NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> change over China and its influences   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LIU Yu  I. S. A. ISAKSEN  J. K. SUNDET  HE Jinhai  YAN Peng 《大气科学进展》2004,21(1):132-140

A 3-D chemical transport model (OSLO CTM2) is used to investigate the impact of the increase of NOx emission over China. The model is capable to reproduce basically the seasonal variation of surface NOx and ozone over eastern China. NOx emission data and observations reveal that NOx over eastern China increases quite quickly with the economic development of China. Model results indicate that NOx concentration over eastern China increasingly rises with the increase of NOx emission over China, and accelerates to increase in winter. When the NOx emission increases from 1995 to its double, the ratio of NO2/NOx abruptly drops in winter over northern China. Ozone at the surface decreases in winter with the continual enhancement of the NOx level over eastern China, but increases over southern China in summertime. It is noticeable that peak ozone over northern China increases in summer although mean ozone changes little. In summer, ozone increases in the free troposphere dominantly below 500 hPa.Moreover, the increases of total ozone over eastern China are proportional to the increases of NOx emission.In a word, the model results suggest that the relationship between NOx and ozone at the surface would change with NOx increase.  相似文献   

温州湾海域潮形偏态时空分布特征研究     

冯曦  周雨晨  孙凤明  徐欢  温世玮  孙壮  刘诗静  冯卫兵 《海洋学报》2022,44(7):25-36

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大鹏湾岬湾型海滩季节性变化特征及原因分析——以官湖海滩为例          下载免费PDF全文

刘星璐  徐昇  罗小峰  张功瑾  丁磊  路川藤  丁佩 《海洋工程》2022,40(4):44-52

随着全球海平面的上升及极端气象的频发,全球海滩总体呈现出一定的退化现象,海滩保护成为海岸带生态修复的焦点问题之一。我国华南地区岬湾型海滩分布广泛,以深圳市大鹏湾官湖海滩为代表,基于2020—2021年实测海滩剖面高程数据,分析岬湾型海滩季节性变化特征。研究表明,官湖海滩剖面坡度夏秋缓冬春陡,夏秋侵蚀冬春淤积;海滩沉积物粒径季节性变化不明显。海滩剖面形态受风浪、平均潮位的季节性变化控制,以夏秋季为例,平均潮位逐渐升高,南向波浪强度较大,在二者的共同作用下,海滩后滨侵蚀明显,泥沙离岸输运,并在前滨淤积。补沙方案宜在夏秋季进行,且重点区域为官湖海滩东侧与观海湾海滩,防御方案应主要削弱南向波浪。  相似文献   

基于GEE的干旱区流域湿地水体时空动态变化特征分析——以宁夏平原为例     

邹业斌  柴明堂  杨娟  申晓晶  冯东溥  舒瑞 《测绘通报》2023,(2):9-14

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展已成为国家重大战略,宁夏平原为黄河流域具有代表性的典型湿地区域。本文基于谷歌地球引擎平台(GEE)对宁夏平原1984—2020年湿地水体的历史覆盖、面积变化、类型转变及季节性演变等动态信息进行分析与评价。结果表明：(1) 1984—2020年宁夏平原湿地水体历史覆盖面积为1 373.86 km²,占研究区面积的8.1%,全时段覆盖水体面积为116.46 km²;(2) 1984—1999年至2000—2020年宁夏平原地表水体面积共计增加482.99 km²,总体面积变化率为45.6%;(3)研究区新增永久性水体明显,过去37年新增永久性水体218.89 km²,同时季节性水体面积变化幅度较大;(4) 2020年,全年覆盖水体占比为39.45%,而1—6月覆盖时间的水体面积占比超过50%。本文成果可为环境保护和黄河流域高质量发展提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

中国降水的季节性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚世博  姜大膀  范广洲 《大气科学》2017,41(6):1191-1203

