湘黔桂浅变质岩区含金建造及其与金矿的关系   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

陶平  肖旭东  张慧 《地质科技情报》2009,28(2)

湘黔桂相邻区中、新元古界浅变质岩系的含金建造多为斜坡-盆地相、深水-较深水、远源-中源的浊流沉积,常富含凝灰质、碳质及硫化物,属于活动大陆边缘地壳强烈拉伸环境的产物,形成于扬子古大陆裂陷和再度裂陷时期.中、新元古代火山活动为其提供了丰富的成矿物质,多数成为原生含金建造,个别成为衍生含金建造.这些含金建造在形成之后,先后遭受了区域埋深变质作用、区域动力变质作用,以及脆韧性、脆性剪切作用,最终形成了变质细碎屑岩型金矿.  相似文献   

北部湾盆地福山凹陷深湖重力流成因分类、发育机制及沉积模式     

李媛  林松  林正良  马庆林 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(2):323-345

福山凹陷为北部湾盆地南缘海南隆起斜坡上的一个新生代断陷湖盆。本文充分利用岩心、测井以及覆盖整个研究区的高分辨率三维地震资料,以层序地层学、沉积学等多种理论为指导,结合沉积岩石学、地震沉积学等相关技术,于古近系流沙港组SQEls₂EST+LST时期,在福山凹陷识别出4种深湖重力流沉积岩相类型;通过岩相组合及其转换特征、砂分散体系、地震相分析,对该时期沉积体系展布特征进行细致剖析,进而建立福山凹陷深湖重力流发育机制和沉积模式：西部地区发育以浊流为主、具有典型浊积水道的湖底扇沉积;而东部地区则以砂质碎屑流沉积形成的远端孤立朵体为主。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary mass movement events in Lake El′gygytgyn,North‐eastern Siberia     

OLAF JUSCHUS  MARTIN MELLES  A. CATALINA GEBHARDT  FRANK NIESSEN 《Sedimentology》2009,56(7):2155-2174

Lake El′gygytgyn is situated in a 3·6 Myr old impact crater in North‐eastern Siberia. Its sedimentary record probably represents the most complete archive of Pliocene and Quaternary climate change in the terrestrial Arctic. In order to investigate the influence of gravitational sediment transport on the pelagic sediment record in the lake centre, two sediment cores were recovered from the lower western lake slope. The cores penetrate a sub‐recent mass movement deposit that was identified by 3·5 kHz echo sounding. In the proximal part of this deposit, deformed sediments reflect an initial debris flow characterized by limited sediment mixture. Above and in front of the debrite, a wide massive densite indicates a second stage with a liquefied dense flow. The mass movement event led to basal erosion of ca 1 m thick unconsolidated sediments along parts of its flow path. The event produced a suspension cloud, whose deposition led to the formation of a turbidite. The occurrence of the turbidite throughout the lake and the limited erosion at its base mainly suggest deposition by ‘pelagic rain’ following Stokes’ Law. Very similar radiocarbon dates obtained in the sediments directly beneath and above the turbidite in the central lake confirm this interpretation. When applying the depositional model for the Late Quaternary sediment record of Lake El′gygytgyn, the recovered turbidites allow reconstruction of the frequency and temporal distribution of large mass movement events at the lake slopes. In total, 28 turbidites and related deposits were identified in two, 12·9 and 16·6 m long, sediment cores from the central lake area covering approximately 300 kyr.  相似文献   

东昆仑南缘晚古生代地层组合、大地构造相及大地构造意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王敏  刘爱民  戴传固  黄勇  陈厚国  牟世勇 《地质学报》2009,83(11):1601-1611

现代大陆边缘盆地研究结果显示,仅根据蛇绿岩分布划分大地构造单元、分析构造演化可能得出误导性结果.而详细的沉积建造分析、结合其他地质资料可以得到更可靠的结论.东昆仑南缘西段1∶25万区域地质调查显示,该区晚古生代地层为一套不含火山岩的碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩组合,从石炭系到三叠系,由北往南沉积建造由陆缘碎屑岩逐步转化为深海浊积岩,显示典型被动陆缘构造环境.这种特点表明,东昆仑南缘蛇绿岩并不代表成熟大洋地壳残片,而是发育于夭折裂谷环境的初始洋盆;其代表位于研究区以南地区的金沙江古特提斯洋盆的北部被动陆缘(现代地理方位).研究区内不整合覆盖在晚古生代地层之上的侏罗系磨拉石建造代表碰撞造山晚期的上叠前陆盆地,表明印支期造山旋回的结束.  相似文献   

