东昆仑夏日哈木超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床成矿特征     

张照伟  王亚磊  邵继  李文渊 《矿床地质》2021,40(6):1230-1247

超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床的形成多与大陆裂谷或地幔柱活动密切相关,是何种机制促使深部幔源金属元素超常富集于东昆仑造山带而形成超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床呢?文章通过剖析夏日哈木岩体及矿体基本特征,发现赋矿岩体整体呈东宽西窄的楔状体,以富集轻稀土元素、贫重稀土元素以及Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素的亏损为特征,镍钴矿体主要富集于辉石岩和橄榄岩中,西段矿石富,东段矿石贫,矿石品位与橄榄石含量呈正相关关系.精细矿物学研究发现,寄主矿物"巨型"斜方辉石所包裹的橄榄石Fo值及Ni含量从核部到边部均增高,揭示含矿岩相侵入过程中可能存在至少2次岩浆活动.由橄榄石和铬尖晶石成分分析,推测夏日哈木母岩浆为低Ti、高Mg的拉斑玄武质岩浆,可能起源于软流圈地幔.结合区域构造演化和岩体形成时代,认为东昆仑夏日哈木镁铁-超镁铁质岩体形成于伸展环境,深部部分熔融形成的岩浆多次脉冲上涌叠加,地壳混染对硫化物达到饱和具有关键作用,于柴达木盆地南缘东昆仑造山带中构造薄弱部位成岩成矿,可能是伴随古特提斯洋演化开始大陆裂解岩浆镍钴成矿响应的表现.该认识对丰富造山带中的岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床成矿理论研究、拓宽岩浆镍钴矿床找矿空间与潜力、支撑并指导区域找矿新突破,具有重要作用.  相似文献   

Aggravation of debris flow disaster by extreme climate and engineering: a case study of the Tongzilin Gully,Southwestern Sichuan Province,China     

Zhong  Zheng  Chen  Ningsheng  Hu  Guisheng  Han  Zheng  Ni  Huayong 《Natural Hazards》2021,109(1):237-253

Natural Hazards - A large-scale debris flow occurred in Tongzilin Gully in Puge County, Sichuan Province in southwestern China from 4:00 a.m. to 4:30 a.m. on August 8, 2017. Although early warning...  相似文献   

Characteristics of sedimentation and channel adjustment linked to the Three Gorges Reservoir     

Xiaoya Tang  Sichen Tong  Guoxian Huang  Guangxiang Xu  Xinghua Li  Kun Lei  Shiming Yao 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(2):177-189

Construction of large dams is attractive because of their great benefits in flood control,hydropower generation,water resources utilization,navigation improvement,etc.However,dam construction may bring some negative impacts on sediment transport and channel dynamics adjustments.Due to the effects of recent water and soil conservation projects,sediment retention in the newly constructed large upstream reservoirs,and other factors,the sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)is quite different from the amount previously predicted in the demonstration stage.Consequently,based on the measured data,characteristics of sedimentation and the related channel deformation in the TGR were analyzed.The results imply that sediment transport tended to be reduced after the Three Gorges Project(TGP).Sedimentation slowed dramatically after 2013 and indicated obvious seasonal characteristics.Due to the rising water level in the TGR in the flood season,the yearly sediment export ratio(Eratio)was prone to decrease.The water level near the dam site should be reasonably regulated according to the flow discharge to improve the sediment delivery capacity and reduce sedimentation in the TGR,and to try to avoid situations where the flood retention time is close to 444 h.The depositional belt was discontinuous in the TGR and was mainly distributed in the broad reaches,and only slight erosion or deposition occurred in the gorge reaches.Sedimentation in the broad and gorge reaches accounted for 93.8% and 6.2% of the total sedimentation,respectively.The estuarine reach located in the fluctuating backwater area experienced alternate erosion-deposition,with a slight accumulative deposition in the curved reach.Sedimentation mainly occurred in the perennial backwater area.The insight gained in this study can be conducive to directly understanding of large reservoir sedimentation and mechanism of channel adjustment in the reservoir region in the main channel of large river.  相似文献   

地温场数值模拟软件包          下载免费PDF全文

管彦武  金旭  赵发兰  陈晓冬  石卓  韩湘君 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(2):657-657

