利用城市雨水回灌地下水防治地面沉降技术方法探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

邹旭华 《上海国土资源》2009,(2):27-29

阐述城市化快速发展日益突显的城市雨水问题与地下水超采引起地面沉降危害,在对城市雨水收集处理进行水质分析基础上,探讨城市雨水直接回灌浅层含水层在地面沉降防治中的利用潜力和意义.  相似文献   

反滤回灌井的结构设计理论和方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李旺林 《地下水》2009,31(1):126-129

反滤回灌井是地下水库中一种有效的回灌设施,它由回灌井和回灌池组成,回灌池位于井口、具有反滤功能。介绍了反滤回灌井单井回灌量的计算方法,提出反滤回灌井结构设计的原则和方法。回灌池反滤结构应有两层,上部反滤层应能过滤回灌水中的杂质,选择较细的砂粒;下部反滤层应能防止上层反滤料通过井盖的孔口落入井内,选择较粗的砾类。从过流能力和水流流态的角度。对回灌池的外型进行了优化,探讨了回灌池池口和池底横截面面积的比例,提出应选择抛物线型竖向剖面,同时介绍了回灌池防淤和抗冲设计的方法。  相似文献   

东营市中心城区地热田地热回灌可行性分析     

张新文  ;胡彩萍  ;胡松涛  ;张学斌 《山东地质》2009,(8):17-20

利用东营市中心城区鲁班公寓的地热生产井,对新近纪馆陶组和古近纪东营组热储层进行了自然压力条件下的异层和同层回灌试验。结果表明,回灌量与水头升高呈正相关关系,单位回灌量与水头升高呈负相关关系,馆陶组东热2井回灌能力为东营组东热。井的3倍左右。通过对该地热田热储地质条件、回灌能力及地热水开采潜力的分析,认为目前条件下东营城区还不适宜全面推行地热回灌。  相似文献   

The effect of possible climate change on natural groundwater recharge based on a simple model: a study of four karstic aquifers in SE Spain     

H. Aguilera  J. M. Murillo 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(5):963-974

The study presented in this paper constitutes an initial approach to the problematic task of evaluating the effects of possible climate change on natural water recharge to aquifers. To estimate such effects, a purpose-designed mathematical model termed Estimation of Recharge in Over-exploited Aquifers (ERAS) has been used. It enables to simulate the monthly water recharge to an aquifer, provided that prior knowledge of the exploitation to which it is subjected and the variation caused by these two actions on the piezometric level of the aquifer is available. The basic data required for its application are: precipitation, temperature, groundwater extraction, stored groundwater surface and storage coefficient. The main advantage presented by this model is its independence of the mechanism by which water is displaced through the ground and within the unsaturated zone. The ERAS code was applied to four over-exploited karstic aquifers in Alto Vinalopó (Alicante, Spain) with the goal of generating a synthesized series of values for natural groundwater recharge in each of the aquifers for the 100 years of the twentieth century. Each series thus obtained after being grouped into decades was subjected to statistical processing, which revealed that in every case a logarithmically decreasing trend was present.  相似文献   

GIS-based determination of the mean long-term groundwater recharge in Lower Saxony     

F.?WendlandEmail author  R.?Kunkel  B.?Tetzlaff  G.?D?rh?fer 《Environmental Geology》2003,45(2):273-278

This paper presents the findings of a collaborative research project of the Geological Survey of Lower Saxony (NLfB) and the Programme Group Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (STE) of Research Centre Jülich on the GIS-based determination of the mean long-term groundwater recharge in Lower Saxony using high-resolution digital data (Dörhöfer and others 2001). The model calculations were performed on the basis of the water-balance model GROWA (Kunkel and Wendland 2002) with a spatial resolution of 100x100 m². The accuracy of the calculated groundwater recharge values for the period 1961–1990 was verified on the basis of data from gauging stations and displayed a good agreement between observed runoff values and model results.  相似文献   

Une dépression piézométrique naturelle en hausse au Sahel (Sud-Ouest du Niger)A rising piezometric depression in the Sahel (southwestern Niger)     

Guillaume Favreau  Christian Leduc  Christelle Marlin  Abdou Guéro 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):395-401

