发展低碳区域 开启生态时代     

段雯娟 《地球》2013,(12):74-77

随着世界工业经济的发展、人口的剧增、人类欲望的无限上升和生产生活方式的无节制,二氧化碳排放量愈来愈大,地球臭氧层正遭受前所未有的危机。气温升高、冰川融化、  相似文献   

Anthropogenic Direct Radiative Forcing of Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosols from 1850 to 2000 Estimated with IPCC AR5 Emissions Inventories          下载免费PDF全文

CHANG Wen-Yuan  LIAO Hong 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(4):201-207

This study estimates direct radiative forcing by tropospheric ozone and all aerosols between the years 1850 and 2000, using the new IPCC AR5 （the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report） emissions inventories and a fully coupled chemistry-aerosol general circulation model. As compared to the previous Global Emissions Inventory Activity （GEIA） data, that have been commonly used for forcing estimates since 1990, the IPCC AR5 emissions inventories report lower anthropogenic emissions of organic carbon and black carbon aerosols and higher sulfur and NOx emissions. The simulated global and annual mean burdens of sulfate, nitrate, black carbon （BC）, primary organic aerosol （POA）, secondary organic aerosol （SOA）, and ozone were 0.79, 0.35, 0.05, 0.49, 0.34, and 269 Tg, respectively, in the year 1850, and 1.90, 0.90, 0.11, 0.71, 0.32, and 377 Tg, respectively, in the year 2000. The estimated annual mean top of the atmosphere （TOA） direct radiative forcing of all anthropogenic aerosols based on the AR5 emissions inventories is -0.60 W m^-2 on a global mean basis from 1850 to 2000. However, this is -2.40 W m-2 when forcing values are averaged over eastern China （18-45°N and 95-125°E）. The value for tropospheric ozone is 0.17 W m^-1 on a global mean basis and 0.24 W m^-2 over eastern China. Forcing values indicate that the climatic effect of aerosols over eastern China is much more significant than the globally averaged effect.  相似文献   

宋英杰带您体验低碳生活     

《气象知识》2010,(4):30-33

现在“节能减排”已经成为了大家耳熟能详的口号,“减排”主要是指减少向大气的二氧化碳排放量,低碳生活也越来越受到人们的关注和追捧。那么．今天．你低碳了吗？  相似文献   

陕北地区水污染物排放量预测研究     

李孝廉  李书恒 《地下水》2010,32(3):78-80,134

水是陕北能源化工基地建设的关键性资源,防治水环境污染是确保能源基地可持续发展重要保障。本文依据陕北能源化工基地建设相关规划,分污染物达标排放、推行清洁生产、部分行业生产污水零排放＋清洁生产等三种情景,对未来陕北地区工业废水和生活污水排放量做了预测。分析结果表明：2020年,陕北地区在污染物达标排放的情景下,COD、NH3-N排放总量分别为53 417 t和9 111 t;在推行清洁生产情景下,COD、NH3-N排放总量分别为35 237 t和5 583 t;在部分行业生产污水零排放＋清洁生产的情景下,COD、NH3-N排放总量分别为25407 t和4 377 t。与2007年水污染物排放量相比,在三种设计情景下,延安COD与NH3-N基本实现减排,而榆林地区COD与NH3-N排放量均超过现状排放量。比较来看,陕北地区在部分行业生产污水零排放＋清洁生产的情景下污染物排放量最小,但COD、NH3-N仍较2007年现状排放量增加12%和56%,即陕北地区未来发展中水环境压力很大,应该采取切实可行的措施大幅度降低污染物排放量。  相似文献   

撕裂地球之肺     

臧敬 《地球》2012,(4):129-131

2012年3月21日,世界第40个国际森林日如期而至。众所周知,森林是"地球之肺",每一棵树都是一个氧气发生器和二氧化碳吸收器,森林能涵养水源,防风固沙,制止水土流失。5000万年来,地球上形成的陆地生态系统中,森林占到了三分之一,它们是80%的陆地生物的家园。森林在自然界的生态平衡中起着至关重要的作用,因此,今年的森林日以"保护地球之肺——森林"为主题,旨在强调森林的生态价值,呼吁全球共同肩负起这一人类重要使命。然而,人类是如何对待森林家园  相似文献   

内蒙古锡林河流域主要针茅属草地土壤呼吸变化及其主导因子   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

