of the former to erosion. Classical clockwise hysteresis loops are observed in both sub-catchments, despite a significant increase in human-induced catchment changes. At the multi-year time frame (over a 40-year period), it appears that the second half of the 1990s is marked by a downward trend in TSS. This shift is due to the control infrastructures (river impoundments and ponds) installed in certain parts of the whole catchment, combined with a drop in annual rainfall and river discharge.