In southwest Niger, the Continental Terminal water table displays a natural hollow shape about 10 m in depth over an area of 4000 km². A 10-year survey of this hollow aquifer has shown that current recharge is above $\text{20 }\text{mm}\text{yr}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$. The water table has risen continuously since the 1950–1960s as a result of land clearance. This shows a disequilibrium in the aquifer balance. The long-term recharge rate is estimated by radioisotopes to be around $\text{1 }\text{mm}\text{yr}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$. This figure fits with the only possible origin of the piezometric depression, i.e. evapotranspiration losses in its centre. To cite this article: G. Favreau et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 395–401.  相似文献   

Using CRD method for quantification of groundwater recharge in the Gaza Strip, Palestine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Husam Baalousha 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(7):889-900

Rainfall is the main source of groundwater recharge in the Gaza Strip area in Palestine. The area is located in the semi-arid zone and there is no source of recharge other than rainfall. Estimation of groundwater recharge from rainfall is not an easy task since it depends on many uncertain parameters. The cumulative rainfall departure (CRD) method, which depends on the water balance principle, was used in this study to estimate the net groundwater recharge from rainfall. This method does not require much data as is the case with other classical recharge estimation methods. The CRD method was carried out using optimisation approach to minimise the root mean square error (RMSE) between the measured and the simulated groundwater head. The results of this method were compared with the results of other recharge estimation methods from literature. It was found that the results of the CRD method are very close to the results of the other methods, but with less data requirements and greater ease of application. Based on the CRD method, the annual amount of groundwater recharge from rainfall in the Gaza Strip is about 43 million m³. An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

小流域地下裂隙潜流对降雨入渗补给的响应特性     

曹建生  刘昌明  张万军 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(5):20-23,26

采用翻斗法自动量水技术和时域反射仪,对“岩土二元结构”小流域降雨过程、流域出口地下裂隙潜流以及坡地岩土水分的变化进行了测定与分析。试验结果表明,小流域坡地特有的岩土二元结构体具有较强的储、透水性能,小流域在前期坡地岩土水分平均为14.48%(埋深100cm范围内)的前提下,发生总降雨量170.25mm,降雨历时31h,平均强度5.5mmh的大暴雨,在小流域出口处未产生地表迳流;地下裂隙潜流对降雨具有明显的响应,起涨和回落过程均较为明显,峰值流量达到810Lh,是降雨前的32.4倍。因此,科学合理地利用“岩土二元结构”的水文地质特性对缓解洪峰的形成,降低洪灾具有重要作用,同时对山区的雨水资源化问题也具有重要的实际意义。  相似文献   

Identifying and quantifying urban recharge: a review   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

David N. Lerner 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(1):143-152

The sources of and pathways for groundwater recharge in urban areas are more numerous and complex than in rural environments. Buildings, roads, and other surface infrastructure combine with man-made drainage networks to change the pathways for precipitation. Some direct recharge is lost, but additional recharge can occur from storm drainage systems. Large amounts of water are imported into most cities for supply, distributed through underground pipes, and collected again in sewers or septic tanks. The leaks from these pipe networks often provide substantial recharge. Sources of recharge in urban areas are identified through piezometry, chemical signatures, and water balances. All three approaches have problems. Recharge is quantified either by individual components (direct recharge, water-mains leakage, septic tanks, etc.) or holistically. Working with individual components requires large amounts of data, much of which is uncertain and is likely to lead to large uncertainties in the final result. Recommended holistic approaches include the use of groundwater modelling and solute balances, where various types of data are integrated. Urban recharge remains an under-researched topic, with few high-quality case studies reported in the literature. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

地下水计算参数的测定与估计   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

金光炎  汪家权 《水科学进展》1997,8(1):16-24

叙述了浅层地下水资源评价中几个常用参数(给水度、降雨入渗补给系数和潜水蒸发系数)的测定和估计方法,并结合实例进行剖析.通过分析,得到几点新的认识:(1)给水度值同注水的方式有关,在实际情况中,由于农田表层土壤疏松,且有作物影响,因而其最大值会出现在地表附近;(2)用抽水试验法测定给水度,其值因孔而异;(3)降雨入渗补给系数与土壤结构和给水度的关系密切,一般随着埋深的增加,该系数随之减小;(4)不同季节和不同作物,潜水蒸发系数不同,表现在计算公式上的参数也不相同.  相似文献