混合钻头在涪陵页岩气田的应用          下载免费PDF全文

陈星星 《探矿工程》2019,46(10):34-39

涪陵页岩气田是中国第一个正式投入商业开采的海相页岩气田,历经2013年的开发评价试验阶段及2014-2015年的一期产能建设阶段,通过攻关研究与现场试验应用,创新形成了适合涪陵页岩气田勘探开发的钻完井技术系列,二期产建推进以来,由于埋深的增加、地层的不确定性,对钻井提速提效造成了巨大的阻碍,其中部分复杂层系的钻头选型显得尤为困难,主要体现在常规钻头行程钻速低、起下钻趟次多、定向困难等几个方面。通过对岩石可钻性及定向难点分析,针对平桥区块小河坝组地层研磨性强、砂泥岩交错的特点,优选了121/4 in高研磨性混合钻头;针对二开深层大三维井定向托压严重的问题,优选了121/4 in高效定向混合钻头;针对三开龙马溪组（含浊积砂岩）定向段高造斜率及研磨性强的特点,优选了81/2 in硬地层定向混合钻头。截止2019年2月,3种型号混合钻头在涪陵工区累计使用200余井次,平均减少起下钻4～5趟次,缩短钻井周期6～7 d。混合钻头的优选应用,为二期产建的钻井提速提效提供了技术保障,为下步页岩气田的高效开发提供了钻头选型方案。  相似文献   

Turbidite Events Recorded in Deep-sea Core IR-GC1 off Western Sumatra: Evidence from Grain-size Distribution     

QIU Zhongyan  HAN Xiqiu  WANG Yejian 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(4):1448-1456

Sediment core IR-GC1, from the abyssal basin of the Indian Ocean off Sumatra, may provide important information on depositional events related to earthquakes and tsunamis. In this study, based on a combination of grain-size analysis with lithological studies and oxygen isotope stratigraphy, seven deep-sea turbidite layers were identified, corresponding to seven turbidity events that occurred at 128–130, 105–107, 98–100, 86–87, 50–53, 37–41 and 20–29 ka. The sediments of the turbidite deposits are characterized by coarse grain sizes, poor sorting, wide kurtosis, bimodal frequency distributions and clear depositional variations. Particle size grading is also an important signature of deep-sea turbidite deposits and can be used as an indicator to identify turbidite layers. Possible triggering mechanisms for the turbidite events include tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and sea-level changes.  相似文献   

Deepwater Turbidite Lobe Deposits: A Review of the Research Frontiers     

ZHANG Leifu  PAN Mao  WANG Hongliang 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(1):283-300

Deepwater/deep-marine turbidite lobes are the most distal part of a siliciclastic depositional system and hold the largest sediment accumulation on the seafloor. As many giant hydrocarbon provinces have been discovered within deepwater lobe deposits, they represent one of the most promising exploration targets for hydrocarbon industry. Deepwater exploration is characterized by high cost, high risk but insufficient data because of the deep/ultra–deepwater depth. A thorough understanding of the deepwater turbidite lobe architecture, hierarchy, stacking pattern and internal facies distribution is thus vital. Recently, detailed outcrop characterizations and high–resolution seismic studies have both revealed that the deepwater lobe deposits are characterized into four–fold hierarchical arrangements from "beds", to "lobe elements", to "lobes" and to "lobe complex". Quantitative compilations have shown that hierarchical components of lobe deposits have similar length to width ratios but different width to thickness ratios depending on different turbidite systems. At all hierarchical scales, sand–prone hierarchical lobe units are always separated by mud–prone bounding units except when the bounding units are eroded by their overlying lobe units thus giving rise to vertical amalgamation and connectivity. Amalgamations often occur at more proximal regions suggesting high flow energy. A mixed flow behavior may occur towards more distal regions, resulting in deposition of "hybrid event beds". These synthesized findings could(1) help understand the lobe reservoir distribution and compartmentalization therefore benefit the exploration and development of turbidite lobes within the deep marine basins(e.g. South China Sea) and(2) provide rules and quantitative constraints on reservoir modeling. In addition, the findings associated with deepwater turbidite lobes might be a good starting point to understand the sedimentology, architecture and hierarchy of turbidites in deep lacustrine environment.  相似文献   

湖平面变化对王58地区浊积扇形成与演化的控制作用研究     

王亚青 《西北地质》2009,42(1):51-56

在陆相断陷盆地内,湖平面变化、构造作用等外部因素对浊积扇体的形成与演化有明显的控制作用。以东营凹陷南斜坡王58地区沙四上浊积扇为例,分析了湖平面变化对浊积扇发育的控制作用。湖平面变化控制了沉积物供给,从而控制了扇体的发育期次。研究区纯上4砂组沉积时期,湖平面相对较低,研究区浊积扇体并不发育;浊积扇体发育在纯上2、3砂组沉积时期;纯上1砂组沉积时期,湖平面上升,研究区不再发育浊积扇。海平面变化控制了沉积物供给,控制了浊积扇体的发育类型。在纯上3砂组沉积时期,水体较浅,发育带水道的浊积扇;在纯上2砂组沉积时期,湖水较深,发育无水道的滑塌浊积扇。总之,随着湖平面的变化,王58地区沙四上浊积扇经历了从出现、发展直到消亡的整个过程,并且随着湖平面的变化,扇体由带水道的浊积扇体向元水道的滑塌浊积扇体转变。  相似文献   

