Climatic Changes Dominant Interannual Trend in Net Primary Productivity of Alpine Vulnerable Ecosystems     

YANG Yihan  WANG Junbang  LIU Peng  LU Guangxin  LI Yingnian 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(4):379-388

The Three-River Headwaters (TRH), which is the source area of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River, is vulnerable and sensitive, and its alpine ecosystem is considered an important barrier for China’s ecological security. Understanding the impact of climate changes is essential for determining suitable measures for ecological environmental protection and restoration against the background of global climatic changes. However, different explanations of the interannual trends in complex alpine ecosystems have been proposed due to limited availability of reliable data and the uncertainty of the model itself. In this study, the remote sensing-process coupled model (GLOPEM-CEVSA) was used to estimate the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation in the TRH region from 2000 to 2012. The estimated NPP significantly and linearly correlated with the above-ground biomass sampled in the field (the multiple correlative coefficient R² = 0.45, significant level P < 0.01) and showed better performance than the MODIS productivity product, i.e. MOD17A3, (R² = 0.21). The climate of TRH became warmer and wetter during 1990-2012, and the years 2000 to 2012 were warmer and wetter than the years1990-2000. Responding to the warmer and wetter climate, the NPP had an increasing trend of 13.7 g m^-2 (10 yr)^-1 with a statistical confidence of 86% (P = 0.14). Among the three basins, the NPP of the Yellow River basin increased at the fastest rate of 17.44 g m^-2 (10 yr)^-1 (P = 0.158), followed by the Yangtze River basin, and the Lancang River, which was the slowest with a rate of 12.2 g m^-2 (10 yr)^-1 and a statistical confidence level of only 67%. A multivariate linear regression with temperature and precipitation as the independent variables and NPP as the dependent variable at the pixel level was used to analyze the impacts of climatic changes on the trend of NPP. Both temperature and precipitation can explain the interannual variability of 83% in grassland NPP in the whole region, and can explain high, medium and low coverage of 78%, 84% and 83%, respectively, for grassland in the whole region. The results indicate that climate changes play a dominant role in the interannual trend of vegetation productivity in the alpine ecosystems on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This has important implications for the formulation of ecological protection and restoration policies for vulnerable ecosystems against the background of global climate changes.  相似文献   

Climate informed monthly streamflow forecasts for the Brazilian hydropower network using a periodic ridge regression model     

Carlos H.R. Lima  Upmanu Lall 《Journal of Hydrology》2010,380(3-4):438-449

  相似文献   

侏罗系、白垩系界线问题及对中国北方陆相界线的思考     

万晓樵  高莲凤  覃祚焕  崔璨  李玮  席党鹏 《地学前缘》2016,23(6):312-322

侏罗系、白垩系间是显生宙唯一还没有定义系级GSSP的界线。生物演替在Thithonian期与Berriasian期之间不存在明显变化,很难找到可以进行全球对比的标志。作为中生代生物年代地层学主要划分依据的菊石类生物,亦受生物区系影响而难作为侏罗系、白垩系界线的标志。微体化石具有优势。近期,国际上趋于将瓮虫类Calpionella alpina带之底、钙质超微化石Nannoconus steinmannii minor和N.kamptneri minor二者的始现面作为侏罗系、白垩系界线,对应于极性带M19n.2n内部,年龄为145 Ma。国际地层划分与对比以海相为标准。中国侏罗系、白垩系以陆相地层发育为特征,与海相对比颇具难度。以陆相生物为标志的界线划分产生了地区性的生物年代地层格架,也形成了地方生物地层与国际年代地层对比的错位,导致中国陆相侏罗系、白垩系界线成为地学界争议的问题。本文认为,在综合考虑不同学科研究结果的同时,问题解决的实质是客观认识陆相生物对比的缺陷,结合考虑非生物的标准,如磁性地层、旋回地层和同位素测年的精度,获得超越相区的对比结果。基于陆相生物特点,着眼于宏观演化阶段来识别界线位置是问题解决的初期阶段。燕辽生物群与热河生物群是代表侏罗纪和白垩纪的两大生物演化类群,其间年龄可为土城子组顶部的139 Ma。这是为全方位研究而铺设的临时工作界线。今后将土城子组作为侏罗纪、白垩纪过渡地层而加大研究力度,有可能在该组顶部或其内部发现界线生物标志和同层位绝对年龄值,或许会使其向目前国际推荐年龄(145 Ma)更靠近一步;也不排除GSSP未定的国际侏罗系、白垩系界线年龄会向年轻方向变化,趋于139 Ma的Valanginian阶底界位置。  相似文献   

An exploratory analysis of vegetation strategies to reduce shallow landslide activity on loess hillslopes,Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

