火焰发射光谱法测定卤水中铷和铯   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何文鉴  赵海英王慧 郑民奇 《岩矿测试》2005,24(2):148-150

选择LaCl3 作电离缓冲剂,用火焰发射光谱法测定卤水中的Rb和Cs,有效地降低了基体干扰,提高了方法的灵敏度。方法的测定下限为: 18μg/LRb, 1. 8μg/LCs;加标回收率在92. 4% ~105. 0%。方法用于实际样品分析,结果与KCl电离缓冲剂原子吸收光谱法相吻合,且减少了预先测定K 的操作。对卤水样品中Rb和Cs11次平行测定,计算方法的RSD分别为5. 78%和8. 11%。  相似文献   

青海共和盆地土壤风蚀的137Cs法研究(Ⅱ)——137Cs背景值与风蚀速率测定   总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11  

严平  董光荣  张信宝  邹学勇 《中国沙漠》2003,23(4):391-397

通过对高寒草原背景值样点(RS7)的分析,将共和盆地的¹³⁷Cs背景值含量确定为(2691.78±196.08) Bq·m^-2,基本接近北半球¹³⁷Cs背景值的平均水平,其¹³⁷Cs剖面满足尖峰分布函数,与公认的理论分布(即负指数分布)相比,呈现出峰值下移和曲线趋平的现象,可能与近几十年来¹³⁷Cs的稳定下渗有关。应用¹³⁷Cs背景值剖面分布函数,建立了风蚀速率的¹³⁷Cs估算模型,估算出四个样方的土壤风蚀速率,并由此转化为区域风蚀速率,计算出共和盆地区域土壤风蚀速率为12.556 t·hm^-2·a^-1,通过蚀积平衡检验,其误差水平小于10%。并分析了风蚀物的输出途径及其所占比例。  相似文献   

Determination of 137Cs reference inventories in a large-scale region: A case study in the central-eastern Inner Mongolia Plateau     

Yunfeng Hu  Jiyuan Liu  Batunacun  Lin Zhen 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(6):1047-1059

In isotope 137 Cs tracing studies, it is a premise to determine suitable 137 Cs reference inventory（CRI） plots and the CRI values. Owing to the heterogeneous spatial distribution of 137 Cs deposition in the ground and diverse, or even irregular, operations in sampling and testing procedures, CRI determination is usually faced with many difficulties and uncertainties. In addition, more difficulties occur in an investigation of a large-scale region because of time constraints and measurement cost limitations. In this study, traditional CRI acquiring methods were summarized first, and then a new complex scheme was established, involving seven core steps and coupling the model estimate and sample measurement. The above CRI determination methodology was implemented in the central-eastern Inner Mongolia Plateau. The case study results showed that the CRI in the dark chestnut soil sub-region, located in the east and south of Xing＇an City, exhibited 2447 Bq·m–2; the CRI in the aeolian sandy soil sub-region, positioned in the south central Tongliao City and central Chifeng City, showed 2430 Bq·m–2; the CRI in the sandy chernozem soil sub-region, situated in the northwestern Chifeng City, presented 2384 Bq·m–2; and the CRI in the chestnut soil sub-region, in the southern Xilin Gol City, was 2368 Bq·m–2. The newly proposed CRI determination scheme was proved effective, and the determined CRI plots and CRI values were convincing. The methodology offered a framework for 137 Cs tracing studies in large-scale regions or long-distance transects.  相似文献   

洼地沉积的^137Cs法断代测定森林砍伐后的喀斯特小流域土壤流失量   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张信宝  白晓永  刘秀明 《中国科学:地球科学》2011,41(2):265-271

贵州喀斯特高原的毁林开荒往往引起严重的土壤侵蚀.喀斯特洼地沉积泥沙的^137Cs断代用以调查贵州普定石人寨小流域1979年森林破坏后的坡地地表侵蚀的土壤流失量.该小流域集水面积0.054km^2,洼地面积2652m^2,2009年采集的洼地5个孔的顶层和峰值层的137Cs平均浓度分别为2.35和7.25Bq·kg^-1,峰值层的深度介于84-113.5cm之间,平均深度为92.1cm.1979年以来的沉积泥沙的总体积和总重量分别为1965m3和2496t.洼地底部可视为一暂时性蓄水体,确定的泥沙输移比为0.7,1979年以来的坡地平均土壤侵蚀速率为2315t·km^-2·a^-1.5个孔的137Cs平均面积活度7693Bq·m^-2,为本底值782Bq·m^-2的9.8倍.洼地泥沙的137Cs总量为20.4×10^6Bq,1954年以来坡地的137Cs平均流失量为358Bq·m^-2,相当于本底值的45.8%.由于森林破坏和随后的垦殖期的之前和之后,流域坡地土壤侵蚀并不强烈,估计石人寨小流域1979-1990期间的坡地侵蚀速率可能高达7000t·km^-2·a^-1.  相似文献   

国外原子时频最新进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘峰  翟造成 《天文学进展》2002,20(3):201-210

概述了传统原子频标的现状，以及新型原子频标和国际原子时的研究进展，介绍了为适应高精度新型频标和国际原子时的比对需要而开展的远程时频传递技术。  相似文献   

光抽运铯原子束频标的二级多普勒频移研究     

张军海 《天文学进展》2006,24(3):277-284

结合光抽运铯束频标的具体结构,论证了用余弦傅里叶逆变换的方法推导原子速度分布的可行性;用该理论对实验系统测量的Ramsey花样进行了分析,得到铯束管中有效原子真实的速度分布,该速度分布与铯束管的具体结构对速度的要求相一致;通过速度分布精确计算了影响光抽运铯束频标准确度的重要因素——二级多普勒频移,其大小为-3．5×10-13。  相似文献   