'Linked' debrites in sand-rich turbidite systems – origin and significance     

Peter D. W. Haughton  Simon P. Barker  William D. McCaffrey† 《Sedimentology》2003,50(3):459-482

Abstract The outer parts of a number of small Late Jurassic sandy deep‐water fans in the northern North Sea are dominated by the stacked deposits of co‐genetic sandy and muddy gravity flows. Sharp‐based, structureless and dewatered sandstone beds are directly overlain by mudclast breccias that are often rich in terrestrial plant fragments and capped by thin laminated sandstones, pseudonodular siltstones and mudstones. The contacts between the clast‐rich breccias and the underlying sandstones are typically highly irregular with evidence for liquefaction and upward sand injection. The breccias contain fragments (up to metre scale) of exotic lithologies surrounded by a matrix that is extremely heterogeneous and strewn with multiphase and variably sheared sand injections and scattered coarse and very coarse sand grains (often coarser than in the immediately underlying sand bed). Markov chain analysis establishes that the breccias consistently overlie sandstones, and the character of the breccias and their external contacts rule out a post‐depositional origin via in situ liquefaction, intrastratal flowage or bed amalgamation and disruption. The breccias are interpreted as debrites that rode on a water‐rich sand bed just deposited by a co‐genetic concentrated gravity current. As such, they are referred to as ‘linked debrites’ to distinguish them from debrites emplaced in the absence of a precursor sand bed. The distinction is important, because these linked debris flows can achieve significant mobility through entrainment of both water and sediment from beneath, and they ride on a low‐friction carpet of liquefied sand. This explains the paradox presented by fan fringes in which there are common debrites, when conventional thinking might predict that deposits of low‐concentration gravity currents should be more important here. In fact, evidence for transport by low‐concentration turbidity currents is rare in these systems. Several possible mechanisms might explain the formation of linked flows, but the ultimate source of both sandy and clast‐rich flow components must be in shallower water on the basin margin (the debrites are not triggered from distal slopes). Flow partitioning may have occurred by upslope erosion and retardation of the mudclast‐charged portion of an erosional sandy density current, partial flow transformation of a precursor debris flow and/or hydraulic segregation and reconcentration of the flaky clasts and carbonaceous matter during transport. Linked debrites are not restricted to small sand‐rich fans, and similar mechanisms may be responsible for the long runout of debris flows in other systems. The recognition of a distinct class of linked debrites is of wider importance for facies prediction, reservoir heterogeneity and even carbon fluxes and sequestration on continental margins.  相似文献   

Origin of mud in turbidites and hybrid event beds: Insight from ponded mudstone caps of the Castagnola turbidite system (north-west Italy)     

Marco Patacci  Mattia Marini  Fabrizio Felletti  Andrea Di Giulio  Massimo Setti  William McCaffrey 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2625-2644

The partitioning of different grain-size classes in gravity flow deposits is one of the key characteristics used to infer depositional processes. Turbidites have relatively clean sandstones with most of their clay deposited as part of a mudstone cap or as a distal mudstone layer, whereas sand-bearing debrites commonly comprise mixtures of sand grains and interstitial clay; hybrid event beds develop alternations of clean and dirty (clay-rich) sandstones in varying proportions. Analysis of co-genetic mudstone caps in terms of thickness and composition is a novel approach that can provide new insight into gravity flow depositional processes. Bed thickness data from the ponded Castagnola system show that turbidites contain more clay overall than do hybrid event beds. The Castagnola system is characterized by deposits of two very different petrographic types. Thanks to this duality, analyses of sandstone and mudstone composition allow inference of which proportion of the clay in each of the deposit types was acquired en route. In combination with standard sedimentological observations the new data allow insight into the likely characteristics of their parent flows. Clean turbidites were deposited by lower concentration, long duration, erosive, muddy turbidity currents which were more efficient at fractionating clay particles away from their basal layer. Hybrid event beds were deposited by shorter duration, higher-concentration, less-erosive sandier flows which were less efficient at clay fractionation. The results are consistent with data from other turbidite systems (for example, Marnoso-arenacea). The approach represents a new method to infer the controls on the degree of clay partitioning in gravity flow deposits.  相似文献