中国热带红树林的发展及其地理背景   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄镇国  张伟强 《地理学报》2002,57(2):174-184

参照约３０个红树林孢粉分析实例，探讨中国南方晚第三纪以来红树林的发展。红树林开始出现于晚始新世；晚第三纪其分布比今偏北；第四纪冰期使红树林向南退缩至雷州半岛北部。末次间冰期４２ ０００～２５ ０００ ａ ＢＰ红树林扩展，以海桑属为代表的典型红树林的北界从现今的 １９°３０′扩展到２３°４０′Ｎ。末次冰期红树林衰落。早全新世９ ６００～７ ９００ ａ ＢＰ红树林复兴，中全新世达到繁盛，向北分布到闽江口（２６°Ｎ），与现今的北界一致，但是中全新世以来海桑属在１９°３０′Ｎ以北不再出现，奠定了现今红树林地带性分布的格局。  相似文献   

Fish assemblages in Tanzanian mangrove creek systems influenced by solar salt farm constructions     

Augustine W. Mwandya  Martin Gullström  Marcus C. Öhman  Mathias H. Andersson  Yunus D. Mgaya 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Deforestation of mangrove forests is common occurrence worldwide. We examined fish assemblage composition in three mangrove creek systems in Tanzania (East Africa), including two creeks where the upper parts were partly clear-cut of mangrove forest due to the construction of solar salt farms, and one creek with undisturbed mangrove forest. Fish were caught monthly for one year using a seine net (each haul covering 170 m²) within three locations in each creek, i.e. at the upper, intermediate and lower reaches. Density, biomass and species number of fish were lower in the upper deforested sites compared to the mangrove-fringed sites at the intermediate and lower parts in the two creeks affected by deforestation, whereas there were no differences among the three sites in the undisturbed mangrove creek system. In addition, multivariate analyses showed that the structure of fish assemblages varied between forested and clear-cut sites within the two disturbed creeks, but not within the undisturbed creek. Across the season, we found no significant differences except for a tendency of a minor increase in fish densities during the rainy season. At least 75% of the fishes were juveniles and of commercial interest for coastal fisheries and/or aquaculture. Mugil cephalus, Gerres oyena and Chanos chanos were the most abundant species in the forested sites. The dominant species in the clear-cut areas were M. cephalus and Elops machnata, which were both found in relatively low abundances compared to the undisturbed areas. The conversion of mangrove forests into solar salt farms not only altered fish assemblage composition, but also water and sediment conditions. In comparison with undisturbed areas, the clear-cut sites showed higher salinity, water temperature as well as organic matter and chlorophyll a in the sediments. Our results suggest that mangrove habitat loss and changes in environmental conditions caused by salt farm developments will decrease fish densities, biomass and species numbers as well as alter the overall fish assemblage composition in the salt farm area but not downstream in the creek.  相似文献   

九龙江口海门岛红树林湿地大型底栖动物群落生态研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

周细平  徐帅良  吴培芳  李艺蝉  沈露  吴兆东  刘爽  刘东艳  王玉珏  王跃启 《应用海洋学学报》2019,38(1):21-29

为研究福建省九龙江口海门岛大型底栖动物的群落结构变化,于2014年11月至2015年8月对海门岛红树林区的大型底栖动物进行4个季度的调查研究,并利用PRIMER软件进行群落物种多样性单变量分析、群落聚类分析(Cluster)、多维尺度排序(MDS)分析和丰度/生物量曲线(ABC)分析.结果表明:九龙江口海门岛红树林区获得大型底栖动物共计112种,年平均生物量为77. 58 g/m2,年平均栖息密度为991. 0 ind/m2. Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、丰富度指数(d)和均匀度指数(J')分别为2. 42、5. 02和0. 70,其中春季生物多样性指数和均匀度指数均最低,与春季生物的繁殖有关.ABC曲线表明该区域有三分之一采样点的大型底栖动物群落受到中等到严重程度的扰动,主要集中在春季站位,这与该季节渔民滩涂养殖作业活动有关. Cluster聚类分析和MDS标序结果表明,在50%的相似性水平群落可分为6组,且不同组间显示季节差异显著.结合历史资料发现,大型底栖动物群落随环境质量的变化已出现了一定的群落演替,物种呈小型化趋势.环境因子与群落分布特征相关性较大,其中最能解释群落丰度和生物量空间分布特征的环境因子为水温、盐度和有机质含量.  相似文献   