白云岩喀斯特侵蚀坡地的~(137)Cs法研究     

何永彬  李豪 《云南地理环境研究》2015,(2):1-6

在黔南峰丛洼地区林间白云岩坡地应用137Cs法研究土壤侵蚀。4个坡面采样样方的137Cs面积浓度都低于137Cs本底值浓度;表土样137Cs浓度随着坡长增加而增大,全样137Cs面积浓度的顺坡变化呈逐步下降趋势;应用137Cs农耕地侵蚀模型计算获得样点土壤侵蚀量后,加以坡长加权平均计算获得的坡长权重土壤位移量为2.045 t/(km2·a)。同时在坡脚的土壤分层剖面中的137Cs浓度峰值在土壤次表层出现,随着深度增加呈指数递减变化,属于未受耕作扰动的无侵蚀非农耕地,但表层含有相对低浓度137Cs是坡面侵蚀泥沙的搬运堆积结果,估算距1963年以来侵蚀泥沙年平均堆积厚度为0.0682~0.1364 cm/a。坡地土壤侵蚀速率远小于以往贵州喀斯特地区典型喀斯特小流域和坡地的观测结果,但坡脚泥沙堆积速率远大于坡地土壤侵蚀速率。表明季节性暴雨、坡面降雨汇流和耕作侵蚀等侵蚀作用使喀斯特坡地土壤颗粒出现微距离位移,长期则在坡脚出现显著的侵蚀泥沙堆积。  相似文献   

A comparison of measured 137Cs and excess 210Pb levels in the cultivated brown and cinnamon soils of the Yimeng Mountain area     

Yunqi Zhang  Yi Long  Xingxiu Yu  Juan An 《中国地球化学学报》2014,33(2):155-162

This contribution analyzes the similarities and differences between the measured activities of 137Cs and excess 210pb （210Pbex） in the cultivated brown and cinnamon soils of the Yimeng Mountain area, discusses the influ- ence of soil texture on the measurement of 210Pbex, and presents differences between the two types of soils. Fields A and B were selected to represent the fields that contain cultivated brown and cinnamon soils, respectively. From either study field, one site of sectioned core and six bulk cores were collected to measure 137Cs levels, 210Pbex levels, and the particle-size composition of soil samples. Three undisturbed soil samples were collected to measure capillary and aeration porosities. The 137Cs inventories for the two study fields are very similar. The 137Cs is a man-made ra- dionuclide, which means that its measured levels for soils are unaffected by soil texture. In contrast, levels of the naturally occurring 210Pbex of soils from Field A were lower than those of Field B by about 50%. In contrast to aquatic sediments, levels of 210Pbex in terrestrial surface soils are affected by the emanation of 222Rn from the soils. It can be assumed that the coarser the soils, the greater the emanation of 222Rn; in addition, the lower the measured 210pbex, the greater the underestimate of this value. The cultivated brown soils in Field A are coarser than the culti- vated cinnamon soils in Field B. As a result, 222Rn in Field A will diffuse more easily into the atmosphere than that in Field B. As a consequence, the measured 210pbex in soils from Field A is much lower than the actual value, whereas the value measured for Field B is much closer to the actual value.  相似文献   

福岛第一核电站事故及核污水排海进入中国海路径及其影响     

吴俊文  陈吉生  赵化德  王翠 《海洋科学》2022,46(6):135-144

自2011年3月日本福岛第一核电站事故发生以来,其对中国海的影响一直备受国内高度关注。基于近10年的研究成果,本文综述了福岛第一核电站事故释放的放射性核素进入中国海的海洋传输路径主要为表层环流和模态水(亚热带模态水和中央模态水),经表层环流和模态水到达中国海的时间尺度分别在10—15年和2—3年之间。对比分析福岛第一核电站事故前后可知:南海¹³⁷Cs活度持平,黄海¹³⁷Cs活度稍有降低,但东海¹³⁷Cs活度有所升高。鉴于目前有限的监测站位和短期的观测时间,福岛第一核电站事故对中国海的影响程度大小还有待于长期监测和进一步的评估。同时针对日本政府宣布福岛第一核电站核污水排海计划,分析了其潜在的风险和指出了未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

137Cs and 210Pbex as soil erosion tracers in the hilly Sichuan Basin and the Three Gorges area of China     

Zhonglin Shi  Anbang Wen  Xinbao Zhang  Xiubin He  Hao Li  Dongchun Yan 《山地科学学报》2012,9(1):27-33

Accelerated soil erosion and land degradation represent major environmental problems for agricultural lands.Reliable information on the rates of soil loss is urgently needed.The traditional techniques for documenting rates of soil loss may meet this need,but face many limitations.The fallout radionuclides,especially 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex,are increasingly used as effective tracers to quantify soil erosion rates,and they represent a valuable complement to the existing classical methods.This paper aims to introduce the basis for assessing soil erosion rates on cultivated and uncultivated slopes by using 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex measurements,to compare the 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex reference inventories,and to report several case studies undertaken in the hilly area of Sichuan Basin and the Three Gorges area of China.  相似文献