HU Xia-song  BRIERLEY Gary  ZHU Hai-li  LI Guo-rong  FU Jiang-tao  MAO Xiao-qing  YU Qin-qin  QIAO Na 《山地科学学报》2013,10(4):668-686

Heavy summer rainfall induces significant soil erosion and shallow landslide activity on the loess hillslopes of the Xining Basin at the northeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This study examines the mechanical effects of five native shrubs that can be used to reduce shallow landslide activity. We measured single root tensile resistance and shear resistance, root anatomical structure and direct shear and triaxial shear for soil without roots and five root- soil composite systems. Results show that Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. possessed the strongest roots, followed by Caragana korshinskii Kom., Zygophyllum xanthoxylon (Bunge) Maxim., Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. and Lycium chinense Mill. Single root strength and shear resistance relationships with root diameter are characterized by power or exponential relations, consistent with the Mohr- Coulomb law. Root mechanical strength reflects their anatomical structure, especially the percentage of phloem and xylem cells, and the degree and speed of periderm lignifications. The cohesion force of root- soil composite systems is notably higher than that of soil without roots, with increasing amplitudes of cohesion force for A. canescens, C. korshinskii, Z. xanthoxylon, N. tangutorum and L. chinense of 75.9%, 75.1%, 36.2%, 24.6% and 17.0 % respectively. When subjected to shear forces, the soil without root samples show much greater lateral deformation thanthe root-soil composite systems, reflecting the restraining effects of roots. Findings from this paper indicate that efforts to reduce shallow landslides in this region by enhancing root reinforcement will be achieved most effectively using A. canescens and C. korshinskii.  相似文献   

Topographic influence on wetland distribution and change in Maduo County, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jay GAO  Gary BRIERLEY 《山地科学学报》2012,9(3):362-371

Accurate information on the spatial distribution and temporal change of wetlands is vital to devise effective measures for their protection. This study uses satellite images in 1994 and 2001 to assess the effects of topography and proximity to channels on wetland change in Maduo County on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, western China. In 1994 wetlands in the study area extended over 6,780.0 km2. They were distributed widely throughout the county, with a higher concentration in the south, and were especially prominent close to streams. The pattern of wetlands demonstrated a bell-shaped distribution curve with elevation, ranging over hill slopes with gradients from 0-19°, the commonest gradient being around 3°. Although the aspects of these hill slopes range over all directions, there is a lower concentration of wetlands facing east and southeast. The extent of wetlands in 2001 decreased to 6,181.1 km2. Marked spatial differentiation in the pattern of wetlands is evident, as their area increased by 1,193.3 km2 at lower elevations but decreased by 1,792.2 km2 at higher ground, resulting in a net decrease of 598.8 km2. In areas with a gradient <2° or >9° the area of wetlands remained approximately consistent from 1994-2001. Newly retained wetlands are situated in relatively flat lowland areas, with no evident preference in terms of aspect. Wetlands on north-, east- and northeast-facing hillslopes with a bearing of 1-86° were more prone to loss of area than other orientations. The altered pattern of wetland distribution from higher to lower elevation on north-facing slopes coincided with the doubling of annual temperature during the same period, suggesting that climate warming could be an important cause.  相似文献   

Co-precipitation of Sr2+ and Ba2+ with aragonite by membrane diffusion of CO2 between 10 and 50 °C     

《Chemical Geology》2004,203(1-2):139-151

Aragonite is precipitated by a new CO₂-diffusion technique from a Ca²⁺–Mg²⁺–Cl⁻ solution between 10 and 50 °C. Crystallisation of aragonite instead of calcite occurs by maintaining a [Mg²⁺]/[Ca²⁺] ratio of 2 in the fluid. The dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is received by diffusion of CO₂ through a polyethylene membrane (diffusion coefficient: D_CO2=10^−6.4 cm² s⁻¹ at 19 °C). It is suggested that significant amounts of DIC may be transferred by diffusion of CO₂ in natural systems if the CO₂ gradient is high. The CO₂-diffusion technique is used as a kind of simple mixed flow reactor for the co-precipitation of barium and strontium with aragonite. The distribution coefficients of Ba²⁺ and Sr²⁺ decrease from 10 to 50 °C according to D_Ba,a*=2.42−0.03595T (°C) and D_Sr,a*=1.32−0.005091T (°C). At 25 °C, the distribution coefficients are D_Ba,a*=1.5±0.1 and D_Sr,a*=1.19±0.03. The effect of temperature on D_Ba,a* is about one order of magnitude higher versus that on D_Sr,a*. Thus, Ba²⁺ may be a potential paleotemperature indicator if the composition of the solution is known.  相似文献   

青海三江北段拉地贡玛地区印支期花岗岩地球化学特征及地质意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李善平  李延京  任华  林浩  金婷婷  窦永斌 《中国地质调查》2016,3(1):35-43