Random walk, zonation and the food searching strategy of Terebralia palustris (Mollusca, Potamididae) in Kenya     

Marco Vannini  Stefano Cannicci  Elisha Mrabu  Rocco Rorandelli  Sara Fratini 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,80(4):529-537

Terebralia palustris is a common mud-whelk present at a particularly high density in all Indo-West Pacific mangroves. Young snails feed on nothing but mud while larger specimens are able to feed on fallen leaves too. In Kenya (Mida Creek) under the canopy, competition for mangrove leaves can be very high due to the high density of Sesarmidae crabs. On open exposed muddy platforms, no Sesarmidae occur but the leaf density is very low because the leaves are only randomly present as they are deposited and removed twice a day by the tide. However, the snail density is always very high, raising the question as to whether the snails use a special searching strategy to optimize their resource finding rather than a purely random movement. By analyzing the snails' movements on a uniform area at different levels and comparing them with simulated random paths, we could show that the snails' movements are not purely random. The distribution of different size classes of T. palustris in Mida Creek was known to be quite odd: the same simulation approach suggests that the zonation asymmetry could reasonably be due to the stochastic recruitment of juveniles in space and time and maintained by a substantial long-lasting spatial inertia.  相似文献   

红树林的生态学功能及其资源保护     

罗忠奎  黄建辉  孙建新 《福建地理》2007,(2)

本文综合国内外红树林生态系统结构和功能研究现状,重点阐述了红树林在不同生境状态下结构与功能方面的异同及其对不同管理水平的反应,及各种人类活动干扰对红树林生态系统的影响,并探讨了红树林在不同利用方式和干扰强度下的恢复机制.未来对红树林的研究应加强对地下生物学过程、碳动态、食物网与食物链、生物多样性的变化、微生物在生态系统生物地球化学循环中的作用,尤其是不同时空尺度上红树林的结构动态和功能过程等方面的了解,为红树林湿地的有效保护、成功恢复以及科学管理提供科学依据.  相似文献   

海南红树林根系土壤中可培养细菌的多样性分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

孙静  王素英  张德超 《海洋科学》2014,38(7):27-33

为研究海南红树林根系土壤细菌多样性,充分发掘中国红树林特有微生物资源,作者于2012年12月份从10份采集于海南北港岛红树林根系淤泥样品中分离可培养海洋细菌,并基于16S rRNA基因序列分析的方法对样品中的细菌多样性进行研究。共分离得到122株海洋细菌,经并菌后选取其中的70株代表性菌株测序,结果发现它们分为4个类群:变形菌门(主要为γ-变形菌纲)(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),分别占66%,19%,11%和4%。共代表30个属47个种,其中有9个潜在新种和2个潜在新属。本研究结果表明,北港岛红树林中存在着丰富的细菌多样性,很多类群可能是红树林特有细菌物种。  相似文献   

Diversity and abundance of mangrove fiddle crabs, genus Uca (Decapoda, Ocypodidae) at a mangrove in Kema, North Sulawesi, Indonesia     

RIANTA Pratiwi  ERNAWATI Widyastuti  CHEN Guangcheng  CHEN Shunyang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(12):92-96

Mangrove ecosystems are sites with high biodiversity of benthic fauna, and fiddler crabs (genus Uca) are common benthic fauna in mangroves. The North Sulawesi in Indonesia has a good condition of mangrove while the information of the fiddler crabs is still limited. Manual samplings were conducted in wet, dry and transient seasons at a mangrove in Kema, North Sulawesi to investigate the species composition, density and distribution pattern of fiddler crabs. A total of 168 individuals, subjected to eight species of genus Uca crabs were collected at the mangrove, with U. triangularis having the highest abundance and U. annulipes having the lowest abundance. The densities of fiddle crabs were 27.56 ind./m², 32.89 ind./m² and 14.22 ind./m² at the seaward, middle and landward zones, respectively, and the density was higher in dry and wet seasons than in transient season.  相似文献   