为了实现多年来我国地热数据的挽救和共享，我们开发了“大地热流数据库”，该库的开发使用了Microsoft Visual C++6.0 和Visual Basic 6.0作为编成语言.该库是“中国岩石圈三维结构数据库”的子库之一.该库具备对原始数据的查询、增加、删除和编辑和地温场的数值模拟，针对岩石圈范围内的地质体，比如对地下一维、二维和三维温度场的有限元数值模拟，以方便地热工作者解决一些常见的地热问题.  相似文献   

河流过程的累积现象和随机模型     

景唤  钟德钰  张红武  石旭芳  王彦君 《地理学报》2020,75(5):1079-1094

累积现象普遍存在于河流过程中,准确考虑前期水沙条件的累积影响对冲积河流河床演变规律的研究至关重要。为揭示累积现象的物理实质,本文对国内外多条典型冲积河流上枢纽修建后其上下游河道冲淤实测资料进行了分析。定义水沙条件变化为外部扰动,并假定其发生概率符合泊松分布及单个扰动引发的系统反馈强度随时间呈指数衰减。本文运用统计力学中的随机理论给出了冲积河流外部扰动诱发的内部反馈随时间的累积过程及其时空间演进的数学描述和理论模型,并将其应用于枢纽修建后其上下游河道形态时空调整过程的模拟。结果发现,从时间上看,断面垂向、横向及全河段的冲淤调整速率早期较快,之后迅速减缓,河床累积冲刷深度、河宽及河段累积淤积量随时间不断增大直至平衡,表现出典型的累积特性;从空间上看,坝下河段冲刷强度沿程非线性衰减直至消失,这种空间分布上的不平衡是外部扰动引发的系统反馈在空间传播的同时随时间衰减的综合结果,是河流过程累积特性的另一外在表现。模型应用结果表明,河道垂向、横向、纵向及全河段的时空冲淤调整过程均可用归一化公式来描述,计算值与实测值符合较好,相关系数R ²达0.92、0.93、0.76和0.95。本文模型同时考虑了河流过程的累积特性和系统反馈的空间传播特性,可为定量描述扰动后非平衡态河道的时空调整过程提供理论依据和新的计算方法。  相似文献   

高光谱图像的JM变换自适应降维     

康孝岩  张爱武  胡少兴  肖青  柴沙驼 《遥感学报》2020,24(1):67-75

在无需先验标签样本的情况下,非监督降维可以有效简化高光谱图像的特征空间,避免目标分类中的霍夫效应。本文提出JM非线性变换优化的自适应降维模型来研究面向图像目标分类的高光谱波段选择问题。该方法考虑波段的信息量和独立性等两个重要因子,针对其测度方法的差异性问题,引入JM变换函数进行规范化优化。选用线阵高光谱和面阵显微光谱等两个图像数据集,在k最邻近和随机森林分类器下,进行了多组监督分类实验,结果表明,在Kappa系数、总体分类精度和平均分类精度上,本文方法均优于3种非监督方法MABS、InfFS和LSFS。说明本文提出的JM变换的自适应降维模型能够有效降低特征维度,满足高光谱图像分类的高精度要求。  相似文献   

青藏高原少数民族聚居地区城镇用地扩展时空演变分析——以青海省海东市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任君  张福存  王琬琪  郭婧  周伟  蒋玉祥  郭肖 《测绘通报》2021,(1):71-77

基于多期遥感影像数据,采用GIS空间叠加分析技术,选择扩展强度指数、紧凑度、分形维数、重心转移指数和扩展方位指数,定量分析了海东市1990—2016年间城镇用地扩展时空分异特征。研究结果表明,海东市城镇用地持续增加,扩展强度呈现先降低后升高的中速持续扩展趋势,城镇从空间无序转向空间协同发展;城镇用地紧凑度持续下降,分形维数持续增大,城镇用地不规则性增加;城镇用地重心转移呈现出“有序—无序—有序”的特征,城镇用地扩展方位分异特征明显,并表现出单翼、双翼和扇形多种扩展模式并存的特点。在海东市城镇用地扩展中,高原河谷地形为自然制约因素,园区新区的设立为主要路径,政策诱变为主要动力,重大基础设施建设为动力保障。  相似文献   