本文使用一套基于中国气象局所属的2416个台站数据所得的高分辨降水资料,对1961~2013年中国降水季节性进行了研究。就全国平均而言,各季节降水占全年降水百分率最高的为夏季（56.5%）,春季（19.3%）和秋季（18.9%）次之,冬季（5.3%）最少;针对不同地区,各季节降水百分率存在很大差异,例如华南春季降水最多、东北至高原一线秋季降水大于春季降水。春、夏两季降水百分率高值（低值）区域略呈现出降水百分率减少（增多）趋势,秋季整体上略微减少,冬季则显著增加;季节降水百分率的变率整体表现为夏季大而冬季小,其西部的变率与地形为显著负相关,东部变率的大值区位置随季节变化;秋冬两季的降水百分率变率有显著增加,各季节不同地区变率的变化趋势存在明显差异。  相似文献   

中国南方调整水稻种植格局——一种水稻生产预先适应气候变化的选择(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马欣  吴绍洪  李玉娥  张雪艳  高清竹  伍洋 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(1):67-84

Rice planted in southern China accounts for 94% of the total in sown acreage and 88% of the total in production, which matters a lot to Chinese food security. However, due to the prolonged conflict between water availability and rice growth in spatial/temporal distribu-tion, rice production suffers from seasonal drought at acreage of 16%-22%, which compro-mises food production capacity and food security. Focusing on the spatial distribution of seasonal drought with rice and the practices to adapt to it, and based on an analysis of bal-anced water supply for and demand by rice at a growing season scale during 1981-2030, this paper assesses the changing seasonal drought in the process of rice production under the changing climate in the future, and identifies general rice re-cultivation options for climate change adaptation. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) Rice suggests a decline in seasonal drought, with early season rice (early rice hereafter) by 12,500 km2, middle season rice (middle rice) by 80,000 km2, and in particular late season rice (late rice) by 25,000 km2, which accounts for almost 20% of its cultivated acreage. It is indicated that due to climate change, seasonal drought in major rice producing areas tends to alleviate in general, late season rice in particular. (2) Future climate change brings about a significant impact on the spatial/temporal distribution of water resources in rice producing areas in China. Based on ’pre-designed’ adaptation actions for rice-re-cultivation, the rice cultivation pattern undergoes a significant alteration between 1981-2000 and 2001-2030. In eastern Guizhou and western Hunan, the pattern of single early plus single dry farming is changed into double cropping. In eastern Hunan, the pattern of dry cropping is changed into single early plus single dry farming. In northern Anhui, the pattern of dry farming cropping is changed into middle rice. All this is aimed at a potential adequate availability of water for rice production in the future. (3) Rice re-cultivation patterns developed in this paper help re-balance water demand and supply for rice growth using the spatial analysis tool to adapt rice growth to the changing water avail-ability from spatial perspective, and come up with rice producer-friendly re-cultivation options in response to climate change.  相似文献   

东海陆架北部泥质区沉积动力过程的季节性变化   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郭志刚  杨作升  雷坤  曲艳慧  范德江 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(3)

利用东海陆架北部泥质区（济州岛西南）及其周围不同季节５个航次的悬浮体资料和相应的底质粒度资料,对该泥质区沉积动力过程的季节性变化规律进行了分析。结果表明：东海陆架北部悬浮体的高含量区并不与该区的沉积中心（泥质区）相吻合,泥质区的形成需有物源的充沛供应和涡旋的动力效应相结合。泥质区沉积作用时空变化具有强烈的季节性。冬季泥质区悬浮体供应充足,涡旋中心向泥质区东南扩展,是本区接受悬浮体沉积的关键季节。夏、秋二季泥质区的大部分区域缺少悬浮体物源,涡旋中心向北退缩,致使泥质区沉积作用强度降低,并且主要影响泥质区的西北区域。春季泥质区沉积作用强度和影响范围大于夏、秋两季,但小于冬季。  相似文献   

东海西部陆架海域水团的季节特征分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张启龙  刘洪伟  秦思思  杨德周  刘志亮 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(11):64-74