基于Google Earth Engine的红树林年际变化监测研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘凯  彭力恒  李想  谭敏  王树功 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(5):731-739

遥感技术已广泛应用于红树林资源调查与动态监测中,但仍然存在遥感数据获取困难、数据预处理工作量大、监测时间长而周期过大等问题,影响了学者对红树林演变过程的精细刻画与理解。本文基于Google Earth Engine（GEE）云遥感数据处理平台,选取Landsat系列卫星数据,生成长时间序列年际极少云影像集（云量少于5%）,利用3个红外波段反射率（NIR、SWIR1、SWIR2）和3个特征指数（NDVI、NDWI、NDMI）建立阈值规则集,实现对实验区越南玉显县红树林、红树林-虾塘、不透水面-裸地、水体4种目标地物的专家知识决策树分类和土地覆盖的制图,并基于分类结果监测该区域1993-2017年的红树林年际动态变化。结果表明：GEE平台可满足多云多雨地区红树林的长时间序列年际变化监测需求;本文阈值分类方法可以有效提取红树林及红树林-虾塘,实验区有86%年份的影像分类精度达到80%以上;年际变化监测可精细刻画实验区红树林面积先增后减再增的变化过程,也能准确反映红树林与红树林-虾塘养殖系统面积之间的负相关关系。红树林年际动态监测结果可以降低红树林演变分析的不确定性,并能更精细地量化红树林与其他土地覆盖类型的转化过程,从而评估经济发展、政策等因素对红树林演变的影响。  相似文献   

广东省红树林土壤碳储量及固碳潜力研究     

覃国铭  张靖凡  周金戈  卢哲  王法明 《热带地理》2023,43(1):23-30

利用文献收集和数据整合的方法,对广东省不同红树林群落和地区的碳储量及碳埋藏速率进行了系统梳理。研究发现,广东省红树林的面积为9 106.21 hm²,土壤碳储量为1 542.02 GgC,土壤碳密度为0.23 GgC/hm²。广东省内红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)和木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)群落的土壤碳密度最高,分别是0.27和0.23 GgC/hm²,而秋茄(Kandelia candel)群落土壤碳密度最低,仅为0.13 GgC/hm²。广东13个沿海地市的红树林土壤碳储量按大小顺序为湛江(894.5 GgC)>阳江(195.4 GgC)>江门(97.7 GgC)>珠海(91.0GgC)>茂名(59.6 GgC)>汕头(51.4 GgC)>中山(49.2 GgC)>惠州(36.1 GgC)>广州(35.1 GgC)>深圳(18.3 GgC)>汕尾(10.8 GgC)>东莞(2.8 GgC)&...  相似文献   

Seasonal and spatial variation in species diversity, abundance, and element accumulation capacities of macroalgae in mangrove forests of Zhanjiang, China     

ZHANG Yubin  LI Yuan  SHI Fei  SUN Xingli  LIN Guanghui 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(8):73-82

The objective of this study was to investigate whether there was distinctive seasonal and zonal variation in the species diversity, biomass, and element accumulation capacities of macroalgae in two major intertidal mangrove stand types （Avicennia marina assemblage andSonneratia apetala assemblage） in the Zhanjiang region of southern China. Over a year, 31 species in 15 genera were identified in both mangrove assem-blages, of which the dominant species wereCladophoropsis zollingeriand Enteromorpha clathrat.Macroal-gal species were significantly most abundant in spring （p〈0.05）, followed by summer, winter, and autumn. Variation in the zonal distribution of macroalgal species was conspicuous in both intertidal mangrove as-semblages, with the greatest abundance in the middle zone, and the least in the front zone. Patterns in the seasonal and zonal variation in macroalgal biomass in theS. apetalaassemblage were similar to those of macroalgal species diversity in both mangrove assemblages. The seasonal patterns in tissue concentrations of 15 analyzed elements were not uniform among the macroalgaeC. zollingeri,E. clathrata, andGracilaria salicornia in theA. marina assemblage. All three species exhibited variation in their responses to ambient concentrations of different elements, implying their differential ability to absorb and selectively accumulate certain elements.  相似文献