大柴旦盐湖采卤区地层剖面盐渍土基本类型及其抗剪强度试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

虎啸天  胡夏嵩  李光莹  栗岳洲  付江涛  余冬梅 《盐湖研究》2014,(4):38-49

选取柴达木盆地大柴旦盐湖采卤区作为试验区,对区内地层剖面盐渍土的基本类型进行划分,即通过测定Na+、Mg2+、Cl-等易溶盐离子的方法,得出区内采卤区地层剖面盐渍土的主要类型是以亚氯盐渍土为主。在此基础上,对盐渍土进行扰动试样的室内直剪试验研究,以获取抗剪强度指标粘聚力c值与内摩擦角φ值。试验结果表明,该区盐渍土的含盐量由地表开始向下呈逐渐降低趋势,即由地表的6.89%降到地下4.5 m处的1.11%。粘聚力c值主要受试样含水量大小的影响,表现出随着含水量的增加,粘聚力c值呈降低现象,即当含水量由19.8%上升至23.3%时,粘聚力c值由35.4 k Pa下降至24.9 k Pa,下降率约为29.7%;而当含水量由23.3%下降至17.4%时,粘聚力c值则由24.9 k Pa上升至34.1 k Pa,上升率约为36.9%。内摩擦角φ值则受试样粒径影响相对较为明显,随着试样中粘粒含量的增多,粗粒含量相对减少,内摩擦角呈逐渐增大的趋势,即由24.1°上升至33.3°,增加率约为37.3%。随着试样中含盐量的增加,粘聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值均呈线性增加趋势。该研究成果将有助于进一步探讨含水量、颗粒大小以及含盐量对盐渍土试样抗剪强度变化的影响,且对区内盐田及其相应的基础设施建设有一定的理论指导意义。  相似文献   

青海德合龙洼铜（金）矿流体包裹体特征及成矿作用分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

曹勇华  赖健清  康亚龙  樊俊昌 《地学前缘》2011,18(5):147-158

德合龙洼铜（金）矿床为青藏高原北东端的一个岩浆热液型矿床。研究发现矿石中石英发育富液相水溶液（Ⅰ型）、富气相水溶液（Ⅱ型）和含子矿物水溶液（Ⅲ型）3种类型的流体包裹体。Ⅰ型包裹体呈均一至液相,均一温度为187～413℃,盐度值（NaClequiv.,质量分数）则为2.0%～19.0%。Ⅱ型包裹体呈均一至气相,均一温度为...  相似文献   

Timing of Holocene lake highstands around Dawa Co in inner Tibetan Plateau: Comparison of quartz and feldspar luminescence dating with radiocarbon age     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Lakes over the inner Tibetan Plateau (TP) are very sensitive to the regional environmental transformations and climate changes. Well-preserved lake sediments around these lakes provide critical geomorphological and sedimentary evidence that can be used to infer the past hydroclimate changes. In this study, a lacustrine section from a sandy shoreline (∼74 m above the modern lake) situated to the northwest of modern Dawa Co in the inner TP was investigated using both luminescence and radiocarbon dating methods. Our results demonstrated: (1) the quartz optically simulated luminescence (OSL) dating yielded much younger ages (∼4 ka) than that of the post-infrared IRSL (pIRIR) dating of the K-feldspar fraction; (2) fading test showed g-values ranging between 1.34 and 4.46%/decade for quartz OSL signals, which is considered to be responsible for the underestimation of the corresponding ages; (3) the AMS ¹⁴C age of the charcoal sample from the section is in line with the K-feldspar pIRIR₂₂₅ ages, confirming the reliability of the pIRIR₂₂₅ dates and the underestimation of the quartz OSL ages. The anomalous fading of quartz OSL signals and the consequent age underestimation have been reported in several other lakes on the TP, we presented here for the first time firm evidence of the phenomenon with the help of a robust independent control of AMS ¹⁴C age of the charcoal. Based on the pIRIR₂₂₅ and AMS ¹⁴C ages, we conclude that Dawa Co underwent a prominent highstand during the early Holocene (∼9–7 ka), which was probably controlled by the large amounts of glacial meltwater input and the increased monsoonal precipitation.  相似文献