齐玉春  董云社  刘立新  刘杏认  彭琴  肖胜生  何亚婷 《中国科学:地球科学》2010,40(3):341-351

草地生态系统是中国最大的陆地生态系统, 准确测定其土壤呼吸强度对于正确评价我国陆地生态系统碳排放对大气CO₂的定量贡献具有重要意义. 利用静态暗箱法对内蒙古锡林河流域三类主要针茅属草地土壤呼吸强度进行了连续3年的野外测定, 比较分析了不同草地土壤呼吸速率的季节变化规律, 计算了CO₂年排放总量及其年内与年际变异系数, 并分别建立了土壤呼吸与温度、土壤水分因子的数值关系模式. 结果表明: 草地覆被类型的变化并没有改变土壤呼吸的季节变化规律. 各草地土壤呼吸速率均表现为较大的年内与年际变异, 尤其是在生长季, 土壤呼吸速率波动明显. 生长季土壤呼吸变异系数约为54.0%~93.0%, 年内变异系数均在115.0%以上, 年际变异表现为大针茅草原>贝加尔针茅草原>克氏针茅草原. 贝加尔针茅草原、大针茅草原、克氏针茅草原土壤年呼吸总量分别约为223.62~299.24, 150.62~226.99以及111.31~131.55 gC·m^-2·a^-1, 呈现出递减的趋势. 从全年的尺度来看, 拟合最佳的温度因子变化分别能够解释三类草原土壤呼吸变化的63.5%, 73.0%与73.2%, 对应的Q₁₀值分别为2.16, 2.98与2.40, 且各土壤温度指标Q10值三种草地均表现为10 cm地温>5 cm地温>地表温度. 从生长季尺度来看, 土壤呼吸与表层土壤含水量相关性最强, 三类草原0~10 cm土壤含水量的变化分别能够解释土壤呼吸变异的95.2%, 97.4%以及93.2%.  相似文献   

太湖流域磷排放对区域城市化过程的响应——以宜兴市为例   总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4  

戴科伟  高超  朱继业  钱谊 《地理科学》2007,27(2):237-242

在系统分析基础上,利用系统动力学方法,以宜兴市为典型区,模拟城市化过程对磷发生量的影响,建立二者间的定量响应关系。结果表明,不论是在何种城市化发展速度下,磷的发生总量都会有较大幅度的增加,而目前规划的污水处理水平只能小幅度削减流域内磷的排放量,不足以从根本上扭转太湖水质持续恶化的趋势。在推进太湖流域城市化的进程中,必须加大投入,进一步加强环境基础设施建设,更大幅度地削减磷等营养物质的排放。  相似文献   

2013年全球碳排放量创新高     

《地理教学》2014,(1):64-64

丁铎尔气候变化研究中心年度报告发布,2013年全球碳排放量将创新高。全球碳计划的新数据显示,全球化石燃料燃烧产生的二氧化碳排放量在2013年将达到创纪录的360亿吨,美国仍是人均排放量第一。  相似文献   

Speciation, distribution, and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Xiamen Bay surface sediment   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

LIN Cai  LIU Yang  LI Wenquan  SUN Xiuwu  JI Weidong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(4):13-21

Based on the survey of surface sediment in Xiamen Bay in October 2011, the speciation, distribution, and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr） in this area were studied us-ing the sequential extraction method and ecological risk assessment method. The results indicated：（1） the total concentrations of these heavy metals were influenced by runoff, industrial wastewater, and sewage, and were all higher in the coastal area than the offshore area while the highest area of Pb was a little far-ther away from the coastal water due to atmosphere deposition;（2） sequential extractions suggested that Cu was mainly composed with residual and Fe/Mn-oxide bound fractions, Pb was bound to Fe/Mn-oxide, Zn and Cr were dominated by residual, and Cd bound to exchangeable and carbonate fractions; （3） the order of migration and transformation sequence was Cd＆gt;Pb＆gt;Cu＆gt;Zn＆gt;Cr and the degree of pollution was Cd＆gt;Pb＆gt;Cu＆gt;Zn＆gt;Cr;and （4） the ratios of the secondary and primary phases showed that Zn and Cr were both clean, Cu may be polluted, Pb was moderately polluted, while Cd was heavily polluted.  相似文献   

Carbon dioxide concentration and flux in an urban residential area in Seoul,Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Moon-Soo Park  Seung Jin Joo  Soon-Ung Park 《大气科学进展》2014,31(5):1101-1112

The carbon dioxide （CO2） concentrations and fluxes measured at a height of 17.5 m above the ground by a sonic anemometer and an open-path gas analyzer at an urban residential site in Seoul, Korea from February 2011 to January 2012 were analyzed. The annual mean CO2 concentration was found to be 750 mg m-3, with a maximum monthly mean concentration of 827 mg m-3 in January and a minimum value of 679 mg m-3 in August. Meanwhile, the annual mean CO2 flux was found to be 0.45 mg m-2 s-1, with a maximum monthly mean flux of 0.91 mg m-2 s-1 in January and a minimum value of 0.19 mg m-2 s-1 in June. The hourly mean CO2 concentration was found to show a significant diurnal variation; a maximum at 0700-0900 LST and a minimum at 1400-1600 LST, with a large diurnal range in winter and a small one in summer, mainly caused by diurnal changes in mixing height, CO2 flux, and surface complexity. The hourly mean CO2 flux was also found to show a significant diurnal variation, but it showed two maxima at 0700-0900 LST and 2100-2400 LST, and two minima at 1100-1500 LST and 0300-0500 LST, mainly caused by a diurnal pattern in CO2 emissions and sinks from road traffic, domestic heating and cooking by liquefied natural gas use, and the different horizontal distribution of CO2 sources and sinks near the site. Differential advection with respect to wind direction was also found to be a cause of diurnal variations in both the CO2 concentration and flux.  相似文献