On the basis of the CTD data and the modeling results in the winter and summer of 2009, the seasonal characteristics of the water masses in the western East China Sea shelf area were analyzed using a cluster analysis method. The results show that the distributions and temperature-salinity characteristics of the water masses in the study area are of distinct seasonal difference. In the western East China Sea shelf area, there are three water masses during winter, i.e., continental coastal water（CCW）, Taiwan Warm Current surface water（TWCSW） and Yellow Sea mixing water（YSMW）, but four ones during summer, i.e., the CCW, the TWCSW, Taiwan Warm Current deep water（TWCDW） and the YSMW. Of all, the CCW, the TWCSW and the TWCDW are all dominant water masses. The CCW, primarily characterized by a low salinity, has lower temperature, higher salinity and smaller spatial extent in winter than in summer. The TWCSW is warmer, fresher and smaller in summer than in winter, and it originates mostly from the Kuroshio surface water（KSW） northeast of Taiwan, China and less from the Taiwan Strait water during winter, but it consists of the strait water and the KSW during summer. The TWCDW is characterized by a low temperature and a high salinity, and originates completely in the Kuroshio subsurface water northeast of Taiwan.  相似文献   

基于ROMS模式利用集合最优插值同化沿轨海表面高度异常数据的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

LYU Guokun  WANG Hui  ZHU Jiang  WANG Dakui  XIE Jiping  LIU Guimei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(7):72-82

The ensemble optimal interpolation （EnOI） is applied to the regional ocean modeling system （ROMS） with the ability to assimilate the along-track sea level anomaly （TSLA）. This system is tested with an eddy-resolving system of the South China Sea （SCS）. Background errors are derived from a running seasonal ensemble to account for the seasonal variability within the SCS. A fifth-order localization function with a 250 km localization radius is chosen to reduce the negative effects of sampling errors. The data assimilation system is tested from January 2004 to December 2006. The results show that the root mean square deviation （RMSD） of the sea level anomaly decreased from 10.57 to 6.70 cm, which represents a 36.6% reduction of error. The data assimilation reduces error for temperature within the upper 800 m and for salinity within the upper 200 m, although error degrades slightly at deeper depths. Surface currents are in better agreement with trajectories of surface drifters after data assimilation. The variance of sea level improves significantly in terms of both the amplitude and position of the strong and weak variance regions after assimilating TSLA. Results with AGE error （AGE） perform better than no AGE error （NoAGE） when considering the improvements of the temperature and the salinity. Furthermore, reasons for the extremely strong variability in the northern SCS in high resolution models are investigated. The results demonstrate that the strong variability of sea level in the high resolution model is caused by an extremely strong Kuroshio intrusion. Therefore, it is demonstrated that it is necessary to assimilate the TSLA in order to better simulate the SCS with high resolution models.  相似文献   

基于ROMS模型数值研究南海温跃层的季节变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

FAN Wei  SONG Jinbao  LI Shuang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(7):56-64

On the basis of the regional ocean modeling system （ROMS）, the seasonal variations of the thermocline in the South China Sea （SCS） were numerically investigated. The simulated hydrodynamics are in accordance with previous studies： the circulation pattern in the SCS is cyclonic in winter and anticyclonic in summer, and such a change is mostly driven by the monsoon winds. The errors between the modeled temperature profiles and the observations obtained by cruises are quite small in the upper layers of the ocean, indicating that the ocean status is reasonably simulated. On the basis of the shapes of the vertical temperature profiles, five thermocline types （shallow thermocline, deep thermocline, hybrid thermocline, double thermocline, and multiple thermocline） are defined herein. In winter, when the northeasterly monsoon prevails, most shallow shelf seas in the northwest of the SCS are well mixed, and there is no obvious thermocline. The deep region generally has a deep thermocline, and the hybrid or double thermocline often occurs in the areas near the cold eddy in the south of the SCS. In summer, when the southwesterly monsoon prevails, the shelf sea area with a shallow thermocline greatly expands. The distribution of different thermocline types shows a relationship with ocean bathymetry： from shallow to deep waters, the thermocline types generally change from shallow or hybrid to deep thermocline, and the double or multiple thermocline usually occurs in the steep regions. The seasonal variations of the three major thermocline characteristics （the upper bound depth, thickness, and intensity） are also discussed. Since the SCS is also an area where tropical cyclones frequently occur, the response of thermocline to a typhoon process in a short time scale is also analyzed.  相似文献