拉地贡玛地区花岗岩处于金沙江缝合带内,区域上隶属西金乌兰—金沙江缝合带的物质组成部分,在研究区属通天河构造岩浆岩带。据出露岩石类型,将其划分为3个单元: 拉地贡玛花岗闪长岩(T₃γδ)、日阿日曲石英闪长岩(T₃δο)、缅切英云闪长岩(T₃δi)。岩浆侵位时代为晚三叠世; 侵入岩体是以高硅富铝、多碱质和挥发组分为特征的兼具I型和S型花岗岩,属过铝质花岗岩; 轻重稀土分馏程度明显,轻稀土富集,Eu、Ce呈弱负异常,Rb、Th、Ba等元素富集,Y、Yb、Cr等元素亏损,具I型和S型花岗岩的特点,与火山弧钙碱性花岗岩特征相似。研究区花岗岩形成构造环境与晚三叠世多彩—当江构造混杂带的俯冲作用有关,是与俯冲汇聚构造环境有关的大陆碰撞弧型花岗岩。  相似文献   

青海共和盆地达连海湖泊流域的表土孢粉研究     

李国荣  陈英玉  Maria Velez  韩丽蓉  蔡遥  王涛 《冰川冻土》2014,36(3):599-607

对青海共和盆地内的达连海湖泊流域54个样点进行植被调查及表土花粉分析,研究了植被与表土花粉之间的关系. 结果显示： 表土花粉组合可反映出该区植被的总体特征;达连海湖泊流域花粉沉积来源于整个流域植被,花粉与主要植被类型之间相关性良好,但不能完全反映出群落的建群种、优势种和盖度等. 蒿属和藜科花粉具有超代表性,禾本科表现为低代表性,蒿/藜比具有区域植被生态特点与气候指示意义,在不同的植被区域A/C变化明显;影响达连海湖泊流域表土花粉组合的主要控制因素是风力作用.  相似文献   

青海湖东克土沙区风沙运动规律及防治对策   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张登山  张佩  吴汪洋  田丽慧 《中国沙漠》2016,36(2):274-280

起沙风况、输沙势和输沙量是反映风沙活动强度的3个重要指标。以青海湖东克土流沙区的风况资料为依据,结合实地风沙观测数据,分析了区域的风沙活动特征。结果表明:(1)3\,4\,5月(主要风沙活动期)起沙风出现的比率分别是0.40、0.47\,0.53,起沙风速集中于6~16 m·s^-1,占统计时段的91%,高能起沙风速(达到16 m·s^-1及其以上的风速)集中在16:00-20:00。(2)研究区域总体上属于高能风况环境,3月和5月输沙势的风向变率都小于0.3,表明风向变幅大,风能不集中,对于沙区周围公路和草原的危害从不同的方向推进。(3)观测期间各方位输沙量总和为503.67 kg,NE、ENE、E和ESE 4个方位的输沙量最大,占总输沙量的43.56%。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地盐湖区盐生植物根土复合体抗剪强度试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

虎啸天  余冬梅  付江涛  胡夏嵩  赵丹  栗岳洲  李光莹  朱海丽 《冰川冻土》2015,37(6):1579-1590

本研究选取柴达木盆地内大柴旦盐湖南岸5种优势草本盐生植物, 即赖草(Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvel.)、海韭菜(Triglochin maritimum L.)、毛穗赖草(Leymus paboanus (Claus) Pilger)、芦苇(Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud)、无脉苔草(Carex enervis C. A. Mey.)等作为试验供试种, 采用由地表向下分层制取根-土复合体试样的方法, 分别对区内5种植物根-土复合体和不含根系素土试样进行了直剪试验. 试验结果表明, 根-土复合体的粘聚力c值由地表向下呈逐渐降低趋势, 且赖草、毛穗赖草、无脉苔草3种草本植物平均粘聚力c值由表层的14.83 kPa逐渐降至下层的6.23 kPa, 海韭菜、芦苇2种草本植物平均粘聚力c值则由表层的15.62 kPa逐渐降至下层的11.83 kPa; 根-土复合体的粘聚力c值由表层至下层呈逐渐降低, 其主要与根-土复合体中的根面积比和含根量由表层至下层呈逐渐降低具有密切关系; 5种草本植物根-土复合体内的摩擦角φ值未表现出一定的规律性. 根-土复合体在50 kPa、100 kPa、200 kPa、300 kPa垂直压力下的抗剪强度均大于相应素土的抗剪强度, 与不含根素土相比, 5种草本根系在地表以下的上层、中层、下层等3层对土体粘聚力增幅为40.7%~875.6%, 体现了5种草本植物对浅层土体具有显著加筋作用.  相似文献